4,365 research outputs found
Thermal conductivity in higher-order generalized hydrodynamics: characterization of nanowires of silicon and gallium nitride
No full textFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPEG - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁSCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOAn analysis of the influence of geometry and size on the thermal conductivity in semiconductors, particularized to the study in Si and GaN, is presented. This is done in the framework of a higher-order generalized hydrodynamics (HOGH) of phonons in semiconductors, driven away from equilibrium by external sources. This HOGH is derived by the method of moments from a generalized Peierls-Boltzmann kinetic equation built in the framework of a Non-Equilibrium Statistical Ensemble Formalism. We consider the case of wires (cylindrical geometry) exploring the effect of size (radius), particularly in the nanometric scale when comparison with experiment is done. Maxwell times, which are quite relevant to define the hydrodynamic movement, are evidenced and characterized. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.An analysis of the influence of geometry and size on the thermal conductivity in semiconductors, particularized to the study in Si and GaN, is presented. This is done in the framework of a higher-order generalized hydrodynamics (HOGH) of phonons in semiconductors, driven away from equilibrium by external sources. This HOGH is derived by the method of moments from a generalized Peierls-Boltzmann kinetic equation built in the framework of a Non-Equilibrium Statistical Ensemble Formalism. We consider the case of wires (cylindrical geometry) exploring the effect of size (radius), particularly in the nanometric scale when comparison with experiment is done. Maxwell times, which are quite relevant to define the hydrodynamic movement, are evidenced and characterized.605058FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPEG - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁSCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPEG - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁSCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOSem informaçãoSem informaçãoSem informaçãoCastelvecchi, D., Collins, G.P., Fischetti, M., Mirsky, S., Moyer, M., Musser, G., Soares, C., Wong, K., (2010) Scientific American, 302, pp. 68-73Cahill, D.G., Ford, W.K., Goodson, K.E., Mahan, G.D., Majumdar, A., Maris, H.J., Merlin, R., Phillpot, S.R., (2003) J. Appl. 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Ultrafast Phenomena In The Photoinjected Plasma In Semiconductors
No full textWe present general considerations and a summarized discussion of the question of the very rapid relaxation processes that follow in the photoinjected plasma in semiconductors, phenomena that can be experimentally studied via ultrafast laser spectroscopy.262543552Alfano, R.R., (1984) Semiconductors Probed by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy, 1-2. , Academic, New YorkAlfano, R.R., (1982) Biological Events Probed by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy, , Academic, New YorkAlfano, R.R., Frontier of Femtosecond and Picosecond Optical Measuring Techniques (1986) New Techniques and Ideas in Quantum Measurement Theory, 480. , edited by D.M. Greenberg Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, New YorkShank, C.V., (1984) Science, 219, p. 1027Brito Cruz, C.H., Fragnito, H.L., Fenômenos Ultra-Rápidos (1992) Notas de Física No. 3, , IFGW-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, BrasilLuzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Relaxation Processes in Nonequilibrium Semiconductor Plasma, 1, pp. 135-169. , Ref. 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Derivation In A Nonequilibrium Ensemble Formalism Of A Far-reaching Generalization Of A Quantum Boltzmann Theory
