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Perelleschus spinothylax Cardona-Duque & Franz, sp. nov.
No full text<p> <i>Perelleschus spinothylax</i> Cardona-Duque & Franz sp. nov.</p> <p>sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) (Figs 25 & 26)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Perelleschus spinothylax</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) is distinguished from other members of <i>Perelleschus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) by the following traits: antennal scape two-coloured, progressing from dark to light reddish brown; procoxa subglabrous; tegminal apodeme deflexed (as opposed to straight); spiculum relictum forked and pointed; apical margin of the aedeagus slightly projected; spine-like sclerites present along the apical half of the endophallus; appendix of the spermatheca reduced. <i>Perelleschus spinothylax</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) can be distinguished from <i>Perelleschus carludovicae</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) by its smaller size, the shorter and sparser pilosity of the procoxa, the endophallic sclerites in males, and the shape of the spermathecal appendix in females. This species furthermore differs from <i>P. evelynae</i> sec. Franz & Cardona- Duque (2013) and <i>P. variabilis</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) by the more apically positioned, spine-like endophallic sclerites, and by the apically rounded (as opposed to acute) cornu of the spermatheca. The meso- and metatibiae of <i>P. spinothylax</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) are pubescent along the apical third of the ventral side; whereas other species of <i>Perelleschus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) lack this trait.</p> <p> <b>Description. <i>Male</i></b> . Small, length 2.2–2.6 mm, width 0.8–1.3 mm, l/w = 1.9–2.8 (N = 6); colour light reddish brown; vestiture short, aurate, conspicuous on antennal funicle and club, pronotum, procoxae, ventral protibiae, metaventrite and sternites. <i>Mouthparts</i>. As in <i>P. salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013), except labium subquadrate, trapezoidal (Fig. 28). <i>Rostrum</i>. Short, 0.4–0.6 mm; r/p = 0.5–0.8; otherwise similar to <i>P. salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013). Antennae. Basal half of scape dark brown, apical half light reddish brown, scape extending to eye in resting position. <i>Head</i>. Light to dark yellowish brown; otherwise similar to <i>P. salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013). <i>Thorax.</i> Pronotum slightly globular, l/w = 0.9–1.5 (N = 6); light reddish brown, posterior margin darkened, anterior margin 0.4–0.9× as wide as posterior margin, greatest width near posterior 2/3; punctate, vestiture short, lateral setae longer. <i>Epipleura</i>. As in <i>P. salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona- Duque (2013). <i>Sterna.</i> As in <i>P. salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013), except mesosternum with posterior intercoxal process slightly rounded (as opposed to slightly emarginate) (Fig. 15). <i>Metendosternite.</i> As in <i>P. salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013). <i>Legs.</i> Yellowish to reddish brown; profemur f/p = 0.6–0.8 (N = 6); protibia t/f = 0.7–1.0 (N = 6); meso and metatibia ventrally pubescent along apical 1/3; posterior margin of mesotibia with 9 spines. <i>Scutellum</i>. Reddish brown, with dense vestiture. <i>Elytra</i>. L/w = 1.2–1.5 (N = 5); light reddish brown, laterally darkened along striae IX–X, striae dark brown in anterior region of elytra, lighter and narrower towards posterior region, vestiture longer than on pronotum, thus appearing denser. <i>Wings</i>. Slightly longer than 2× elytral length, l/w = 3.5 (N = 1); posterior margin with setae throughout (except just in the region of the anal fold), setae longer in anal region; stigmal patch apically with a small protrusion and two setae inserted. <i>Abdomen</i>. Tergites complete. Sternite VII slightly longer than V+VI. <i>Terminalia</i>. Sternum VIII (Fig. 29) with membrane of hemisternites situated near fold of intermembrane connecting sterna VII–VIII, subtending a transversally oriented, forked and pointed median process (= spiculum relictum <i>sensu</i> Thompson 1992; see also Wanat, 2007). Sternum IX (Fig. 30) with width of apodeme similar throughout (2.5× as wide as aedeagal apodemes), apex widened, basal fork distally acute, each arm slightly explanate in mid region. Tegminal apodeme slightly deflexed (Fig. 31). Aedeagus (Fig. 32) with l/w = 2.8–3.1 (N = 4); in lateral view narrow, deflexed; in dorsal view slightly narrowed from apical 1/3 to apex, apical margin medially projected; dorsal tectum membranous; endophallus with nearly 20 spine-like, heavily sclerotized sclerites positioned along apical half, sclerites variously oriented in mid region of aedeagus, thereafter aligned in parallel and projected; aedeagal apodemes widened at their basal 1/3.