23,923 research outputs found
The best eight years yet : the Liberal government reports to the people
No full textThe Best Eight Years Yet The Liberal Government Reports to the People"Manifesto of the Liberal Party", signed : Joseph R. Smallwoo
The Flight from the Liberal Party: Liberals who joined Labour, 1914-31
No full textFrom 1914 to 1931, many of those previously active
in Liberal politics defected to Labour. Why did so many Liberals switch their political allegiance
(‘almost like changing one’s religion’, as one
Liberal MP observed) and abandon their party, which had been in office, or coalition government, from 1906 to 1922, to enlist with the fledgling
Labour Party? And how far, if at all, did their presence influence Labour’s development during a
key period of political realignment in British
politics? Professor John Shepherd examines the histor
El liberal en contra del servil F. R.
No full textResponse to pamphlets signed F. R., which comment on the paper 'El amante de la constitucion', signed A. R., and the proclamation and re-establishment of the 1812 liberal Spanish Constitution in March 1820 by Ferdinand VII. See also 9770.bb.1.(19.
'Defensive liberal wars' : the global war on terror and the return of illiberalism in American foreign policy
No full textThis paper offers an analysis of the illiberal practices and discourse of the Global War on Terror (GWoT) and demonstrates how the United States of America used the liberal argument as a qualitative metric of its success and failure in the GWoT. I argue that 'the othering' of Salafi Jihadists as well the full military involvement in Afghanistan and Iraq were both philosophically rooted in the liberal thinking of Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill, which have traditionally guided US foreign policy. More significantly, these liberal philosophies of history and international relations hold within them the seeds of illiberalism by depicting non-liberal, undemocratic societies/organisations as 'barbaric' - and as such prime candidates for intervention and regime change. Predicated upon this logic, the discourse of the GWoT framed Al Qaeda as a key existential threat to not only the United States but also the 'civilised world' in general and one which required a 'liberal defensive war' in response. It was the successful securitisation of Al Qaeda that essentially enabled the United States to adopt deeply illiberal policies to counter this so-called existential threat by using any means at its disposal.Peer reviewe
Visiting Author: Brittany Perham
No full textBrittany Perham, winner of the Barnard Women Poets Prize for her book Double Portrait, will read selections from her work and answer questions. Introduced by Professor Amy LemmonSponsored by English & Communication Studies Department of the School of Liberal Art
Returning culture to peacebuilding : contesting the liberal peace in Sierra Leone
No full textThis thesis investigates the advantages and limitations of applying culture to the analysis of violent conflict and peacebuilding, with a particular focus on liberal peacebuilding in Sierra Leone. While fully aware of the critique of the concept of culture in terms of its uses for the production of difference and ‘otherness,’ it also seeks to respond to the critique of liberal peacebuilding on the account of its low sensitivity towards local culture, which allegedly undermines the peace effort. After a careful examination of the terms of discussion about culture enabled by theoretical approaches to conflict in Chapter 2, the thesis presents a theoretical framework for the analysis of cultural aspects of conflict and peace based on the processes and effects of meaning-generation (Chapter 3), developing the conceptual apparatus and vocabulary for the subsequent empirical study. Instead of bracketing out the recursive nature of cultural theorising, the developed approach embraces the recursive dynamics which arise as a result of cultural ‘embeddedness’ of the analyst and the processes which s/he seeks to elucidate, mirroring similar dynamics in the cultural production of meaning and knowledge. The framework of ‘embedded cultural enquiry’ is then used to analyse the practices of liberal peacebuilding as a particular culture, which shapes the interaction of the liberal peace with its ‘subjects’ and critics as well as framing its reception of the cultural problematic generally (Chapter 4). The application of the analytical framework to the case study investigates the interaction between the liberal peace and ‘local culture,’ offering an alternative reading of the conflict and peace process in Sierra Leone (Chapter 5). The study concludes that a greater attention to cultural meaning-making offers a largely untapped potential for peacebuilding, although any decisions with regard to its deployment will inevitably be made from within an inherently biased cultural perspective
Characterizing minimal semantics-preserving slices of predicate-linear, free, liberal program schemas
No full textThis is a preprint version of the article - Copyright @ 2011 ElsevierA program schema defines a class of programs, all of which have identical statement structure, but whose functions and predicates may differ. A schema thus defines an entire class of programs according to how its symbols are interpreted. A subschema of a schema is obtained from a schema by deleting some of its statements. We prove that given a schema S which is predicate-linear, free and liberal, such that the true and false parts of every if predicate satisfy a simple additional condition, and a slicing criterion defined by the final value of a given variable after execution of any program defined by S, the minimal subschema of S which respects this slicing criterion contains all the function and predicate symbols ‘needed’ by the variable according to the data dependence and control dependence relations used in program slicing, which is the symbol set given by Weiser’s static slicing algorithm. Thus this algorithm gives predicate-minimal slices for classes of programs represented by schemas satisfying our set of conditions. We also give an example to show that the corresponding result with respect to the slicing criterion defined by termination behaviour is incorrect. This complements a result by the authors in which S was required to be function-linear, instead of predicate-linear.This work was supported by a grant from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Grant EP/E002919/1
Decidability of Strong Equivalence for Subschemas of a Class of Linear, Free, near-Liberal Program Schemas
No full textIn this paper we introduce
near-liberal schemas, in which this non-repeating condition applies only to terms
not having the form g() for a constant function symbol g. Given a schema S that is
linear (no function or predicate symbol occurs more than once in S) and a variable v,
we compute a set of function and predicate symbols in S which is a subset of those
de�ned by Weiser's slicing algorithm and prove that if for every while predicate
q in S and every constant assignment w := g(); lying in the body of q, no other
assignment to w also lies in the body of q, our smaller symbol set de�nes a correct
subschema of S with respect to the �nal value of v after execution. We also prove
that if S is also free (every path through S is executable) and near-liberal, it is
decidable which of its subschemas are strongly equivalent to S. For the class of
pairs of schemas in which one schema is a subschema of the other, this generalises
a recent result in which S was required to be linear, free and liberal.
Development and the Liberal Peace
No full textAccording to the liberal peace proposition, pairs of democratic states and pairs of states with extensive trade ties are more peaceful than other pairs of states, and democratic states are also more peaceful internally than other regime types. This article reviews the recent literature on the liberal peace, and proceeds to review the literature on how factors assoiciated with socio-economic development are related to democratization, democratic stability, and to the risk of war. Based on this review and a set of recent empirical studies, it argues that development is a precondition for the liberal peace.
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The liberal ethics of non-interference and the Pareto principle
No full textWe analyse the liberal ethics of noninterference applied to social choice. A liberal principle capturing noninterfering views of society and inspired by John Stuart Mill's conception of liberty, is examined. The principle captures the idea that society should not penalise agents after changes in their situation that do not affect others. An impossibility for liberal approaches is highlighted: every social decision rule that satisfies unanimity and a general principle of noninterference must be dictatorial. This raises some important issues for liberal approaches in social choice and political philosophy
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