No full textWithin the framework of the nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism provided by the nonequilibrium statistical operator method, we derive a quantum Boltzmann-style transport theory of a broad scope. This is done by choosing the single- and two-particle dynamical density operators as the basic informational-statistical variables. The equations of evolution for their average values over the nonequilibrium ensemble, the nonequilibrium-reduced Dirac-Landau-Bogoliubov-type density matrices, are obtained. From the resulting generalized nonlinear quantum transport theory, after resorting to perturbative-like expansions, a far-reaching generalization of Boltzmann equation for the single-particle distribution function is derived. A type of traditional Boltzmann equation follows after using stringent approximations, whose limits of validity are evaluated.2841140160Lebowitz, L.L., Montroll, E.W., (1983) Studies in Statistical Mechanics X. Nonequilibrium Phenomena I: the Boltzmann Equation, , North-Holland, AmsterdamJaynes, E.T., (1986) Frontiers of Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics, pp. 33-55. , G.T. Moore, M.O. Scully (Eds.), Plenum, New YorkLuzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., (1990) Fortschr. Phys./Prog. Phys., 38, p. 887Luzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Ramos, J.G., A Non-equilibrium Statistical Ensemble Formalism: Basic Concepts, Construction, Application, Open Questions and Criticism, , http://xxx.lanl.gov/cond-mat/9909160Zubarev, D.N., (1974) Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics, Consultants Bureau, , New York, Neravnovesnaia Statisticheskaia Termodinamika, Izd. Nauka, Moscow, 1971Zubarev, D.N., (1970) Fortschr. Phys./Prog. Phys., 18, p. 125Zubarev, D.N., Morozov, V.N., Röpke, G., (1996) Statistical Mechanics of Nonequilibrium Processes, Vol. 1: Basic Concepts, Kinetic Theory, 1. , Akademie Verlag, BerlinZubarev, D.N., Morosov, V., Röpke, G., (1997) Statistical Mechanics of Nonequilibrium Processes Vol. 2: Relaxation and Hydrodynamic Processes, 2. , Akademie Verlag, BerlinAlgarte, A.C., Vasconcellos, A.R., (1992) R. Luzzi, Phys. Stat. Sol. (B), 173, p. 487Mesquita, M.V., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, p. 2008Madureira, J.R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1998) J. Chem. Phys., 108, p. 7568Madureira, J.R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Casas-Vázquez, J., Jou, D., (1998) J. Chem. Phys., 108, p. 7580Bogoliubov, N.N., (1967) Lectures in Quantum Statistics, 1-2. , Gordon and Breach, New York respectivelyFano, U., (1957) Rev. Mod. Phys., 29, p. 74Lauck, L., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1990) Physica A, 168, p. 789Akhiezer, A.I., Peletminskii, S.V., (1981) Methods of Statistical Physics, , Pergamon, OxfordLuzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Ramos, J.G., Foundations of a nonequilibrium ensemble formalism Fundamental Theories of Physics Series, , A. van. der Merwe (Ed.), Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, forthcomingBogoliubov, N.N., (1962) Studies in Statistical Mechanics I, , J. de Boer, G.E. Uhlenbeck (Eds.), North-Holland, AmsterdamLuzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Ramos, J.G., Statistical foundations of irreversible thermodynamics Texte Zur Physik Series, , W. Ebeling (Ed.), Teubner, Leipzig, in pressTenan, M.A., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1997) Forstchr. Phys./Prog. Phys., 47, p. 1Luzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Ramos, J.G., (1999) Fortschr. Phys./Prog. Phys., 47, p. 401Madureira, J., Vasconcellos, A., Luzzi, R., Lauck, L., (1998) Phys. Rev. E, 57, p. 3637Vasconcellos, A.R., Algarte, A.C., Luzzi, R., (1990) Physica A, 166, p. 517Huang, K., (1963) Statistical Mechanics, , Wiley, New York, 2nd enlarged Edition, 1987Kreuzer, H.J., (1981) Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics and Its Statistical Foundations, , Clarendon, OxfordLiboff, R.L., (1990) Kinetic Theory, , Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJBalescu, R., (1975) Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics, , Wiley-Interscience, New YorkHeims, S.P., Jaynes, E.T., (1962) Rev. Mod. Phys., 34, p. 143. , subsection b, pp. 148-150, and Appendix B, p. 164. (It should be noticed a misprint in the third line of their Eq. (B.1) which must end in xn-1)Ramos, J.G., Vasconcellos, A.R., Garcia-Colin, L.S., (1997) Braz. J. Phys., 27, p. 585Zwanzig, R., (1981) Perspectives in Statistical Physics, pp. 123-124. , H.J. Raveché (Ed.), North-Holland, AmsterdamVasconcellos, A.R., Algarte, A.C., Luzzi, R., (1996) Braz. J. Phys., 26, p. 543Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Garcia-Colin, L.S., (1991) Phys. Rev. A, 43, p. 6633Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Garcia-Colin, L.S., (1995) Physica A, 221, p. 495Luzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Esperidião, A.S., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 52, p. 5021Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Jou, D., Casas-Vázquez, J., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 52, p. 5030Lauck, L., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1992) Phys. Rev. B, 46, p. 615