</p> <p> <b>Description. <i>Fe m a l e</i>.</b> Length 2.4–2.8 mm, width 1.1–1.3 mm, l/w = 2.1–2.3 (N = 4). Rostrum 0.5–0.6 mm, r/p = 0.6–0.8. Pronotum l/w = 0.8–1.0. F/p = 0.5–0.7; t/f = 0.8–1.0. Elytra l/w = 1.3–1.4. Anteroventral spines of the protibia more slender than in males. Abdomen, including pygidum, as in other species of <i>Perelleschus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013). Sternum VIII (Fig. 33; see comment above on <i>P. salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque, 2013): lamina elliptical, apical margin projected, rounded (not emarginate as in other species of <i>Perelleschus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque, 2013); apodeme narrow, nearly straight. Spermatheca (Fig. 34) similar to that of other species of <i>Perelleschus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013); surface striate; corpus basally slightly constricted; appendix reduced, opposed to gland (reservoir) insertion; collum and ramus only slightly separated; cornu apically slightly rounded, with short membranous</p> projection, extending in a single (two-dimensional) plane. <p> <b>Variation.</b> The degree of pigmentation varies among teneral and mature individuals, ranging from light yellowish brown to light reddish brown. The rostrum width is also variable, with some specimens having the apex between 1.2–1.4× wider than the base. Some individuals have a mesal, longitudinal, obscure maculation on the pronotum.</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype male (dissected), labelled: ‘COant. [Colombia, Antioquia], San Lu´ıs, Río Claro, 5° 53' 32.1''N; 74° 51' 17.8'' W, 324 m, bosque, en inflorescencia en fase masculina de/ <i>Carludovica palmata</i> Ruiz & Pavón [non-focal], Ago. 2/2009, leg. Bota, Cardona, Franz & Mazo, CEUA 45757 ’ (CEUA). Paratypes, same label information as male holotype except for ‘ CEUA 47801’ (CEUA: 1 female, 1 dissected); ‘COant. [Colombia, Antioquia], San Carlos, Vereda Paraguas, 6°13' 18'' N; 74° 50' 46'' W, 832 m, dentro de infrutescencica de/ <i>Carludovica</i> sp. cf. <i>palmata</i> [non-focal], Jun. 10/2007, leg. L. S. Barrientos, CEUA 45792’, ‘ CEUA 45794’, ‘ CEUA 45797’, ‘ CEUA 45798’, ‘ CEUA 45799’, ‘ CEUA 45758’, ‘ CEUA 45800’ (CEUA: 5 males, 2 females, 5 dissected), ‘ CEUA 45796’ (donated to ICN: 1 male, 1 dissected), ‘ CEUA 45793’ (donated to IAvH: 1 male, 1 dissected), ‘ CEUA 45795’ (donated to MEFLG: 1 male, 1 dissected); ‘COant. [Colombia, Antioquia], San Rafael, Vda. [Vereda] La Rápida, Finca Cantarrana 6° 15' 27.6''N; 75°0 1' 41.5'' W, 1041 m /manual en inflorescencias de <i>Carludovica palmata</i> Ruiz & Pavón [non-focal], May. 25/2007, leg. Cardona & Tuberquia, CEUA 45801’, ‘ CEUA 45802’, ‘ CEUA 45803’, ‘ CEUA 45804’ (CEUA: 3 males, 1 female, 3 dissected); ‘COant. [Colombia, Antioquia], Anorí, Vereda El Zafiro, Finca El Pital, cañón del Porce, 7° 1' 48.7''N; 75° 4' 25.6''W, manual en inflorescencia de / <i>Carludovica palmata</i> Ruiz & Pavón [non-focal], Nov. 24/2009, leg. C. Bota CEUA 47809’ (CEUA: 1 male, 1 dissected); ‘COant. [Colombia, Antioquia], San Roque, Corr. [Corregimiento] San José del Nus, Estación Piscícola UdeA, Borde de quebrada, 823 m, 6° 29' 14.6'' N; 74° 50' 49.2'' W/inflorescencia e infrutescencia de <i>Carludovica palmata</i> [non-focal], leg. C. A. Bota, Feb. 7/2009, CEUA 45751’, ‘ CEUA 45752’, ‘ CEUA 47819’ (CEUA: 1 male, 2 females, 3 dissected), ‘ CEUA 45753’, ‘ CEUA 45805’, ‘ CEUA 66685’ (donated to UNAB: 3413 and 3415 - 2 males, 1 dissected, 3416 – 1 female, 1 dissected); ‘ Venezuela, Yaracuy, P.[Parque] N.[Nacional] Yurubí, Yumare-Alberico, cr. Guayabito, 10° 28' 0''N; 68° 39' 0'' W, 200 m, in <i>Carludovica palmata</i> Ruiz & Pavón [non-focal] infructescence, Jun. 28/2002, leg. H. Escobar & M. Mantilla’ (ASUHIC: 6 males, 3 females, 4 dissected); ‘ Venezuela, Yaracuy, P.[Parque] N.