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Mackie, R M, NX47486
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/400811Surname: MACKIE. Given Name(s) or Initials: R M. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: NX47486. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 40905.220457
Item: [2016.0049.33104] "Mackie, R M, NX47486
The conception of value: an analysis about the objectivity of values proposed by P. Grice
No full textEste artigo pretende analisar tópicos específicos do primeiro capítulo intitulado “Value and objectivity” do  livro Conception of value de P. Grice. Através desta análise pretende-se realizar uma discussão metaética  acerca da possibilidade de uma objetividade ou ceticismo com relação aos valores morais. Os referidos  tópicos são: 1) a abordagem de P. Grice acerca da Teoria do Erro de J. Mackie; 2) a contribuição de R. M. Hare  à discussão da Teoria do Erro de J. Mackie; 3) as críticas dirigidas por Grice à abordagem de R. M. Hare e 4) a  análise de P. Grice acerca do anti-objetivismo radical de J. Mackie contraposto à sua visão objetivista. Conclui- se a discussão questionando-se a cética Teoria do Erro de Mackie que afirma serem os valores morais falsos  quando na realidade Mackie os teria tratado metodologicamente como “sem sentido”. Com isso, o ceticismo  de valores proposto por Mackie se desqualifica frente à possibilidade do objetivismo dos valores proposto  por P. Grice.This article aims at analyzing specific topics of the first chapter “Value and objectivity” of P Grice’s book  Conception of value. Through this analysis we intend to do a metaethical discussion about the possibility of an  objectivity or skepticism concerning moral values. The referred topics are: 1) P. Grice’s approach of J.  Mackie’s Error Theory; 2) the contribution of R. M. Hare to the discussion of J. Mackie’s Error Theory; 3) P.  Grice’s criticisms to R. M. Hare’s approach and 4) P. Grice’s analysis of the radical antiobjectivism of J. Mackie  while opposed to his own objectivist vision. The discussion is concluded by disagreeing with J. Mackie’s Error  Theory, which asserts moral values as false, when in fact Mackie would have treated it methodologically as  “no sense”. With it, the skepticism of values proposed by J. Mackie is disqualified when it faces the possibility  of an objectivism of values proposed by P. Grice
The conception of value: an analysis about the objectivity of values proposed by P. Grice
No full text-This article aims at analyzing specific topics of the first chapter "Value and objectivity" of P Grice's book Conception of value. Through this analysis we intend to do a metaethical discussion about the possibility of an objectivity or skepticism concerning moral values. The referred topics are: 1) P. Grice's approach of J. Mackie's Error Theory; 2) the contribution of R. M. Hare to the discussion of J. Mackie's Error Theory; 3) P. Grice's criticisms to R. M. Hare's approach and 4) P. Grice's analysis of the radical anti-objectivism of J. Mackie while opposed to his own objectivist vision. The discussion is concluded by disagreeing with J. Mackie's Error Theory, which asserts moral values as false, when in fact Mackie would have treated it methodologically as "no sense". With it, the skepticism of values proposed by J. Mackie is disqualified when it faces the possibility of an objectivism of values proposed by P. Grice
E. Anati, A. Beltran, R. de Marinis, E. Mackie, P. L. et M. van Berg-Osterrieth, Les religions de la préhistoire. Edizioni del Centro Camuno di Studi Preistorici. 1975
No full textRies Julien. E. Anati, A. Beltran, R. de Marinis, E. Mackie, P. L. et M. van Berg-Osterrieth, Les religions de la préhistoire. Edizioni del Centro Camuno di Studi Preistorici. 1975. In: Revue théologique de Louvain, 7ᵉ année, fasc. 1, 1976. pp. 104-105
E. Anati, A. Beltran, R. de Marinis, E. Mackie, P. L. et M. van Berg-Osterrieth, Les religions de la préhistoire. Edizioni del Centro Camuno di Studi Preistorici. 1975
No full textRies Julien. E. Anati, A. Beltran, R. de Marinis, E. Mackie, P. L. et M. van Berg-Osterrieth, Les religions de la préhistoire. Edizioni del Centro Camuno di Studi Preistorici. 1975. In: Revue théologique de Louvain, 7ᵉ année, fasc. 1, 1976. pp. 104-105
Makoiamya cotterallae Grant-Mackie, 2013, n. gen.
