375 research outputs found
Proposed design of new township at Salamaua, Territory of New Guinea [cartographic material].
No full textInset: Proposed road designs [cross sections]; Map 236 from Ferguson Collection.; Signatures: K.L. Spinks, M.W. [Bergim], Lic. Surveyors, [illegible] District engineer ; [G. Ross Reid] Director of Works ; W. Ramsay McNicoll, Administrator.; Surveyors plan for new town at Salamaua, on Samoa Harbour, New Guinea. Shows layout of administrative, business, residential and recreation areas ; Chinatown and sites for a European hospital ; Native hospital, compound, gaol and police barracks ; and aerodrome.; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-f236
Recording of electromyogram activity in the monkey during skilled grasping
No full textThis chapter provides a brief presentation of the available techniques for electromyogram (EMG) recordings in the awake monkey using chronically implanted electrodes. We illustrate how this technique can be used for the analysis of the monkey's motor behavior during dexterous grasp. We also investigate how the grasp specificity of EMG activity can be related to the activity of a population of pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) recorded from the hand area of the primary motor cortex (M1).: Introduction: The ability to grasp and manipulate objects of various sizes and shapes is essential for a large range of human activities. The debilitating loss of skilled hand movements following stroke, spinal injury and many other pathological disorders results in a marked loss of autonomy for the affected patient. The characteristic structure of the human hand provides this organ with a unique combination of motor and sensory capacities that underpin the control of manual dexterity. The anatomy of the hand includes some 27 different bones, and some 39 different muscles located either in the forearm (extrinsic muscles) or in the hand itself (intrinsic muscles; Tubiana, 1981). Special features of bony structures in the hand contribute directly to dexterity, and are important for rotation of the human thumb during precision grip (Tallis, 2004). The muscular control of the multi-articulate hand presents some demanding biomechanical solutions
Simultaneous recording of macaque premotor and primary motor cortex neuronal populations reveals different functional contributions to visuomotor grasp
No full textSimultaneous recording of macaque premotor and primary motor cortex neuronal populations reveals different functional contributions to visuomotor grasp. J Neurophysiol 98: 488-501, 2007. First published February 28, 2007; doi: 10.1152/ jn.01094.2006. To understand the relative contributions of primary motor cortex ( M1) and area F5 of the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) to visually guided grasp, we made simultaneous multiple electrode recordings from the hand representations of these two areas in two adult macaque monkeys. The monkeys were trained to fixate, reach out and grasp one of six objects presented in a pseudorandom order. In M1 326 task- related neurons, 104 of which were identified as pyramidal tract neurons, and 138 F5 neurons were analyzed as separate populations. All three populations showed activity that distinguished the six objects grasped by the monkey. These three populations responded in a manner that generalized across different sets of objects. F5 neurons showed object/grasp related tuning earlier than M1 neurons in the visual presentation and premovement periods. Also F5 neurons generally showed a greater preference for particular objects/ grasps than did M1 neurons. F5 neurons remained tuned to a particular grasp throughout both the premovement and reach-to-grasp phases of the task, whereas M1 neurons showed different selectivity during the different phases. We also found that different types of grasp appear to be represented by different overall levels of activity within the F5-M1 circuit. Altogether these properties are consistent with the notion that F5 grasping-related neurons play a role in translating visual information about the physical properties of an object into the motor commands that are appropriate for grasping, and which are elaborated within M1 for delivery to the appropriate spinal machinery controlling hand and digit muscles
Morphological traits and sex ratios of Acanthochromis polyacanthus F2 generation in present-day and elevated temperatures
No full textPlease see the associated publication on why and how this data was collected and analysed: Spinks, R.K., Donelson, J.M., Bonzi, L.C., Ravasi, T. & Munday, PL. (2022) Parents Exposed to Warming Produce Offspring Lower in Weight and Condition. Ecology and Evolution.
This data publication contains the dataset and a R script for the above publication
Vernon soccer team, champions of the Interior B.C. soccer tournament 1899-1900
No full textB (L-R): Mr. Cryderman, R. Spinks, Maurice Cochrane, May, R. Jackson, Mr. Lupton, Mr. Baker, K. Taylor. F (L-R): W. Marpole, A. Cochrane, E.S. Jackson, Mr. Duncan, Mr. Stanley
Group at W.W. II Victory Loan dinner
No full textS. Warren, D. Browne, Mrs. Dewolfe, Jack Wood, D. Peers, J. Copithorne, R. McDowell, J. Monk, Mrs. Batten, Bulman, P. Stirling, R. Murdoch, H. Denison, Dave Kinloch, M. Pepper, W. Wicks, W. Bennett, L. Pope, D. Spinks, C. McWilliams, E.F. Little, G. Skin
The measurement of impulsivity
No full textThe focus of this thesis is the much debated construct of impulsivity, exploring its meaning, etiology and measurement.
