1,721,013 research outputs found
The dynamics of pharmaceutical regulation and R&D investments. WP Series University of Verona Department of Economics (ISSN 2036-2919), 4/2012
No full textThe paper uses a real option approach to investigate the potential impact of performance-based risk-sharing agreements for the reimbursement of new drugs in comparison with standard cost-effectiveness thresholds. The results show that the exact definition of the risk-sharing agreement is key in determining its economic effects. In particular, despite the concerns expressed by some authors, the incentive for a firm to invest in R&D may be the same or even greater than under cost-effectiveness thresholds, if the agreement is sufficiently mild in defining the conditions under which the product is not (fully) reimbursed to the firm. In this case, patients would benefit from earlier access to innovations. The price for this is less value for money for
the insurer at the time of adoption of the innovation
Tra economia e psicologia: recenti sviluppi nell’analisi della relazione medico-paziente
No full textUna parte rilevante della letteratura di economia sanitaria si è occupata dell’analisi della relazione fra il medico ed il suo paziente e di un aspetto cruciale di tale relazione: l’asimmetria informativa che esiste tra i due agenti economici. L’approccio usato nella letteratura teorica per studiare questa interazione strategica è mutato nel tempo ed oggi considera anche alcuni aspetti legati alla psicologia del paziente. L’attuale interesse per i sentimenti di anticipazione del paziente permette di tener
conto sia del cambiamento dei bisogni di quest’ultimo, sia degli effetti dell’accresciuta diffusione e disponibilità
di informazione sanitaria. Questo lavoro analizza l’evoluzione dell’approccio economico usato per studiare la relazione tra medico e paziente. I principali risultati di questa letteratura e alcune implicazioni in termini di politica economica sanitaria sono presentati e discussi
Emotions in Physician Agency
No full textTwo ingredients seem essential in understanding the patient–physician relationship: (i) the physician’s informational advantage
and (ii) the relevance of the patient’s emotions. Health economics has placed great emphasis on the first phenomenon, whereas the second has been considered only recently, that is with the growth of fields of analysis such as Economics and Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, and few investigations have been undertaken. In this article, we survey and discuss the important changes of perspective which the theory that studies the patient–physician relationship has undergone over time.We focus, in particular,on the attitude of patients towards health information and on the role of patient information in physician agency
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Drug Prices and Incentives to Innovation by the Pharmaceutical IndustryPharmaceutical Prices in the 21st Century
No full textAbstract In the recent past, pharmaceutical expenditure has been steadily increasing, but the productivity of the sector - measured as the number of New Molecular Entities (NMEs) has been decreasing. In this chapter we review and analyse the price regulation policies that are currently used by regulators worldwide and we will describe the salient features of these policies from a public health point of view. We will also discuss this in terms of their impact on innovation
Tax evasion and uncertainty in a dynamic context
No full textWe study optimal dynamic compliance decisions in an uncertain environment. Contrary to the static literature, greater uncertainty affects consumption, not the optimal tax evasion rule. Thus, audit and sanctions rather than fiscal uncertainty should be used to control tax evasion
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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