No full textMakoiamya cotterallae n. gen. et sp. Figures 11, 12A 1956. Anodontophora sp.— Campbell & McKellar: 700; Campbell: 48. 1959. Anodontophora sp.—Campbell: 201. 1975.? Anodontophora sp., cf. Anodontophora sp.—Martin: 919. 1981.? Ochotomya sp.— Grant-Mackie: 243, 246. 1985. Ochotomya sp.— Campbell et al.,? 26, 31. 1998. Ochotomya sp.— MacFarlan: 302, 304, 305. 2009. Ochotomya sp.— Campbell, in Gordon: 224. Etymology. Named for Louise M. Cotterall, draughtsperson and photographer to the Geology section, who has been of enormous assistance in illustrating my publications over many years and has always maintained the highest of standards. Diagnosis. Ceratomyid with moderately thick shell material, well inflated, with prominent umbo, subcircular to oval to subquadrate in outline, with rounded ridge running from umbo to posteroventral margin so that shell somewhat truncated posteriorly, slightly longer than high, hinge plate long, narrow; nymph of RV nearly full length of hinge plate; lacking ornamentation. Holotype. L 4576, internal cast of a RV with beak and part of the umbo detached to show the hinge line, from locality R 16 /f 8528, coast at high tide line ca. 100 m west of south end of Kiritehere beach, and collection AU 1427, by JAG-M 9 / 7 / 59; Ngutunui Formation, top Warepan (Late Norian). Additional material. Paratypes: L 4577 and L 4578, from the same locality and collection as the holotype, consisting of large LV, smaller RV cast retaining some shell material; L 4584, R 15 /f 289, AU 14973, partly open bivalved specimen, Otapirian; L 4582, R 16 /f 429, AU 6559, undistorted steinkern, top Warepan or early Otapirian; L 4585, R 17 /f 8574, AU 12169, small steinkern; L 4583, R 18 / f 6562, AU 8986, RV (with associated but disarticulated LV); L 4579, L 4580, R 18 /f 6581, AU 1885, internal casts, RV, LV, all Otapirian; L 4581, NC/f 125, LV internal cast, top Warepan; L 4586, NC/f 167, AU 5787, steinkern, Otapirian; L 4612, R 16 /f 429, AU 6559, steinkern lacking anteroventral margin, may be top Warepan but more likely early Otapirian (for other details see Appendix 1). In addition, a further 38 specimens have been available for study in preparation of this report, as noted in Appendix 1. Description. The holotype is an undistorted RV internal cast; dimensions are L= 51 mm, H= 45 mm, W= 18 mm, and L/H ratio is 1.13. Overall, the species is of moderate size (L up to ca. 60 mm), outline subcircular to oval to rounded subquadrate; equivalve, inequilateral, slightly longer then high (L/H ca. 1.1, mean 1.14; here and in the following description n = 15 specimens; see Table 1); moderately inflated (W/H ca. 0.215 to 0.5, mean = 0.35), with no posterior gape or dentate margins; beak prosogyrous, enrolled, variable in position but generally near anterior third (L-A/A ranges 1.6 to 11.5, mean 4.69)(Table 1); rounded posteroventral ridge passes from well inflated umbo to rounded-angular posteroventral margin, with slightly flattened or excavated area dorsal of ridge and slightly flattened posterior margin; hinge plate edentulous but RV has low boss immediately behind beak and long, low, nymph running nearly full length of hinge plate posterior to beak, and slightly curved to parallel hinge margin, with slight ventral emargination of hinge plate between boss and nymph; presence of nymph on LV uncertain; exterior unsculptured except for fine commarginal growth lines; shell material 2–3 mm thick, thickest dorsally; adductor muscle scars not certainly seen, but one RV internal cast (Fig. 10 J) perhaps shows posterior scar and two steinkerns (Fig. 11 I, J, M) may record anterior scars; possible posterior scar situated just inside posterodorsal corner of shell, obliquely oval, of moderate size, with low oblique ridge across scar; possible anterior scars small, crescentic, and of equal size on each valve, impressed into shell material just inside anterodorsal corner of valves; pallial line not seen. A reconstruction is shown in Figure 12 with, for comparison, figures of Ceratomya, Unionites and Ochotomya. Dimensions. See Table 1. The largest specimen, a steinkern from AU 12681, R 16 /f 323, is incomplete, lacking about the posterodorsal third; what remains is H = 60 + mm, L = 50 + mm, A = 20 + mm, and W (2 Vs) = 35 mm, but slightly crushed. Remarks. Of ratios listed in Table 1 the least variable is length vs height, with a mean value of 1.14 and a range of 1.03 to 1.29. Position of the beak is more variable, resulting in both L-A/A and L/A showing a much wider range (12.67 to 1.5, with a mean of 4.69 for L-A/A and 13.67 to 2.5, with a mean of 5.69 for L/A). On subcircular steinkerns lacking clearly defined adductor scars or hinge it is seldom easy to locate precisely the correct orientation of the hinge line, so a great deal of the variation suggested here is likely to be due to operator error. In fossil bivalves most parameters are subject to distortion during fossilisation but for Makoiamya cotterallae that least affected by sediment