[Nacional] Yurubí, Yumare-Alberico, cr. Guayabito, 10°28'N; 68° 39'W, 200 m, en inflorescencia de <i>Carludovica palmata</i> [non-focal] en fase masculina, 23-VI-2002, leg. H. Escobar & M. Mantilla’ (ASUHIC: 4 males, 4 females, 4 dissected), ‘ CEUA 66686’, ‘ CEUA 66687’, ‘ CEUA 66688’, ‘ CEUA 66689’ (CEUA: 2 males, 2 females), (CWOB: 4 males, 4 females, 4 dissected), (CMNC: 4 males, 4 females, 4 dissected).</p> <p>considered as primarily homologous (de Pinna, 1991) were coded as inapplicable.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Colombia, Antioquia, San Luis, Río Claro.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Named in reference to the distinct spines of the endophallus, through the combination of the Latin word <i>spina</i> signifying ‘thorn’ and the Greek word <i>thylakos</i> which means ‘sack’ (Brown, 1956).</p> <p> <b>Natural history.</b> <i>Perelleschus spinothylax</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) occurs sympatrically with <i>P. salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) at all recorded localities except for San Luís, Antioquia, Colombia and Parque Nacional Yurubí, Yaracuy, Venezuela, where individuals of the latter species remain undocumented (see also comments above on <i>P. salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque, 2013). Apparently <i>P. spinothylax</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) is more abundant on <i>C. palmata</i> [non-focal] inflorescences than <i>P. salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) where the two species coexist; however these differences have not been quantified.</p>Published as part of <i>Nico M. Franz & Juliana Cardona-Duque, 2013, Description of two new species and phylogenetic reassessment of Perelleschus O'Brien & Wibmer, 1986 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with a complete taxonomic concept history of Perelleschus sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque, 2013, pp. 209-236 in Systematics and Biodiversity 11 (2)</i> on pages 218-221, DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2013.806371, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/270261">http://zenodo.org/record/270261</a>
Perelleschus salpinflexus Cardona-Duque & Franz
No full text<p> <i>Perelleschus salpinflexus</i> Cardona-Duque & Franz</p> <p>sp. nov.</p> <p>sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013)</p> <p>(Figs 7 & 8)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Perelleschus salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) is distinguished from other members of <i>Perelleschus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) by the following traits: integument slightly darkened; labial prementum slightly elongate (as opposed to subquadrate); antennal scape two-coloured, progressing from dark brown to more reddish brown; intercoxal projection of the mesosternum slightly emarginate; procoxa subglabrous; apodeme of male sternum IX slender; tegminal apodeme deflexed (as opposed to straight); apical margin of the aedeagus rounded (as opposed to projected); weak papillate sclerites present in the apical 1/3 of the endophallus; appendix of the spermatheca reduced and strongly deflexed; and apical portion of the cornu inclined clockwise or counter-clockwise. <i>Perelleschus salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) can be distinguished from <i>P. carludovicae</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) by its smaller size, the shorter and sparser pilosity of the procoxae, the presence of papillate endophallic sclerites, and the triangular spermathecal appendix and curvation of the cornea. This species furthermore differs from <i>P. evelynae</i> Franz & O’Brien sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) and <i>P. variabilis</i> Franz & O’Brien sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) by the apical position of endophallic sclerites and the apically rounded cornu, and from <i>P. spinothylax</i> sp. nov. sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013), described below, by its darker tegument, the shape of the prementum, the shape of intercoxal projection on the mesosternum, the more slen- der apodeme of the male sternum IX, the apically rounded aedeagus, and the shape and position of the distinctly sclerotized endophallic sclerites.