710 research outputs found
Émile Durkheim e il problema dell’ordine sociale
No full textCapitolo dedicato alla figura di Emile Durkheim, padre della sociologia modern
Modeling of Visual Features by Markov Chains for Sport Content Characterization
No full textThe problem of semantic indexing of audio-visual docu- ments is of great interest due to the wide diffusion of large audio-video databases. In this paper, we propose a semantic indexing algorithm based on the controlled Markov chain modelling framework. Controlled Markov chain models are used to describe the temporal evolution of low-level de- scriptors extracted from the MPEG compressed bit-stream. The proposed algorithm has been conceived for soccer game video sequences, and seems promising based on the simu- lation results obtained in this preliminary study
A Markov Chain Model for Semantic Indexing of Sport Program Sequences
No full textIn this paper, we propose a semantic indexing algorithm based on the controlled Markov chain modeling framework. Controlled Markov chain models are used to describe the temporal evolution of low-level visual descriptors extracted from the MPEG compressed bit-stream. To reduce the number of false detections given by the proposed video-processing algorithm, we have considered also the audio signal. In particular we have evaluated the "loudeness" associated to each video segments identified by the analysis carried out on the video signal. The intensity of the "loudness" has then been used to order the selected video segments. In this way, the segments associated to interesting events appear in the very first positions of the ordered list, and the number of false detections can be greatly reduced. The proposed algorithm has been conceived for soccer game video sequences, and the simulation results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm
Semantic Indexing of Soccer Audio-Visual Sequences: A Multimodal Approach Based on Controlled Markov Chains
No full textContent characterization of sport videos is a subject of great interest to researchers working on the analysis of multimedia documents. In this paper, we propose a semantic indexing algorithm which uses both audio and visual information for salient event detection in soccer. The video signal is processed first by extracting low-level visual descriptors directly from an MPEG-2 bitstream. It is assumed that any instance of an event of interest typically affects two consecutive shots and is characterized by a different temporal evolution of the visual descriptors in the two shots. This motivates the introduction of a controlled Markov chain to describe such evolution during an event of interest, with the control input modeling the occurrence of a shot transition. After adequately training different controlled Markov chain models, a list of video segments can be extracted to represent a specific event of interest using the maximum likelihood criterion. To reduce the presence
of false alarms, low-level audio descriptors are processed to order the candidate video segments in the list so that those associated
to the event of interest are likely to be found in the very first positions. We focus in particular on goal detection, which represents
a key event in a soccer game, using camera motion information as a visual cue and the “loudness” as an audio descriptor. The experimental
results show the effectiveness of the proposed multimodal approach
Semantic Indexing of Sport Program Sequences by Audio-Visual Analysis
No full textSemantic indexing of sports videos is a subject of great interest to researchers working on multimedia content characterization. Sports programs appeal to large audiences and their efficient distribution over various networks should contribute to widespread usage of
multimedia services. In this paper, we propose a semantic indexing algorithm for soccer programs which uses both audio and visual
information for content characterization. The video signal is processed first by extracting low-level visual descriptors from the MPEG compressed bit-stream. The temporal evolution of these descriptors during a semantic event is supposed to be governed by a controlled Markov chain. This allows to determine a list of those video segments where a semantic event of interest is likely to be found, based on the maximum likelihood criterion. The audio information is then used to refine the results of the video classification procedure by ranking the candidate video segments in the list so that the segments associated to the event of interest appear in the very first positions of the ordered list. The proposed method is applied to goal detection. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed cross-modal approach
Advanced content-based semantic scene analysis and information retrieval: the SCHEMA project
No full textThe aim of the SCHEMA Network of Excellence is to bring together a critical mass of universities, research centers, industrial partners and end users, in order to design a reference system for content-based semantic scene analysis, interpretation and understanding. Relevant research areas include: content-based multimedia analysis and automatic annotation of semantic multimedia content, combined textual and multimedia information retrieval, semantic -web, MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 standards, user interfaces and human factors. In this paper, recent advances in content-based analysis, indexing and retrieval of digital media within the SCHEMA Network are presented. These advances will be integrated in the SCHEMA module-based, expandable reference system
Maurice Halbwachs: classical sociology after the Classics.