compaction is W, the thickness, or inflation, of the shell, so W/H has a much narrower range. No adductor scars or pallial line are clearly seen on internal casts, but a few casts show what may be remnants of the adductor scars. One each LV and RV have faint depressions in the posterodorsal area, that would have been raised areas on the shell interior, in a position where the muscle is likely to have been attached. A RV (L 4578, from R 16 /f 8528) has a vague vertically oriented oval depression of ca. 13 x 9 mm 2 (Fig. 10 J) close to the posterodorsal margin with a slight ridge on its anterior and a few possible commarginal growth rings behind it that could represent a posterior adductor scar. It is crossed diagonally from the anterodorsal edge of the depression by a low straight narrow ridge. A steinkern, L 4612, from R 16 /f 429, shows very close to the anterodorsal margin on each valve an impression of a shallow oval depression of ca. 10 x 5 mm 2 with its posterior margin raised as a low buttress (Fig. 11 M). These are likely to be casts of the anterior adductor muscle scars. Possible anterior adductor scars are seen on a steinkern (L 4582 also from R 16 /f 429; Fig. 11 I) as small posteriorly concave, crescentic, raised areas (and thus depressed areas in the shell itself) immediately inside the margin of the steinkern in its anterodorsal area, with that of the LV clearer than that of the RV. The hinge is not completely known, with the RV better preserved than the left in the specimens studied (Fig. 10 D, G). The nymph is clear in the RV (Fig. 10 B, G) but its presence is not fully established for the LV. Nor is there indication of the presence of any equivalent or receptor in the LV for the boss seen in the RV. The weak posteroventral ridge is usually obvious because compaction and lithification have apparently not greatly distorted the valves, perhaps attributable to lithology and shell thickness, but one indicator may be that not all valves show the faint surface excavation dorsal to the ridge even when the ridge itself is obvious. Apart from this ridge, the valve is smoothly rounded anteroposteriorly and dorsoventrally, with the anterior area more steeply rounded than the posterior. One collection from New Caledonia, NC/f 248, however, consists of four bivalved specimens that have been significantly distorted post-mortem, and some show over-steepened posteroventral ridges and variably inflated valves. Whilst Makoiamya cotterallae is known from 72 localities in the New Zealand Murihiku Terrane (Appendix 1), it is reported here from only six in the New Caledonian Téremba Terrane. No congeners are known, but may include poorly known or inadequately described species from Late Triassic or Early Jurassic of any of the circum-Pacific or eastern Tethyan regions, as well as among material yet to be described. As the above discussion of the genus indicates, no evolutionary links can at this stage be suggested, but a relationship with Ceratomya seems possible and is implied by the family location of Makoiamya. In early Aratauran (~Hettangian-Sinemurian; Early Jurassic) strata of the Awakino-Kawhia and New Caledonia areas an undescribed species of Pleuromya occurs, sometimes quite abundantly. In one New Caledonian Aratauran collection, AU 7691 from NC/f 389, on the northeastern coast of Uitoë Peninsula, with about 15 specimens of this Pleuromya, one steinkern approaches the shape of Makoiamya, with a short rounded outline and rounded ventral margin, rather than the elongate outline with straight ventral margin and very short anterior of Pleuromya n. sp. This one specimen clusters with the other steinkerns in the same collection without significant separation in plots of L/A and L/H statistics and can be seen as simply the endpoint in a continuum of morphs of the new Pleuromya. Given the difficulty in getting clear hinge details in specimens of both genera, a lone specimen of one might be superficially confused with the other, but a small collection of individuals clearly shows the differences even in the absence of the hinges. The collection from NC/f 389 also includes the brachiopod Herangirhynchia herangiensis MacFarlan, 1992, who dated the locality as Ururoan. He gave the time-range of the species as late Aratauran–Ururoan (Hettangian– Pliensbachian). There is also in the fauna a bivalve identified as possibly the Ururoan (ca. Pliensbachian) marker genus Pseudaucella Marwick, 1926, presumably the basis for the Ururoan age allocation, but its identity is uncertain; no other taxon in the small fauna indicates a Ururoan age and on the basis of the Pleuromya n. sp. the locality is accepted as of Aratauran age. A solitary steinkern from NC/f 388 on the northern coast of Uitoë Peninsula 50 m south of the last-mentioned locality, is slightly obliquely crushed and more similar to Makoiamya but is also interpreted as another shorterthan-normal specimen of the same Pleuromya that is widely present in other Aratauran outcrops nearby (e.g., NC/ f 390, f 391, f 394). Makoiamya cotterallae sometimes shows a superficial similarity to some specimens of Maorimonotis calvata (Marwick, 1953) with which it co-occurs in Late Warepan collections. They can be separated, however, because the monotid species has thinner shell material, a more obliquely elongate outline, often shows some evidence of radial ribbing, and lacks the posterodorsal ridge of Makoiamya. Stratigraphic range. The new species is known so far from Murihiku strata of Kawhia and Southland Regional Synclines of New Zealand and from Téremba Terrane of Baie de St-Vincent–Moindou area, New Caledonia, in rocks of Late Norian (Gnomohalorites cordilleranus zone; Warepan Stage) and Rhaetian (Otapirian) ages. In more detail, earliest specimens occur in the Late Warepan (Marokopan Substage; see Fig. 1) and Appendix 1 records them with Maorimonotis maniopotoi (Grant-Mackie 1978) in R 15 /f 8953, with Pacimonotis gigantea (Avias 1953) in NC/f 125 and NC/f 248, with Entomonotis richmondiana (Zittel 1864) in R 15 /f 8957, and with M. calvata at a few localities in both New Zealand and New Caledonia. Otapirian members are more abundant, occurring in both the informal early Otapirian (Campbell 1956), and from a greater number of localities higher in the stage. At one locality Makoiamya cotterallae has been found with a fauna including the bivalve Otapiria dissimilis (Cox, S.H. 1878). An assemblage including this species has been characterised by Campbell (1956) as constituting a Late Otapirian fauna. Other Otapirian occurrences are in intermediate strata lacking indicators of either the early or Late Otapirian. Two specimens came from a single small package within the large Kiritehere slump (R 16 /f 8747; see Grant-Mackie & Lowry 1964), the only fauna known from this package, so it is of uncertain Warepan–Otapirian age, although more likely top Warepan than Otapirian. In New Caledonia Makoiamya cotterallae is found more frequently in Late Warepan than in Otapirian strata. Warepan occurrences are in the Entomonotis acutecostata and/or E. richmondiana zones (with Pacimonotis gigantea) and the Maorimonotis calvata zone. Otapirian occurrences include presence in the Late Otapirian. The new species thus ranges from the Richmondiana Chronozone of the Marokopan Substage of the Warepan, through the informal early Otapirian into the Late Otapirian Stage, a duration of some 8 Ma (see Cooper 2004 for durations of local stages). It could also be expected to be found in suitable lithologies within this age range in the Nelson region at the northern end of South Island. There is no record of its presence in the Rakaia Terrane although the dominant fine-grained sediments there could perhaps have accommodated it. The genus appears to have been another victim of the T-J boundary extinction event, which it apparently failed to survive. Associated fauna. Makoiamya cotterallae appears in Marokopan strata as part of a macrofauna including the very abundant monotid species and rare and generally inconspicuous brachiopods, bryozoans, gastropods, echinoderms and cephalopods. It occurs in Otapirian strata accompanied by various rare brachiopods which are more abundant in lithologies lacking Makoiamya (Clavigera Hector, 1879; Rastelligera Hector, 1879; Psioidiella Campbell, 1991; Mentzelia kawhiana Trechmann, 1918; Sakawairhynchia Tokuyama, 1957; terebratulaceans) and bivalves, especially Kalentera marwicki Grant-Mackie 1960, but also Lima Bruguière in Bruguière et al., 1797, Maoritrigonia leedae Fleming 1987, prosobranchs, and rare gastropods, cephalopods, crinoids, plant debris and the trace fossils Chondrites Sternberg, 1833, and Zoophycus Massalingo, 1855. Paleoecology. The frequent occurrence of articulated specimens in growth position normal to bedding planes, anterior-down in the rock, indicates an infaunal mode of life. Its presence in fine sandstones and siltstones, and absence from coarser lithologies show that it lived in quieter conditions, possibly at about mid-shelf depths. This is supported by the prevalence of Makoiamya dominantly in the western limb of the Kawhia Regional Syncline and its near-absence from rocks of the more off-shore eastern limb (Figs 2–6; fig. 13.15 of Stevens 1980). The apparent absence of fragmented shells, except in the basal beds of the Ngutunui Formation, and of bore holes in the shells indicates that the species lived deep enough to have generally avoided excavation by wave or current action or predation. Nor is there any evidence of epibiont attachment. It must be agreed that these last points offer only weak support for the conclusion because bore holes and epibiont attachments are rare globally in Triassic rocks. These conclusions explain why Makoiamya cotterallae is found in strata generally lacking the otherwise almost ubiquitous Late Triassic brachiopods Clavigera and Rastelligera in this region—the brachiopods lived in shallower more vigorous conditions and are preserved in coarser