The literature review provides a background for the empirical papers, by examining the theoretical underpinnings of impulsivity, from which a plethora of measuring instruments have been generated. The review explores the difficulties associated with measuring a contrast which has little consensus over its components, and highlights studies which have attempted to draw together a common understanding of the construct.
The main paper provides a useful exploration of four widely used self-report measures of impulsivity, investigating whether the measures examine similar or different facets of impulsivity. The results demonstrate the lack of congruity between the measures, suggesting that two of the measures appear to tap a common construct, whereas the remaining two measure only a narrow construct and raise questions about its validity.
The brief paper is a pilot study drawing upon a visual search paradigm to investigate the Attentional Fixity theory of impulsivity, arousal and performance among a sexual offending sample. The findings although tentative, failed to support the hypothesis that arousal improves performance in a cognitive task. Instead it was found that performance decreased when individuals were presented with sexual stimuli. The findings also fail to support the hypothesis that high impulsivity is associated with an inability to fix attention on a source of input. This suggest that the current sample of sexual offenders, as a high impulsive group tend to fix their attention on sexual stimuli and become distracted from other cognitive demands.
Finally, the reflective review explores further findings from the empirical papers, reflecting upon methodological, ethical and conceptual issues
Helmholtz-type resonator with increased tunability and reduced viscous loss with application to wave energy converters
No full textWave-energy converters such as Oscillating Water Columns (OWCs) are designed to resonate at ocean-wave frequencies to extract renewable energy, but the low frequencies of the energetic waves demand large, expensive devices. To resolve this predicament, smaller-sized Helmholtz OWCs (H-OWCs) were designed. Their small sizes are achieved by reducing the cross-sectional area of their entrance sections. However, this leads to viscous losses at the transition between an H-OWC’s entrance and main sections. Moreover, an H-OWC is difficult to tune due to its fixed geometry. This paper proposes a modified H-OWC, called an I-OWC. Its main innovation is to use an “insert” placed in a chamber to reduce the cross-sectional area of the entrance section, avoiding the transition in an H-OWC to reduce vortex damping. Another benefit of the I-OWC is an increased tunability via changing the length of the insert in the chamber. A model of I-OWC is designed semi-analytically; the method is validated by wave flume tests. A conceptual design of a full-scale I-OWC is then proposed. In a broader sense, the design provides an alternative approach to tuning the frequency of a general Helmholtz-type resonating cavity.Lidong Cui, Nathan Spinks, Nataliia Y. Sergiienko, Danica Tothova, Justin S. Leontini, Benjamin S. Cazzolato, Richard Manasse
Biomphalaria glabrata transcriptome: cDNA microarray profiling identifies resistant- and susceptible-specific gene expression in haemocytes from snail strains exposed to Schistosoma mansoni
No full text© 2008 Lockyer et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Background - Biomphalaria glabrata is an intermediate snail host for Schistosoma mansoni, one of the important schistosomes infecting man. B. glabrata/S. mansoni provides a useful model system for investigating the intimate interactions between host and parasite. Examining differential gene expression between S. mansoni-exposed schistosome-resistant and susceptible snail lines will identify genes and pathways that may be involved in snail defences.
Results - We have developed a 2053 element cDNA microarray for B. glabrata containing clones from ORESTES (Open Reading frame ESTs) libraries, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries and clones identified in previous expression studies. Snail haemocyte RNA, extracted from parasite-challenged resistant and susceptible snails, 2 to 24 h post-exposure to S. mansoni, was hybridized to the custom made cDNA microarray and 98 differentially expressed genes or gene clusters were identified, 94 resistant-associated and 4 susceptible-associated. Quantitative PCR analysis verified the cDNA microarray results for representative transcripts. Differentially expressed genes were annotated and clustered using gene ontology (GO) terminology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. 61% of the identified differentially expressed genes have no known function including the 4 susceptible strain-specific transcripts. Resistant strain-specific expression of genes implicated in innate immunity of invertebrates was identified, including hydrolytic enzymes such as cathepsin L, a cysteine proteinase involved in lysis of phagocytosed particles; metabolic enzymes such as ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of polyamines, important in inflammation and infection processes, as well as scavenging damaging free radicals produced during production of reactive oxygen species; stress response genes such as HSP70; proteins involved in signalling, such as importin 7 and copine 1, cytoplasmic intermediate filament (IF) protein and transcription enzymes such as elongation factor 1α and EF-2.
Conclusion - Production of the first cDNA microarray for profiling gene expression in B. glabrata provides a foundation for expanding our understanding of pathways and genes involved in the snail internal defence system (IDS). We demonstrate resistant strain-specific expression of genes potentially associated with the snail IDS, ranging from signalling and inflammation responses through to lysis of proteinacous products (encapsulated sporocysts or phagocytosed parasite components) and processing/degradation of these targeted products by ubiquitination.The Wellcome Trus
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