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Special Issue on "Artificial consciousness", in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Vol. 44, Issue 2, October 2008.
No full textEsternalismi
No full textOver the last decade, the debate about the twin notions of «internal» and «external» has gained momentum in many disciplines (philosophy of mind, cognitive sciences, neuroscience, artificial intelligence). How are mental phenomena individuated? Where are they located? These questions have spawned two conflicting views: «internalism» and «externalism». However, it is fair to observe that many scholars give different meaning to these terms since they are biased by partially conflicting theoretical frameworks and not overlapping sets of assumptions. This paper aims to outline the current theoretical landscape that biases the internalism vs. externalism debate. Eventually, the paper fleshes out a taxonomy of different forms of externalisms as they have been put forward in philosophy of mind, analytical philosophy, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and neuroscience
L’internalismo dei correlati fisici della coscienza: un’ipotesi scientifica o metafisica?
No full textUtilizzando un’etichetta generale, si può asserire che l’internalismo rappresenti la received view per ciò che riguarda i correlati fisici della coscienza: essere internalisti significa in questo caso sostenere che è la sola attività del cervello o di suoi sottoinsiemi a determinare in modo «diretto» le nostre esperienze coscienti, mentre il corpo e il mondo esterno possono al più essere utili per «addestrare» il cervello. In altre parole, se il cervello rappresenta un elemento costitutivo della nostra coscienza, le parti non neurali del corpo e l’ambiente avranno al massimo un ruolo causale.
In questo articolo ci proponiamo di mostrare come una tesi del genere rischi di non essere in grado di fare asserzioni che possano risultare in conflitto con le osservazioni e, dunque, di non essere in alcun modo falsificabile o confutabile. Ma se fosse veramente così, allora ci sarebbero seri dubbi sulla scientificità delle posizioni di ispirazione internalista, fino al punto da considerarle semplici congetture metafisiche
Hydrazinolysis of Fischer-type oxacarbenes made efficient: a new and easy entry to alkyl and aryl hydrazinocarbene complexes
No full textHydrazinolysis of the pentacarbonyl[alkyl- or aryl-(methoxy)carbene] complexes of W0 and Cr0 with both 1,1- and 1,2-disubstituted hydrazines affords the corresponding new hydrazinocarbenes, and the presence of LiCl in the reaction medium greatly increases their yields. Thus, reaction of (OC)5W:C(OMe)Me with R2NNH2 (R2N = piperidino, morpholino, trans-2,6-dimethylmorpholino, 4-methylpiperazino) in THF gave 6-34% of the corresponding R2NNHC(Me):W(CO)5 as Z rotamers. In presence of LiCl, morpholinohydrazine afforded 72% R2NNHC(Me):W(CO)5, double the yield obtained without added LiCl
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Does radical externalism suggest how to implement machine consciousness?
No full textDespite the great interest for externalist oriented models of the mind (enactivism, the extended mind, various forms of externalism, embodiment, embeddedness), most current artificial agents are designed as though the mind “is still in the head”. In other words, in the field of AI, the prevailing view still assumes that the relevant information is processed inside the system that provides the right kind of computation. In this paper, we outline a model of situated cognition that aims at offloading various aspects of cognition which are strongly related with conscious experience (semantics, intentionality, teleology) and then we discuss a robotic implementation which tries to show the kind of intimate agent-environment relationship that may be exploited by conscious agents
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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