8,795 research outputs found
Market Value and Patent Citations: A First Look
No full textAs patent data become more available in machine-readable form, an increasing number of researchers have begun to use measures based on patents and their citations as indicators of technological output and information flow. This paper explores the economic meaning of these citation-based patent measures using the financial market valuation of the firms that own the patents. Using a new and comprehensive dataset containing over 4800 U. S. Manufacturing firms and their patenting activity for the past 30 years, we explore the contributions of R&D spending, patents, and citation-weighted patents to measures of Tobin's Q for the firms. We find that citation-weighted patent stocks are more highly correlated with market value than patent stocks themselves and that this fact is due mainly to the high valuation placed on firms that hold very highly cited patents.
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Roberta Jaffe, Founding Director, Life Lab Science Program, Co-Founder of Community Agroecology Network
No full textRoberta (Robbie) Jaffe grew up in New York in the 1950s, and moved to Florida when she was sixteen. She attended the University of Florida and University of South Florida, and graduated with a degree in sociology. During and after college she was deeply involved in the United Farm Workers (UFW) movement as a field organizer and boycott organizer for the state of Florida. Jaffe first came to the Santa Cruz area with her then-husband, Jerry Kay, who was also active in the sustainable agriculture movement. They farmed ten acres near Elkhorn Slough, and in 1976, Jaffe helped start the first farmers’ market in Santa Cruz County, at Live Oak School.After that marriage ended, Jaffe studied horticulture at Cabrillo College with Richard Merrill, and took a position with a CETA (Comprehensive Employment and Training Act) program called Project Blossom. As part of that program, she co-founded a school garden at Green Acres School in Live Oak, a semi-rural area near Santa Cruz, California. This was the genesis of the Life Lab Science Program, which grew into a groundbreaking nonprofit organization that works with schools throughout the United States to develop school gardens and curriculum for teaching science and nutrition. Jaffe served as founding executive director of the program for many years.Jaffe earned a second master’s degree in education from UC Santa Cruz, with an emphasis in agroecology. She met and married Steve Gliessman (also the subject of an oral history in this series). In 2001, they co-founded the Community Agroecology Network (CAN). CAN defines its goals as, “to help a network of rural, primarily coffee-growing communities in Mexico and Central America develop self-sufficiency and sustainable growing practices, and direct market coffee to consumers in the United States.”Jaffe is the co-author of “From Differentiated Coffee Markets Towards Alternative Trade and Knowledge Networks,” in Confronting the Coffee Crisis: Sustaining Livelihoods and Ecosystems in Mexico and Central America, and many Life Lab publications, including The Growing Classroom.Ellen Farmer interviewed Robbie Jaffe on May 5, 2007, at Jaffe's house in Santa Cruz, California. Farmer’s MA thesis (in public policy) at California State University at Monterey Bay focused on the coffee crisis. As a graduate student, she worked with Jaffe at CAN, and brought her knowledge of the economics and politics of coffee growing in Latin America to the interview
Innovation, Firm Size, and R&D Search
No full textWe present evidence that small firms perform two to four times more innovations per dollar of R&D than large firms. We propose a search theory of R&D that accounts for the evidence. A firm incurs R&D expenses until it has discovered a level of R&D productivity that is sufficiently great to warrant stopping the search. We show that because the large number of R&D projects run by a large firm becomes a substitute for enhanced R&D productivity, the average R&D productivity of a firm is decreasing in firm size.
Henri Temianka Correspondence; (jaffe)
No full textThis collection contains material pertaining to the life, career, and activities of Henri Temianka, violin virtuoso, conductor, music teacher, and author. Materials include correspondence, concert programs and flyers, music scores, photographs, and books.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/temianka_correspondence/3789/thumbnail.jp
Verification of the analytical characteristics of troponin assays in the laboratory : A how to guide
No full textIt is important that both laboratory staff performing troponin measurement and clinicians who interpret troponin results should 'know their routine laboratory's troponin assay' and its performance characteristics. International quality systems
established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and accepted by clinical laboratories worldwide require the verification of a new method. As a minimum, a troponin method must be verified as showing 'fitness for purpose' before being used to produce analytical data for patient care.
The analytical performance characteristics of troponin assays that require an initial verification include imprecision and limit of quantitation. Validation of the upper reference limit that has been established by the manufacturer is also highly desirable, if possible. If the assay is replacing a previous assay, a method comparison and, if possible, an audit
of performance should also be done. Investigation of other characteristics such as limit of blank, limit of detection, interferences and linearity is optional and depends on a laboratory's situation and the availability of resources to do this
work. The monitoring of assay performance requires use of appropriate Intemal Quality Controls to assess the assay traceability (bias) and imprecision, and participation in an External Quality Assessinent Scheme to evaluate the assay accuracy and laboratory performance. In addition, the introduction of newer more sensitive troponin assays may require
clinical validation in collaboration with local cardiology units and emergency medicine departments, and auditing of the impact of implementation of these more analytically sensitive assays.
The following chapter provides a 'how to' guide to clinical laboratories for the verification and monitoring of the analytical performance of troponin assays
The integral of the spin-dependent structure function g1p and the Ellis-Jaffe sum rule
No full textHughes VW, Papavassiliou V, Piegaia R, Schüler KP, Baum G. The integral of the spin-dependent structure function g1p and the Ellis-Jaffe sum rule. Phys.Lett. B. 1988;212(4):511-514
Technological Change and the Environment
No full textEnvironmental policy discussions increasingly focus on issues related to technological change. This is partly because the environmental consequences of social activity are frequently affected by the rate and direction of technological change, and partly because environmental policy interventions can themselves create constraints and incentives that have significant effects on the path of technological progress. This paper, prepared as a chapter draft for the forthcoming Handbook of Environmental Economics (North-Holland/Elsevier Science), summarizes for environmental economists current thinking on technological change in the broader economics literature, surveys the growing economic literature on the interaction between technology and the environment, and explores the normative implications of these analyses. We begin with a brief overview of the economics of technological change, and then examine three important areas where technology and the environment intersect: the theory and empirical evidence of induced innovation and the related literature on the effects of environmental policy on the creation of new, environmentally friendly technology; the theory and empirics of environmental issues related to technology diffusion; and analyses of the comparative technological impacts of alternative environmental policy instruments. We conclude with suggestions for further research on technological change and the environment.technological change, induced innovation, environment, policy
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