No full textThe paper sets out to analyse the scientific production of Maurice Halbwachs (1877-1945). If in France he is substantially considered a classic to study, to publish and to republish, in other countries – in Europe, as in the United States – he is considered a lesser author, an epigone of Durkheim, though he was never even a direct alumnus of the latter. To me it seems, instead, that there is more than one reason why sociology should rediscover this figure, regarding both the theoretical aspect and that of empirical research.
First. Halbwachs is rightly known for his studies on collective memory; and, in effect, these are pioneering and courageous works that have involved enormous gains for the sociological discipline in epistemological terms. Nevertheless, he is unjustly little known as concerns the many other themes that he dealt with.
Second. Halbwachs’ sociological posture starts from Durkheimian organicism, but never slavishly bows to it. In this sense, it seems me that the true hidden pearl of this author lies in his conception of social reality as of a dialectical and constant tension between society and individual
Statistical models and algorithms for data mining and machine learning - Applications to sports analytics and bibliometrics
No full textQuesta tesi di dottorato riassume gli obiettivi di ricerca e le relative risposte
ottenute nell’ambito del programma di dottorato “Modelli e Metodi per
l’Economia e il Management” dell’Università di Brescia, Dipartimento di
Economia e Management, cui l’autore ha partecipato negli anni 2018-2021.
La principale attività di ricerca è relativa all’applicazione delle metodologie
di data science, e in particolare il machine learning, allo sport, focalizzandosi
sul basket, col duplice scopo di fornire allo staff tecnico strumenti per
preparare e analizzare un match, e di affrontare il problema di classificazione
della previsione del risultato di una partita. La seconda attività di ricerca
affrontata è focalizzata sull’utilizzo del linguaggio naturale nel settore bibliometrico,
al fine di offrire strumenti utili alla individuazione e valutazione di
articoli rilevanti per uno specifico contesto scientifico (ad esempio data science
e sport, oppure COVID-19). L’insieme di tecniche utilizzate include, tra
le altre, gli Alberi di Decisione, le Random Forests, il Recursive Partitioning,
il Deep Learning, i Topic Models. Tutte le implementazioni sono scritte nel
linguaggio R, e il codice sorgente è disponibile su richiesta.This PhD dissertation summarizes research questions and related answers
achieved in the context of the PhD program of “Analytics for Economics
and Management” of University of Brescia, Department of Economics and
Management, attended by the author in the years 2018-2021. Main research
activity is related to applying data science methodologies, and machine learning
in particular, to sport, focusing on basketball. Intended goals are both
proposing tools to help coaching staff in matches’ preparation, and facing
the classification problem of outcome prediction of a match. The second
research activity is focused on natural language processing applied to the
bibliometric field, to offer valuable tools in finding and evaluating papers in
a specific research domain (e.g. data science and sport, or COVID-19). The
set of techniques includes, among others, Decision Trees, Random Forests,
Recursive Partitioning, Deep Learning, Topic Models. All implementations
are written in R language, and source code is available on demand
Maurice Halbwachs: classical sociology after the Classics
No full textThe paper sets out to analyse the scientific production of Maurice Halbwachs (1877-1945). If in France he is substantially considered a classic to study, to publish and to republish, in other countries – in Europe, as in the United States – he is considered a lesser author, an epigone of Durkheim, though he was never even a direct alumnus of the latter. To me it seems, instead, that there is more than one reason why sociology should rediscover this figure, regarding both the theoretical aspect and that of empirical research.
First. Halbwachs is rightly known for his studies on collective memory; and, in effect, these are pioneering and courageous works that have involved enormous gains for the sociological discipline in epistemological terms. Nevertheless, he is unjustly little known as concerns the many other themes that he dealt with.
Second. Halbwachs’ sociological posture starts from Durkheimian organicism, but never slavishly bows to it. In this sense, it seems me that the true hidden pearl of this author lies in his conception of social reality as of a dialectical and constant tension between society and individual
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