lithologies, including occasional Clavigera ‘grit’ units, especially in Southland and Baie de St-Vincent, New Caledonia. Clavigera nevertheless is found in at least ten localities in New Zealand with Makoiamya (ca. 13 % of the total), and Rastelligera at three (ca. 4 %). Kalentera marwicki is the only other bivalve frequently found articulated in the same strata as Makoiamya, also generally in growth position, and it has already been concluded to be part of this small infaunal community in fine to very fine sands of this region in the latest Triassic (Grant-Mackie 1960). This community included the much rarer protobranch bivalves mentioned above which are also frequently found articulated within strata interpreted as primary deposits, but at least some other forms (e.g. Maoritrigonia probably, and certainly the gastropods and cephalopods) must have been introduced into the fossil fauna from outside by redeposition. Both the above trace fossils occur in fine sandstones at many levels in the late Warepan-Otapirian of the Kawhia-Marokopa-Awakino area and their paleoenvironmental implications remain to be elucidated. The Zoophycos is a relatively small type with a maximum diameter of 120-180 mm and laminae 4-5 mm thick; they clearly show the meniscus internal structure but collected specimens do not preserve the tubular margin (AU 14977, R 15 /f 285). The genus has already been reported from New Zealand Triassic rocks in both the Murihiku Terrane (Oretian, early Norian; Cave 1982) and Torlesse Terrane (Fordyce 1976) with specimens of a comparable size to ours. Much has been written about the possible paleoenvironmental significance of Zoophycos but there is little general agreement (see, e.g., Olivero 1996), although size may be an indicator (Olivero 2003), with smaller specimens such as those in the Warepan–Otapirian linked to outer shelf-upper slope deposits.Published as part of Grant-Mackie, John A., 2013, Makoiamya cotterallae, a new genus and species of bivalve (Ceratomyidae) from the latest Triassic of New Zealand and New Caledonia, pp. 327-348 in Zootaxa 3741 (3) on pages 331-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/22359
Leitoscoloplos obovatus Mackie 1987
No full textLeitoscoloplos obovatus Mackie, 1987 Figures 6–7 Haploscoloplos fragilis intermedius Hartman, 1965: 128 (in part). Fide Mackie 1987. Leitoscoloplos cf. fragilis: Maciolek-Blake et al. 1985: Appendix B-5. Not Verrill 1873. Leitoscoloplos sp. A: Maciolek-Blake et al. 1985: B-5, D-19. Leitoscoloplos obovatus Mackie, 1987: 18–19, Fig. 19. Material examined. (97 specimens) Northeastern USA, off New England, Gay-Head Bermuda Transect, R/V Atlantis Sta. S 1-3, 24 May 1961, 39°58.4′N, 70°40.317′W, 300 m, holotype (AHF-Poly 1450).— Georges Bank, Benthic Infauna Monitoring Program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 13A: Cruise M 4, R/ V Cape Henlopen, Rep. 6, 18 May 1982, 40°30.00′N, 70°00.5′W, 83 m (3, USNM 1620855); Cruise M5, R/V Oceanus, Rep. 1, 28 Jul 1982, 40°30.00′N, 71°00.5′W, 74 m (7, USNM 1620856); Rep. 4 (4, USNM 1620857); Rep. 6 (3, USNM 1620858); Cruise M6, R/V Oceanus, Rep. 2, 28 Nov. 1982, 40°30.00′N, 71°00.5′W, 78 m (3, USNM 1620859); Rep. 3 (6, USNM 1620860); Cruise M 8, R/ V Gyre, Rep. 1, 21 May 1983, 40°30.00′N, 71°00.5′W, 80 m (2, USNM 1620861); Rep. 2 (3, USNM 1620862); Rep. 3 (4, USNM 1620863); Rep. 5 (1, USNM 1620864); Rep. 6 (4, USNM 1620865); Cruise M 9, R/ V Gyre, Rep. 1, 20 Jul 1983, 40°30.0′N, 71°00.5′W, 80 m (1, USNM 1620866); Rep. 4 (4, USNM 1620867); Rep. 5 (1, USNM 1620868); Cruise M10, R/V Oceanus, Rep. 1, 13 Nov. 1983, 40°30.0′N, 71°00.5′W, 80 m (2, USNM 1620869); Rep. 2 (3, USNM 1620870); Rep. 4 (1, USNM 1620871); Rep. 5 (1, USNM 1620872); Rep. 6 (1, USNM 1620873); Cruise M11, R/V Oceanus, Rep. 1, 01 Feb 1984, 40°30.00′N, 71°00.5′W, 80 m (3, USNM 1620874); Rep. 2 (1, USNM 1620875); Rep. 3 (1, USNM 1620876); Rep. 4 (3, USNM 1620877); Rep. 5 (2, USNM 1620878); Cruise M 12, R/ V Gyre, Rep. 1, coll. 02 Jun 1984, 40°30.0′N, 71°00.5′W, 80 m (1, USNM 1620879); Rep. 2 (1, USNM 1620880); Rep. 3 (5, USNM 1620881); Rep. 4 (1, USNM 1620882); Rep. 5 (2, USNM 1620883); Rep. 6 (2, USNM 1620884).— Southeastern USA, US South Atlantic ACSAR program, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist. off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Sta. 9: Cruise SA-4, R/ V Cape Hatteras, Rep. 1, 24 May 1985, 35°28.41′N, 74°47.44′W, 640 m (1, USNM 1620885). Off Cape Fear, North Carolina, Sta. 11: Cruise SA 4, R/ V Cape Hatteras, Rep. 1, 22 May 1985, 33°04.86′N, 76°25.13′W, 800 m (2, USNM 1620886); Cruise SA-5, R/ V Gyre, Rep. 1, 23 Sep 1985, 33°94,83′N, 76°25.1′W, 796 m (6, USNM 1620887); Cruise SA-6, R/ V Cape Hatteras, Rep. 1, 22 Nov 1985, 33°04.95′N, 76°25.15′W, 804 m (1, USNM 1620888); Rep. 2, 22 Nov. 1985, 33°04.94′N, 76°25.06′W, 807 m (1, USNM 1620889); Rep. 3, 22 Nov 1985, 33°04.84′N, 76°25.06′W, 807 m (2, USNM 1620890). Off Charleston, South Carolina, Sta. 14: Cruise SA-4, R/ V Cape Hatteras, Rep. 2, 20 May 1983, 32°23.64′N, 77°01.1′W, 802 m (1, USNM 1620891); Cruise SA-5, R/ V Gyre, Rep. 2, 19 Sep 1985, 32°23.72′N, 77°01.24′W, 799 m (1, USNM 1620892); Cruise SA-6, R/ V Cape Hatteras, Rep. 1, 18 Nov 1985, 32°23.73′N, 77°01.10′W, 799 m (2, USNM 1620893).