Advances tools for occupational accidents data analysis for prevention purposes
No full textSafety, Reliability and Risk Analysis: Beyond the Horizon - Proceedings of the European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2013
2014, Pages 1595-1600
European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2013; Amsterdam; Netherlands; 29 September 2013 through 2 October 2013; Code 105005
Advances tools for occupational accidents data analysis for prevention purposes (Conference Paper)
Demichela, M.a, Baldissone, G.a, Luzzi, R.b
a Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
b INAIL, Direzione Regionale del Piemonte, Torino, Italy
View references (11)
Abstract
Data on occupational accidents are collected in large national databases for compensation authorities, but analysis of this data is hard to do. In fact this data are little used to develop a prevention policy. To avoid loosing the relevant information that could be embedded within this data we used an approach base on two levels. First level use Self-Organizing Map, methodology based on neural network, this algorithm analyzes multidimensional data and gives bidimensional results. To validate this methodology, identifying more critical events, hidden relations between root causes and prevention lessons, the proposed method has been applied to data collected by INAIL in Piemonte in years 2003/04/05 in metallurgical industry. The obtained results are shown in this paper
Propagation Of Thermal Perturbations In Photoinjected Plasma In Semiconductors: Second Sound Waves
No full textThe propagation of thermal perturbations in the carrier system in a highly photoexcited plasma in direct-gap polar semiconductors is considered. In a hydrodynamic approach based on the so-called informational statistical thermodynamics, an equation of evolution for the energy flux that extends the usual Fourier's constitutive equation is derived. In conjunction with the equation of evolution for the energy, a hyperbolic (telegraphist like) equation of evolution for the quasi-temperature is derived, that implies in damped wave propagation, corresponding to propagation of second sound. Numerical calculations appropriate for GaAs are presented, and the transition from wave to diffusive motion and the expected Raman spectrum are discussed. © 1994.905307310Pinczuk, Shah, Wolff, (1981) Phys. Rev. Lett., 47, p. 1487A.R. Vasconcellos, R. Luzzi, and A.S. Esperidião, Phys. Rev. B, submittedGuyer, Krumhansl, (1966) Phys. Rev., 148, p. 766Ashcroft, Mermin, (1976) Solid State Physics, , E.g., Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New YorkJoseph, Preziosi, (1990) Rev. Mod. Phys., 62, p. 375de Groot, Mazur, (1962) Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics, , North Holland, AmsterdamForster, (1975) Hydrodynamic Fluctuations, Broken Symmetry, and Correlation Functions, , Benjamin, Reading, MAMüller, Ruggeri, (1993) Extended Thermodynamics, , Springer, BerlinJou, Casas Vazquez, Lebon, (1993) Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics, , Springer, BerlinLuzzi, Vasconcellos, On the Nonequilibrium Statistical Operator Method (1990) Fortschritte der Physik/Progress of Physics, 38, p. 887. , E.gL.S. Garcia-Colin, A.R. Vasconcellos, and R. Luzzi, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.: issue in memory of J. Kestin, in the pressNettleton, (1989) J. Phys., 22 A, p. 5281Generalized Grad-type foundations for nonlinear extended thermodynamics (1990) Physical Review A, 42 A, p. 4622Vasconcellos, Luzzi, Garcia Colin, (1991) Phys. Rev., 43 A, p. 6622Vasconcellos, Luzzi, Garcia Colin, (1991) Phys. Rev., 43, p. 6633L.S. Garcia-Colin, A.R. Vasconcellos, and R. Luzzi, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.: