1,637 research outputs found
R&D policy evaluation: the effects of R&D subsidies in Italy
No full textIn a context of scarce resources, exacerbated by the economic crisis, financing investment and structural changes in slowly growing economies, such as Italy, is very challenging. It becomes fundamental to engage in evaluation exercises in order to understand what policies are working and for whom. The paper offers an evaluation exercise on the major instruments used to promote R&D and innovation activities of Italian firms. We concentrate in particular on the incentives provided by Law 46/82 (and revisions) and we look at the effects they have on firms expenditures on R&D and on new employment generation. Unlike previous studies, we consider the effects of such incentives also when other similar policies are at work. We also look at the effects for different subgroups of firms. Results suggest that a rethinking of the system of incentives would be appropriate to limit an inefficient overlapping of instruments. They also highlight that the additionality of R&D investment is verified for some categories of firms. Starting from these results, further and continuous research is needed on this subject, in order to build a robust set of evidence to inform the policy making process
R&D policy evaluation: a case study on Law 46/1982 in Italy.
No full textEven in the context of neo-classical theory, characterized by a strong trust in the virtues of the free market, the need for a policy intervention in the field of research and innovation is theorized, because of the presence of market failures.
In the contemporary context of economic and public finance crisis, on one side there is a strong need to boost the industrial productivity through investment in research and technology; on the other side the public budget constraints call for
prudency. In this context the need for systematic evaluations of public incentives to firms is particularly strong. In this context, the paper offers an evaluation exercise on the major instruments used to promote R&D and innovation activities of Italian firms.
The analysis concentrates in particular on the incentives offered by Law 46/1982 (and revisions) and their effects on firms expenditures and employment in R&D.
The Law represents the main national funding program as well as the longest lasting single instrument for technology and innovation promotion, although revisions of the Law have occurred. In addition to Law 46/1982, Italian firms
have the chance to benefit from a larger span of public subsidies, particularly at the regional and local level. This makes the counterfactual question of “what would have happened without the policy” particularly interesting since it is likely, and this is confirmed by the data, that firms that do not access to the
incentives of Law 46/82 benefit from other sources of public financing. Therefore it is particularly important to consider the effects of Law 46/82 not just in the hypothetical situation of complete absence of policy intervention, but also when other similar laws are at work. For this reason besides the difference-in-difference estimation, the paper
analyses the effects of Law 46/1982 through a difference-in-difference-indifference model, which allows to verify whether the interaction between different kinds of incentives has a multiplicative or a substitutive effect.
The paper also addresses another typical aspect of evaluation studies: the average effect of the policy normally retrieved seems to be not sufficiently informative, especially in a country characterized by a marked territorial economic dualism
(Centre-North vs. South) and by a strong presence of small-medium firms, with profoundly different characteristics from large firms. In other words the effects of the policy instrument might vary substantially among firms. Therefore the
paper takes explicitly into consideration the different effect of the incentives on different sectors (according to Pavitt classification), on different size of firms and in different zones of the country. The database used for the analysis is the Capitalia Survey (former Mediocredito Centrale). Data are obtained from three
consecutives surveys for a total of nine years starting from 1995 to 2003
Incentivi alla Ricerca & Sviluppo in Italia: una indagine sugli effetti della Legge 46/82
No full textThe current economic crisis has put government intervention at the centre of the debate on industrial growth and economic development. Government efforts to stimulate a structural change of Italian industries are needed, and in this context it becomes fundamental to recognise the crucial role that policy evaluation can have and engage in evaluation exercises in order to understand what policies are working. The paper offers an evaluation exercise on the major policy instruments used to promote R&D and innovation within Italian firms. We concentrate in particular on Law 46/82 and we look at the effects of the incentives it provides on firms R&D expenditures and on new employment generation. We also consider the effects of such incentives when other similar laws are at work. Results suggest that a rethinking of the system of incentives might be needed to limit an inefficient overlapping of instruments
The tradeoff between growth and redistribution: ELIE in an overlapping generations model
No full texteducation, growth, redistribution, Kolm
Projectile vomiting and Valsalva-like abdominal contractions as an uncommon presentation of supraventricular tachycardia in an infant
No full textParoxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is a prevalent pediatric arrhythmia. Neonatal and infantile-onset presentation is unspecific, thus making differential diagnosis essential in not delaying crucial intervention. We here describe the case of an undetected PSVT in an infant performing repeated abdominal contractions, thus presenting with projectile vomiting. At an early stage of tachycardia, infants are probably able to unconsciously attempt and succeed to terminate acute episodes by strengthening vagal stimulation in the form of Valsalva-like abdominal contractions, but only up to a point. As PSVT progresses, heart failure may develop. Early recognition and treatment are therefore required to minimize negative outcomes
"Indagine sugli effetti delle politiche di coesione sull’innovazione dei territori italiani", presentazione effettuata nel XIV Workshop c.MET05, 8-9 giugno 2017, Ferrara.
No full textValutazione degli effetti delle politiche di coesione europee (FESR e FSE) e nazionali (PAC e FSC) sulle performance innovative dei territor
Cardiorespiratory fitness: a comparison between children with renal transplantation and children with congenital solitary functioning kidney
No full textChildren with end-stage renal disease are known to have a cardiorespiratory fitness significantly reduced. This isconsidered to be an independent index predictive of mortality mainly due to cardiovascular accidents. The effectsof renal transplantation on cardiorespiratory fitness are incompletely known. We compared the maximal oxygenuptake (VO2 max) of children with a functioning renal transplant with that of children with congenital solitaryfunctioning kidney, taking into consideration also the amount of weekly sport activity
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