— Off New England, US North Atlantic ACSAR program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 12: Cruise NA-2, R/V Oceanus, Rep. 1, 04 May 1985, 39°54.31′N, 70°55.04′W, 551 m (2, USNM 1620894); Cruise NA-4, R/ V Gyre, Rep. 1, 30 Nov 1985, 39°54.28′N, 70°55.12′W, 560 m (2, USNM 1620895); Rep. 2, 30 Nov 1985, 39°54.28′N, 70°55.12′W, 559 m (2, USNM 1620896); Cruise NA-6, R/ V Gyre, Rep. 3, 30 Jul 1986, 39°54.24′N, 70°55.09′W, 563 m (2, USNM 1620897). Description. Holotype small, incomplete, with 21 setigers, 4 mm long, 0.40 mm wide across thorax (Mackie 1987). Many specimens complete, but coiled, difficult to measure; one large complete specimen from Georges Bank (USNM 1620861) with 80 setigers, 12.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide across thoracic region (Fig. 6B). Body elongate, about same width along most of body, narrowing in far posterior setigers. Body generally cylindrical in cross section with thoracic segments short, about five times wider than long. Abdominal segments shorter, but still wider than long with dorsal surface becoming flattened with parapodia and branchiae shifted dorsally; ventral surface rounded. A shallow, narrow ventral groove present along entire body from middle thoracic segments; groove appearing as a light line when body stained with Shirlastain A. Dorsal grooves and ridges absent. Color in alcohol opaque white. Pre-setiger region triangular, about as long as first two-and-a-half setigers (Fig. 6 A–C). Prostomium triangular, narrowing to pointed apex; nuchal organs narrow curved slits on posterior lateral margin (Fig. 6A); eyespots absent. Peristomium a single ring, smooth dorsally (Fig. 6B), ventrally forming upper and lower lips of mouth (Fig. 6C); upper lip formed by two thickened lobes separated medially by short papilla; lateral and ventral lips of mouth formed by ten or more lobes; proboscis, when everted formed of three or more filaments or lobes. Thorax of most specimens with 11 setigers abruptly transitioning to abdominal segments (Fig. 6 A–B); small specimens with 9 or 10 thoracic setigers. Transition to abdominal segments best observed by elongation and thickening of neuropodia and commensurate reduction in number of neurosetae. A prominent interramal cirrus first appearing on tenth thoracic setiger, continuing between noto- and neuropodia along entire body (Figs. 6B; 7 C–D); in addition, one or two extra subpodial papillae appear ventral to neuropodial lobe on thoracic setigers 10–11 (Fig. 7B); these continuing over anterior abdominal segments (Fig. 7C), one lobe typically located on a short subpodial neuropodial flange. In addition, 1–3 small stomach papillae also occurring on posterior thoracic and anterior abdominal setigers (Figs. 6A (arrows); 7B–C), with an occasional one occurring on middle abdominal segments. Branchiae typically first present on setiger 11, or last thoracic setiger (Fig. 6B); narrow and short at first, becoming longer in middle and posterior abdominal segments (Fig. 7 B–D), but not noticeably longer than notopodial postsetal lobes; branchiae of middle and posterior abdominal segments becoming asymmetrical with enlargement typically directed laterally (Fig. 7D). Each branchia with a central blood vessel and transverse folds and cilia on inner and lateral margins. Notosetae including camerated capillaries and furcate setae; about 30 capillaries in two rows in thoracic notopodia, reduced to 10–15 long, thin camerated capillaries (Fig. 7F); in abdominal notopodia, capillaries accompanied by 0–2 furcate setae. Thoracic neurosetae all capillaries with about 60 setae in three rows; abdominal neurosetae include 3–5 capillaries and 1–2 short protruding aciculae, these minute, with pointed tip. Capillaries of abdominal neuropodia appearing weakly jointed along length with oblong lobes only observed at 1000x in light microscope (Fig. 7G). Furcate setae of abdominal notopodia with unequal tynes, each tyne with a rounded apex; narrow elongate fibrils present between tynes; shaft of furcate setae with cross bars or low ribs along length (Fig. 7E). Flail setae absent. Pygidium with two or three thickened lobes surrounding anal opening and two long dorsolateral cirri (Fig. 6D). Remarks. More than 70 newly collected specimens encountered at a single location, Sta. 13A on Georges Bank, the so-called “mud patch” (Maciolek-Blake et al. 1985); additional specimens from upper continental slope stations off New England and the Carolinas also identified. Collection includes a range of sizes from juveniles to mature adults. The specimens of Leitoscoloplos obovatus reported here represent only the second account of the species. Mackie (1987) described L. obovatus from specimens previously reported as