55 research outputs found
Ecological Risks from Agricultural Land Treated with Biosolids
No full textAuthor Institution (Arvai and Basta): School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University; Author Institution (Lanno): Department of Entomology, The Ohio State Universit
5 ans MPLS-Alsace | Entretien avec Virginie Lanno
No full textC’est en janvier 2016 que Virginie LANNO a intégré l’équipe de la Maison pour la science en Alsace. En poste depuis un an et demi maintenant en tant qu’assistante de direction, elle œuvre pour la gestion financière et administrative de la Maison. Peu de temps après son arrivée, Virginie a participé à l’organisation d’un événement particulier dont elle se souvient parfaitement : l’Ecole interdisciplinaire d’automne lors de laquelle l’interdisciplinarité a été mise à l’honneur. Ce séminaire a r..
Meaning of free intraperitoneal fluid in small-bowel obstruction: preliminary results using high-frequency microsonography in a rat model
No full textOBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was to detect the onset, evolution, and meaning of extraluminal free fluid in a rat model of small-bowel obstruction using high-frequency microsonography.
METHODS:
Small-bowel obstruction was surgically created in 8 rats divided into 2 groups of 4 rats each. All rats were examined by high-frequency microsonography to monitor the evolution of small-bowel obstruction and the abdominal sonographic findings. In group 2 rats, the obstruction was resolved 2 hours after surgery.
RESULTS:
In all rats, free peritoneal fluid was detected just near the obstructed loop after 1 hour and in the hepatorenal recess after 2 hours. These features progressively increased in the following hours in group 1 rats. In group 2, the amount of free fluid decreased shortly after removing the obstruction.
CONCLUSIONS:
Free fluid is an early finding in small-bowel obstruction, and the increase or decrease of its amount is correlated with the worsening or resolution of the obstruction
HPLC determination of plasma thiocyanate concentrations in fish blood: application to laboratory pharmacokinetic and field-monitoring studies
No full textThe pharmacokinetics of thiocyanate (SCN-) in the blood plasma of 35-g rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were followed during a 20-day exposure to 39.8 mg SCN- liter-1 and the subsequent 16-day depuration period. SCN- concentrations were determined by reverse-phase HPLC. Kinetic constants were estimated using a one-compartment first-order kinetic model fitted to the data by the computer programs BIOFAC and SYSTAT. The respective BIOFAC and SYSTAT estimates for the uptake rate constant (k1, 0.55 and 0.49 day-1), the depuration rate constant (k2, 0.34 and 0.29 day-1), and the bioconcentration factor (BCF, 1.61 and 1.66) were similar for both methods of calculation. Field studies were conducted to determine the impact of SCN- on white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) populations in waters receiving SCN(-)-bearing effluents. The assessment was based on SCN- concentrations in water and fish plasma, and the thyroid histology of the fish. Although SCN- was detected in the water at one site, no SCN- was detected in fish plasma and none of the thyroid pathology characteristic of chronic SCN- exposure was present. The results suggest that SCN- was not a hazard to the white sucker populations studied.LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 7805381; 0 (Thiocyanates); 0 (Water Pollutants); 302-04-5 (thiocyanate); ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
Bioaccumulation of PCBs and their hydroxy and sulfonated metabolites in earthworms: Comparing lab and field results