issue in memory of J. Kestin, in the pressLauck, Vasconcellos, Luzzi, (1990) Physica, 168 A, p. 789Algarte, Vasconcellos, Luzzi, Kinetics of Hot Elementary Excitations in Photoexcited Polar Semiconductors (1992) physica status solidi (b), 173, p. 487Zubarev, (1974) Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics, , Consultants Bureau, New YorkGamkreludze, Modern Methods of the Statistical Theory of Nonequilibrium Processes (1980) Reviews of Science and Technology: Modern Problems of Mathematics, 15, pp. 131-226. , Izd. Nauka, MoscowJ. Soviet Phys. (1981) J. Soviet Phys., 16, p. 1509. , English TranslD.N. Zubarev, in reference 14a see Ch. IV, Section 25.1Kalashnikov, (1978) Theor. Math. Phys. (USSR), 34, p. 263. , alsoTomé, Vasconcellos, Luzzi, (1987) Physica, 144 B, p. 37
A Nonequilibrium Statistical Ensemble Formalism: Maxent-nesom: Basic Concepts, Construction, Application, Open Questions And Criticisms
No full textWe describe a particular approach for the construction of a nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism for the treatment of dissipative many-body systems. This is the so-called Nonequilibrium Statistical Operator Method, based on the seminal and fundamental ideas set forward by Boltzmann and Gibbs. The existing approaches can be unified under a unique variational principle, namely, MaxEnt, which we consider here. The main six basic steps that are at the foundations of the formalism are presented and the fundamental concepts are discussed. The associated nonlinear quantum kinetic theory and the accompanying Statistical Thermodynamics (the Informational Statistical Thermodynamics) are very briefly described. The corresponding response function theory for systems away from equilibrium allows to connected the theory with experiments, and some examples are summarized; there follows a good agreement between theory and experimental data in the cases in which the latter are presently available. We also present an overview of some conceptual questions and associated criticisms.142831893264Oreskes, N., Shrader-Frechette, K., Beltz, K., (1994) Science, 263, p. 641Penrose, O., (1979) Rep. Prog. Phys., 42, p. 1938Kubo, R., (1978) Prog. Theo. Phys., 64 (SUPPL.), p. 1Jaynes, E.T., (1986), pp. 33-55. , Frontiers of Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics, eds. G. T. Moore and M. O. Scully (Plenum, New York)Zwanzig, R., (1965), pp. 67-102. , Annual Review of Physical Chemistry Vol. 16 (Academic Press, New York)(1981), pp. 123-124. , Perspectives in Statistical Physics, ed. H. J. Raveché (North Holland, Amsterdam)Kirkwood, J.G., (1946) J. Chem. Phys., 14, p. 180Green, M.S., (1952) J. Chem. 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Steady-state Polarization Waves In Photoexcited N-doped Semiconductors
No full textWe show that, in n-doped semiconductors under continuous laser illumination the homogeneous steady-state of carriers becomes, in the degenerate regime, unstable against the formation of spatial order at the macroscopic level. Beyond a critical distance from equilibrium this nonequilibrium phase transition occurs, corresponding to the formation of a polarization wave of electrons and holes. It is the result of the interplay of collective and nonlinear dissipative effects in the far-from-equilibrium system. © 1990.749889892Nicolis, Prigogine, (1977) Self-Organization in Nonequilibrium Systems, , Wiley, New YorkHaken, (1978) Synergetics, , Springer, Berlin-HeidelbergTuring, The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis (1952) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 237 B, p. 37For a review of the NSOM and its applications see: R. Luzzi and A.R. Vasconcellos, Fortsch. Phys. No. 1, Band 39 (in press)(1985) Rev. Brasil. Fis., 15, p. 106. , also(1986) Rev. Brasil. Fis., 16, p. 495(1987) Rev. Brasil. Fis., 17, p. 601Zubarev, (1971) Neravnovesnaia Statisticheskaia Termodinamika, , Izd, Nauka, Moskwa(1974) Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics, , New YorkTomé, Vasconcellos, Luzzi, (1987) Physica, 144 B, p. 376Davies, (1962) Nonlinear Integral and Differential Equations, , Dover, New York, also in Ref. (1), Part II, Section 6For a review of the NSOM and its applications see: R. Luzzi and A.R. Vasconcellos, Fortsch. Phys. No. 1, Band 39 (in press)van Vechten, IMPORTANCE OF THE PLASMA TO PULSED LASER ANNEALING (1980) Le Journal de Physique Colloques, 41 C, p. 4. , Solid State Commun. 39 1981 1835A.S. Esperidião, A.R. Vasconcellos and R. Luzzi, Solid State Commun. (in press