Haploscoloplos fragilis intermedius by Hartman (1965) from a 300 m site southeast of Georges Bank. Other specimens reported by Hartman as this subspecies from deeper slope depths (ca. 1400 m) were raised to full species status by Mackie (1987) and referred to the genus Scoloplos (S. intermedius is treated separately in this paper, see below). The majority of specimens reported here are from outer shelf depths on Georges Bank located near the original collection site reported by Hartman (1965) and Mackie (1987). Leitoscoloplos obovatus is unusual within the genus in having an interramal cirrus in posterior thoracic and all abdominal setigers, 1–3 subpodial papillae in posterior thoracic and most abdominal setigers, and 2–6 small stomach papillae in posterior thoracic and anterior abdominal setigers. Mackie (1987) had only four small incomplete specimens, each with fewer than 40 setigers; the present collection includes more than 70 specimens, many complete, with up to 80–100 setigers. The new materials confirm Mackie’s (1987) observation that the small sessile papillae on the venter are in actuality stomach papillae; although sparse and inconspicuous, they do form partial rows on the venter. In addition to L. obovatus, only five other species of Leitoscoloplos have interramal cirri: L. fragilis (Verrill, 1873), L. mackiei Eibye-Jacobsen, 2002, L. multipapillatus Hernández-Alcántara & Solís-Weiss, 2014, L. panamen- sis (Monro, 1933b), and L. robustus (Verrill, 1873). Leitoscoloplos pustulus n. sp. has a short interramal process, but not distinct cirri. Of these, only L. multipapillatus has stomach papillae. However, rather than being sparse as in L. obovatus, the stomach papillae of L. multipapillatus are formed into prominent rows that produce a conspicuous ventral fringe in posterior thoracic and anterior abdominal setigers. Biology. Large, elongate eggs were observed in one Georges Bank specimen (USNM 1620882) with 3– 4 eggs per individual swollen segment in the anterior abdomen; individual eggs measured about 190 µm in average diameter. These results from a June 1984 sample indicate a summer spawning and the large eggs suggest either a direct or lecithotrophic mode of development. A specimen collected in May 1985 from off Cape Hatteras (USNM 1620885) contained large eggs that were partially extruded from the body, indicating they were being discharged. These eggs measured 192–236 µm in diameter, again implying a direct mode of development. Sediment grain size at Station 13A, the only location on Georges Bank where L. obovatus occurred, has finegrained sediments consisting of 80–90% silt and clay (Maciolek-Blake et al. 1985). The site is locally termed the “Mud Patch.” Distribution. Off northeastern USA, in shelf and upper slope depths, 80–550 m; off southeastern USA, upper slope depths, ca. 640– 800 m.Published as part of Blake, James A., 2021, New species and records of Orbiniidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean, pp. 1-123 in Zootaxa 4930 (1) on pages 19-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4930.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/454489
Can emotions be truly group level? Evidence regarding four conceptual criteria
No full textRecent advances in understanding prejudice and intergroup behavior have made clear that emotions help explain people's reactions to social groups and their members. Intergroup emotions theory (D. M. Mackie, T. Devos, & E. R. Smith, 2000; E. R. Smith, 1993) holds that intergroup emotions are experienced by individuals when they identify with a social group, making the group part of the psychological self. What differentiates such group-level emotions from emotions that occur purely at the individual level? The authors argue that 4 key criteria define group-level emotions: Group emotions are distinct from the same person's individual-level emotions, depend on the person's degree of group identification, are socially shared within a group, and contribute to regulating intragroup and intergroup attitudes and behavior. Evidence from 2 studies supports all 4 of these predictions and thus points to the meaningfulness, coherence, and functionality of group-level emotions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved
Group Emotions
No full textPre-registration of Experiment 2 (Mackie, Smith, Banerji, & Munasinghe, 2024). Project registration of Mackie et al. (2024) is at
https://osf.io/wb2eu/?view_only=b009abb21ba04c5ca2f0aaab31cc923
Magelona symmetrica Mortimer & Mackie 2006