No full textSulfonated and hydroxy-sulfonated PCBs were recently discovered by our group as new PCB soil contaminants, constituting about 1% of their parent compounds in soil. Here we investigate for the first time the bioaccumulation of these metabolites as well as hydroxy-PCBs and native PCBs in earthworms. A sequence of three experiments, at increasing complexity and ecological realism, were performed with four different earthworm species (Eisenia foetida Savigny, Lumbricus terrestris L, Allolobophora chlorotica Savigny and Aporrectodea caliginosa Savigny) exposed to contaminated soils. The first experiment confirmed that when exposing earthworms to soil contaminated with a single hexa-chlorinated congener (PCB 155), no formation of polar metabolites in earthworms could be detected. This allowed to plan the following two experiments, using a soil from a PCB contaminated site and rich in relatively high levels (10–130 μg kg−1) of hydroxy-, sulfonated-, and hydroxy-sulfonated-PCBs. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were then obtained in the second and third experiments, to compare the accumulation behavior of these chemicals in laboratory and natural conditions. Regressions between BAF/BCF and Log Kow/Log D, produced a variety of results, being generally significant between BCF and PCBs and not significant in the other cases. In general, the metabolites accumulated in earthworms with detectable concentrations in their tissues (8–115 μg kg−1), although sulfonated and hydroxy-sulfonated PCBs showed BAF and BCF values lower (up to two orders of magnitude) than those calculated for the parent PCBs, given their lower lipophilicity
Effect of total body lipid on the toxicity and toxicokinetics of pentachlorophenol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
No full textSource type: Print(0
Copper metabolism and gut morphology in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during chronic sublethal dietary copper exposure
No full textJuvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to 11 (control), 300 (medium), and 1000 mug Cu.g(1) (high) (as CuSO(4)5H(2)O) in the diet for 28 days at a daily ration of 4% wet body weight, with a background waterborne Cu concentration of 3 mug.L-1. There was no effect of dietary Cu on growth, condition factor, or food conversion efficiency. Whole-body Cu content increased continuously over the exposure period in all groups and was twofold and fourfold higher than controls at day 28 for the medium- and high-Cu diets, respectively. Copper accumulated mainly in liver and gut tissue, with the latter stabilizing by day 14. Accumulation also occurred in gill, kidney, and carcass. Plasma Cu concentration was not different from the controls whereas Cu in bile was greatly elevated, an indication of increased hepatobiliary excretion. Dietary Cu pre-exposure decreased the uptake of waterborne Cu across the gills, providing the first evidence of homeostatic interaction between the two routes of uptake. Electron microscopic observations of the midintestine revealed numerous mitochondria, lysosomes, lamellated bodies, and extensive lamellar processes in the enterocytes. Apoptosis, mitosis, and eosinophilic granule cells were more apparent in Cu-exposed fish.PT: J; CR: BERNTSSEN MHG, 1999, AQUAT TOXICOL, V46, P87 CAMPBELL HA, 1999, AQUAT TOXICOL, V46, P177 COLMAN JR, 1979, SCANNING ELECT MICRO, V11, P801 CRESPO S, 1986, J FISH BIOL, V28, P68 DALLINGER R, 1985, OECOLOGIA, V67, P82 DALLINGER R, 1987, OECOLOGIA, V73, P91 EZEASOR DN, 1980, J FISH BIOL, V17, P529 FARAG AM, 1994, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V13, P2021 GATLIN DM, 1986, AQUACULTURE, V54, P277 GROSELL M, 2000, IN PRESS AM J PHYSL GROSELL MH, 1997, AQUAT TOXICOL, V38, P257 GROSELL MH, 1998, AQUAT TOXICOL, V40, P275 GUASTADISEGNI C, 1999, J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A, V57, P415 HANDY RD, 1992, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V22, P74 HANDY RD, 1993, AQUAT TOXICOL, V27, P1 HANDY RD, 1996, TOXICOLOGY AQUATIC P, P29 HANDY RD, 1999, AQUAT TOXICOL, V47, P23 HUGHES GM, 1984, FISH PHYSIOL, V10, P1 JULSHAMN K, 1988, AQUACULTURE, V73, P143 LANNO RP, 1985, AQUACULTURE, V49, P257 LANNO RP, 1987, AQUAT TOXICOL, V10, P251 LULLMANNRAUCH R, 1979, LYSOSOMES APPLIED BI, V6, P49 MACRAE RK, 1999, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V18, P1180 MARR JCA, 1996, AQUAT TOXICOL, V36, P17 MCDONALD DG, 1993, FISH ECOPHYSIOLOGY, P270 MILLER PA, 1993, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V50, P1683 