Considerations Of Fröhlich's Bose-einstein-like Condensation
No full textThe so-called Fröhlich effect - consisting of a conjectured coherent behavior of boson-like excitations in biological and molecular polymers - is fully derived and analyzed in terms of a thermo-mechanical theory. This is the so-called informational statistical thermodynamics, based on a generalization of Gibbs statistical theory to systems far from equilibrium. Moreover, it is shown that when double (or multiple) processes of excitation of the boson system are possible there follows a positive-feedback phenomenon that greatly favors and enhances the effect. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.2382-3206211Eichwald, C.F., (1995) Phys. Lett. A, 207, p. 194Fröhlich, H., (1969) From Theoretical Physics to Biology, pp. 13-22. , M. Marois (Ed.), North-Holland, AmsterdamFröhlich, H., (1968) Int. J. Quantum Chem., 2, p. 641Fröhlich, H., (1970) Nature, 228, p. 1093Fröhlich, H., (1980) Adv. Electron. Electron Phys., 17, p. 85Mesquíta, M.V., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1993) Phys. Rev. E, 48, p. 4049Zubarev, D.N., (1971) Neravnovesnaia Statisticheskaia Termodinamika Nauka, Moscow(1974) Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics, , Consultants Bureau, New YorkZubarev, D.N., Morozov, V.N., Röpke, G., (1996) Statistical Mechanics of Nonequilibrium Processes, 1. , Basic Concepts, Kinetic Theory Akademie Verlag, BerlinLuzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., (1990) Fortschr. Phys., 38, p. 887Ramos, J.G., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1995) Fortschr. Phys., 43, p. 265Jaynes, E.T., Macroscopic prediction (1985) Complex Systems: Operational Approaches, , H. Haken (Ed.), Springer, BerlinJaynes, E.T., (1986) Frontiers of Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics, pp. 33-55. , G.T. Moore, M.O. Scully (Eds.), Plenum, New YorkAkhiezer, A.I., Peletminskii, S.V., (1981) Methods of Statistical Physics, , Pergamon, OxfordLauck, L., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1990) Physica A, 168, p. 789Hobson, A., (1966) J. Chem. Phys., 45, p. 1352Garcia-Colin, L.S., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1994) J. Nonequilib. Thermodyn., 19, p. 24Tenan, M.A., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1996) Fortschr. Phys., 47, p. 1Davydov, A.S., (1982) Biology and Quantum Mechanics, , Pergamon, OxfordScott, A.C., (1982) Phys. Rev. A, 26, p. 578Zubarev, D.N., Modern methods of the statistical theory of nonequilibrium processes (1980) Reviews of Science and Technology: Modern Problems of Mathematics, 16. , R.B. Gamkreludze (Ed.), Nauka, Moscow(1981) Sov. Math., 16, p. 1509(1991) R.E. Mills, Phys. Rev. A, 43, p. 3176Tuszyński, J.A., Paul, R., (1991) Phys. Rev. A, 43, p. 3179Bolterauer, H., Ludwig, L.A., (1993) Phys. Rev. E, 47, p. 2122Madureira, A.J., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Lauck, L., (1996) IFGW-Unicamp Internal Report, , future publicationScott, A.C., (1992) Phys. Rep., 217, p.
On The Selection Of The State Space In Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics
No full textWe address here the question of the choice and interpretation of state variables in the thermodynamical description of systems arbitrarily away from equilibrium. It is presented a discussion of the topic in the framework of informational statistical thermodynamics, an approach based on Gibbs algorithm for nonequilibrium dissipative systems, which provides mechano-statistical foundations to phenomenological theories of irreversible thermodynamics. The theory is applied in the case of a particular system consisting of the mobile carriers in a highly excited photo-injected plasma in semiconductors. The concepts and results thus obtained are tested against experimental data in time-resolved and time-integrated optical laser spectroscopy. It is shown how nonequilibrium thermodynamic variables are evidenced and measured in such experiments. 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