No full textMagelona cf. symmetrica Mortimer & Mackie, 2006 Figures 6 and 7 (A‒C) Material examined. Mariana Islands, Guam, Northern District outfall, 13°29'14" N, 144°44'54" E, Jan/2007, 40‒ 52 m, Sta. N1R1, (1 complete specimen, BPBM-R 3874); Sta. N3R1 (3 af, BPBM-R 3875); Agana outfall, 13°33'08" N, 144°48'25" E, Jan/2007, 65‒ 100 m, Sta. A2R2 (2 af, BPBM-R 3876). Diagnosis. Prostomium as long as wide, lacking prostomial horns. Notopodia and neuropodia of chaetigers 1‒8 with triangular postchaetal lamellae with smooth upper edges. Thoracic superior processes absent. Chaetiger nine with only simple bilimbate capillaries. Abdominal hooded hooks tridentate. Description. One complete specimen observed, all others posteriorly incomplete; prostomium 0.28‒0.35 mm long, 0.25‒0.36 mm wide; thorax 1.40‒2.20 mm long (including prostomium), 0.27‒0.49 mm wide; abdomen 0.20‒0.48 mm wide; total length 5.57‒7.39 mm for 24‒42 chaetigers. Prostomium as long as wide (L:W ratio 0.97‒1.12), flattened distally, anterior margin smooth or having discrete crenulations, lacking prostomial horns; (Figs 6A, C; 7A). Two pairs of longitudinal dorsal ridges; outer pair not distinct and adjacent to inner pair; the latter pair with a wide medial gap, diverging slightly distally (Fig. 6A, C). Burrowing organ not observed. Single palp observed, arising ventro-laterally from base of prostomium and extending to chaetiger 18 (Fig. 6A); measured 2.51 mm long; non‒papillated region very short, extending to chaetiger 1 (Fig. 6A). Papillae short proximally but long for majority of length, elongate; proximally and medially with six rows of papillae and distally reducing to four rows. Achaetous segment as long as chaetiger 1 (Fig. 6A). Thoracic segments wider than long; chaetigers 1‒8 similar; parapodia biramous; notopodia and neuropodia similar, with low prechaetal lamellae and triangular postchaetal lamellae of similar size throughout thorax (Fig. 6B); notopodial lamellae distally smooth. Prechaetal superior processes (DML) and ventral digitiform lobes (VNL) absent in chaetigers 1‒8 (Fig. 6B). Chaetiger nine not distinctly reduced; notopodial prechaetal lamellae low, rounded, postchaetal lamellae triangular to elongate and longer than preceding thoracic chaetigers; superior processes (DML) absent (Fig. 6B). Neuropodia of chaetiger nine similar to notopodia. Additional ventral digitiform lobe (VNL) present on chaetiger nine, very discrete. Chaetae of thoracic chaetigers 1‒9 simple bilimbate capillaries; number of capillaries increasing towards posterior thorax, initially 8‒10 per rami increasing up to 20 per rami on chaetiger nine. Abdominal segments longer than thoracic ones. Abdominal parapodia with elongate lateral lamellae (Fig. 6B); DML and VML observed as discrete bumps on a few segments, immediately above and below hooded hooks. Abdominal chaetae tridentate hooded hooks of similar size throughout; two same-sized teeth above main fang (Fig. 6D); internal arcuate chaetae not observed. Hooks in two groups, main fangs vis–à–vis. Abdominal segments with 4‒5 hooks per ramus throughout. Lateral pouches (Σ and C configurations) not observed. Pygidium round, anal cirri not observed. All preserved specimens previously stained with Rose Bengal (see below). Methyl Green Staining. Methyl green staining pattern not obvious due to previously staining with Rose Bengal. Rose Bengal stain obvious as dark glandular regions on chaetigers 1‒4 and chaetigers 8‒9, dorsally (Fig. 7B) and chaetigers 2‒4 ventrally (Fig. 7C). Abdominal region with two lateral bands per segment, not forming a complete ring, not staining dorsally or ventrally (Fig. 7B, C). Remarks. The material collected from Guam agrees almost fully with the original description of Mortimer & Mackie (2006). The differences observed were in relation to a wider gap between the inner prostomial longitudinal ridges seen in the material from Guam and the presence of minute dorsal and ventral abdominal medial lobes, but these were not observed throughout the abdomen. In addition, the specimens examined herein presented discrete crenulations on the prostomial margin and crenulations have not been reported previously for this species (Mortimer & Mackie 2006; Mortimer et al. 2012). Other Magelona species lacking prostomial horns and specialized chaetae on chaetiger nine and having tridentate hooded hooks include M. alleni Wilson, 1958 and M. equilamellae Harmelin, 1964. These are different from M. symmetrica on the presence of distinct thoracic and abdominal pigmentation and unequal abdominal parapodial lamellae in M. alleni (Wilson 1958; Harmelin 1964). Mortimer et al. (2012) described specimens of M. symmetrica from the Arabian Gulf having pale reddish pigment in the posterior thoracic region not observed in the type material or in the specimens herein examined. Distribution. Magelona symmetrica was originally described from the Seychelles (Mortimer & Mackie 2006). Specimens identified as M. cf. symmetrica were collected in the Arabian Gulf (Mortimer et al. 2012). This is a new record of Magelona species from Guam in the Mariana Islands.Published as part of Magalhães, Wagner F., Bailey-Brock, Julie & Watling, Les, 2018, Four new species of Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae) from Easter Island, Guam and Hawaii, pp. 379-396 in Zootaxa 4457 (3) on pages 390-391, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/145787
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