MOUNT DR, 1994, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V13, P2031 MURAI T, 1981, AQUACULTURE, V22, P352 NONNOTTE L, 1986, CELL TISSUE RES, V243, P619 OGINO C, 1980, NIPPON SUISAN GAKK, V46, P455 TAYLOR LN, 2000, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V19, P2298 WEIS P, 1986, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V65, P167 WOLF K, 1963, PROGRE FISH CULT, V25, P135 WOOD CM, 1992, AQUAT TOXICOL, V22, P239 WOODWARD DF, 1994, T AM FISH SOC, V123, P51 WOODWARD DF, 1995, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V52, P1994; NR: 36; TC: 24; J9: CAN J FISHERIES AQUAT SCI; PG: 13; GA: 399WRSource type: Electronic(1
Use of school surroundings and regional natural and historical areas for outdoor education on the example of Rae municipality schools
No full textMagistritöö
Loodusturismi õppekavalEestit teatakse mitmekesise looduse poolest, samuti ka kui kõrgelt hinnatud haridust
võimaldavat riiki. Hariduse kontekstis on suund kaasaegsele õpikäsitusele, mille
märksõnadeks on õpilase autonoomia toetamine, koostöine õppimine ja konstruktivistlik
teadmuskäsitlus, millest lähtuvalt on oluliseks aspektiks õuesõpe mis toetab kaasaegset
õpikäsitust. Õuesõppe teema aktuaalsuse tõttu püstitas töö autor eesmärgiks, uurida
õuesõppe kasutust Rae valla koolide lähiümbruses ja piirkonna loodus- ning
kultuuriväärtuslikes paikades ja õuesõppe ainevaldkonniti kasutatavust ning
õppemeetodite rakendatavust õuesõppes. Töö eesmärgi saavutamiseks tuvastati Rae valla
loodus– ning kultuuriväärtuslikud paigad, teoreetilises ülevaates kirjeldatakse õuesõpet ja
õuesõppe õpikeskkonna kriteeriume, mille alusel viidi aladel ja koolide ümbruses läbi
paikvaatlus. Perioodil 28.01.2020 – 10.02.2020 viidi läbi ankeetküsitlus Rae valla koolide
õpetajate seas õuesõppe kasutamise kohta. Uuringu tulemustest selgus, et õuesõppe
õppekeskkonnana kasutatakse kõige rohkem kooli lähiümbrust, eeskätt kooli hoovi ja
staadionit. Kasutust leiavad ka koolidest eemal asuvad loodus- ja kultuurivärtuslikud
paigad. Ainevaldkonna põhiselt kasutatakse õuesõpet kõige rohkem loodusainetes,
vähem matemaatika, eesti keele ja kehalise kasvatuse tundides. Enamik õpetajaid kasutab
õuesõpet kord trimestris. Õppemeetodite kasutatavus on mitmekülgne, muuhulgas on
kaasatud aktiivõppe meetodid.Estonia is wellknown for its diverse nature, as well as a country that provides highly
valued education. In the context of education, the trend is towards a modern approach to
learning, which keywords are support of student autonomy, collaborative learning and
constructivist knowledge, based on which aimportant aspect is outdoor learning that
supports a modern approach to learning. It is a relevant topic and therefore the author
considered it important to study the immediate surroundings of Rae municipality schools
and the use of natural- and cultural sites in the area as an outdoor learning environment,
focusing also on the subjects taught and the teaching methods used. The aim of the
master`s thesis is to study real use of outdoor learning in the vicinity of schools and in the
natural- and cultural places of the region, as well as the usability and applicability of
teaching methods based on subjects. To achieve the goal, the author collected theoretical
data about natural- and cultural sites of Rae municipality, observed the immediate
surroundingsschools and natural and cultural sites of the region in the period of September
2019 to April 2020 and conducted a survey among the pedagogical staff of schools. The
results of the survey revealed that the immediate vicinity of the school, especially the
school yard and stadium is used the most as an outdoor learning environment. Natural and
cultural sites away from schools are also used. Based on the subject area, outdoor
education is mostly used in natural subjects, less in matematics, estonian language and
physical. Most teachers uses outdoor once a trimester. The usability of learning methods
is versatile, active learning methods are included among other things
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