1,721,465 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Prolonged duration local anesthesia with lipid-protein-sugar particles containing bupivacaine and dexamethasone
No full textPurpose: Bupivacaine-loaded lipid-protein-sugar particles (LPSPs) can provide prolonged duration local anesthesia. Here, we examine the effect of composition on LPSPs long-term biocompatibility. We also investigate whether the block-prolonging effects of dexamethasone, seen for other local anesthetic-loaded microparticles, apply to LPSPs.
Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given sciatic nerve blocks with 75 mg of 3 or 60% (w/w) dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) spray-dried LPSPs containing 10% (w/w) bupivacaine and 0, 0.05, or 0.1% (w/w) dexamethasone. Neurobehavioral testing was performed to evaluate block duration. Nerves were harvested to assess biocompatibility.
Results: Dexamethasone-free LPSPs produced sensory blocks lasting 301 ± 56 and 321 ± 127 min for 3 and 60% (w/w) DPPC particles, respectively, with no significant difference. However, large particle debris and acute inflammation were seen in animals receiving the more hydrophobic formulation at 1 and 4 days after injection, whereas only mild inflammation occurred in the 3% DPPC group. When 0.05% (w/w) dexamethasone was added, durations of block increased to 610 ± 182 and 538 ± 222 min, respectively. Higher dexamethasone resulted in no further improvement. Dexamethasone reduced inflammation at day 1 in both groups. In all cases, inflammation was largely resolved by two weeks.
Conclusions: Reduction in DPPC content greatly improved the biocompatibility of bupivacaine-loaded LPSPs, without affecting duration of block. Dexamethasone almost doubled the duration of nerve block, while maintaining particles’ excellent biocompatibility
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Effect of excipient composition on the biocompatibility of bupivacaine-containing microparticles at the sciatic nerve
No full textMicroparticulate formulations are often used for experimental prolongation of nerve blockade. Here we examine the effect of excipient composition on the biocompatibility of bupivacaine-containing microparticles. Lipid-protein- sugar particles (LPSPs) composed of 3% (1.3 micron diameter) and 60% (4.7 micron diameter) (w/w) dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were produced by spray drying, containing 10% (w/w) bupivacaine. Rat sciatic nerve blocks with 75 mg of particles produced statistically similar durations of sensory nerve block [3% (w/w) DPPC particles: 301 min; 60% (w/w) DPPC particles: 321 min]. Examination of tissues 1 day after injection revealed large particle deposits and acute inflammation in animals that received 60% (w/w) DPPC particles. There were no visible deposits in those that received 3% (w/w) DPPC particles, and microscopic inflammation was reduced. The difference between groups was similar 4 days after injection. Two weeks after injection, there was no particulate mass in either group, and inflammation had largely resolved. In both groups, moderately severe myotoxicity was seen 1 and 4 days after injection but had largely resolved by 2 weeks. In summary, reduction in particles’ DPPC content greatly improved biocompatibility without compromising duration of nerve blockade; the improvement was probably attributable to the enhanced rate of particle resorption
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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