</p> <p> <b>Description. <i>Male</i></b> . Small, length 2.3–2.6 mm, width 1.2–1.3 mm, l/w = 1.9–2.1 (N = 4); colour light to dark reddish brown; elytra yellowish brown to brown; sculpture variously punctulate; vestiture short, aurate, conspicuous on antennal funicle and club, pronotum, metaventrite, procoxae, ventral protibia and sternites. Mouthparts. <i>Mandible</i> (Fig. 11) as in other species of Perelleschus sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013); pharyngeal process long, 2.4× greatest width of mandible. Maxilla (Fig. 10) with cardo with 1 large seta and 1 short seta mesally; stipes apically sinuate; inner margin of the galea+lacinia+palpiger complex with 4 lacinial teeth (Ting, 1936). Labium slightly longer than wide, trapezoidal (Figs 9 & 27). Prementum slightly elongate, trapezoidal; apical corners oblique, converging, apical margin mesally straight; with 2 large, apicolateral, dorsally inserted setae; labial palps with palpomere II nearly 3× as long as III, its outer apical edge strongly projected. Postmentum elongate. <i>Rostrum.</i> Short, 0.5 mm; r/p = 0.5–0.6; light reddish brown. In dorsal view slightly widened apicad of antennal insertion; dorsally rugulose, with short setae; scrobe projecting beyond antennal socket to apex, basally shallow, not well defined, widened near rostral base, dorsally punctate, with scarce and short setae, ventrally with an inflexion that almost reaches eye. Antenna with basal half of scape dark brown, apical half light reddish brown, scape extending to eye in resting position. <i>Head</i>. Light reddish brown; frons rugulose; posterior margin surrounding eyes darkened, glabrous, dorsal punctures finer than on rostrum. Eyes separated from anterior margin of pronotum by 0.5× diameter of eye; posterior margin preceded by a shallow ridge. <i>Thorax</i>. Pronotum slightly globular, l/w = 0.9–1.0 (N = 4); reddish to dark brown, darkened on sides, with an obscure mesal maculation extending to anterior margin, posterior margin and laterals darkened; anterior margin 0.5–0.6× as wide as posterior margin, greatest width near posterior 2/3; punctate, vestiture short, lateral setae longer. <i>Epipleura</i>. Mesanepisternum (Fig. 12) equilaterally triangular, posterior vertex slightly truncate; mesepimeron half as wide as mesanepisternum; metanepisternum anteriorly widened, anterior margin curved, meeting ventral margin at a sharp angle, posteriorly narrowed; sclerolepidia (Lyal <i>et al</i>., 2006) present along metanepisternal sutures except for anterior part where suture is curved: consisting of small and slender seta-like scleropidial scales, some of them bifurcate (Fig. 13), as described by Lyal <i>et al</i>. (2006) under the squamiform 1 type, since they resemble the hairs of the surrounding areas; metepimeron pyriform, extending above posterior 1/5 of metanepisternum. <i>Sterna</i>. Prosternal setae as long as lateral ones, procoxal cavities inserted at posterior 2/3; mesoventrite with mesoventral process slightly emarginate (Fig. 14); posterolateral area of metaventrite with a parallel ridge adjacent to metacoxa, followed by a shallow and glabrous depression, equate with metacoxa. Ventral vestiture dense, varying in length, almost entirely covering thoracic ventrites. <i>Metendosternite</i> (Fig. 16). In lateral view directed obliquely at nearly 50° in relation to metaventrite. Stalk in ventral view with posterior margin widely diverging; mesal emarginations strongly angulate. Ventral flange in lateral view as wide as stalk, sides concave (giving an appearance of a cubic structure). Sheaths subtriangular, concave, nearly half as long as stalk (Velázquez de Castro, 1998). Hemiducts as long as external branch of furcal arms, strongly clubbed, truncate. Furcal arms apically bifurcated, pointed. Anterior tendons positioned at base of furcal arms. <i>Legs</i>. Yellowish brown; procoxa apically with sparse and short pubescence, inner face with a subapical foveola; profemur f/p = 0.5–0.6, slightly stouter than meso- and metafemur; protibia t/f = 0.9–1.0; meso and metatibia ventrally pubescent along apical 1/3; posterior margin of mesotibia with 7–8 spines. <i>Scutellum.</i> Dark reddish brown, with dense vestiture. <i>Elytra</i>. L/w = 1.2–1.4; dark reddish brown, laterally more darkened from stria VIII to margin, vestiture longer than on pronotum. <i>Wings</i>. Length 2.1–2.2× that of elytra, l/w = 2.9–3.2 (N = 3); posterior margin with setae throughout, setae longer in anal region; stigmal patch oval-elongate, longer than wide, evenly rounded at apex, apically with a small sclerotization and 2 setae inserted (as described by Zherikhin & Gratshev, 1995 for some Acalyptini [nonfocal]; see also Franz, 2006: character 110); medial stripe long. <i>Abdomen</i>. Tergites complete. Sternite VII similar in length to V+VI. <i>Terminalia</i>. Sternum VIII (Fig. 17) with membrane of hemisternites situated near fold of intermembrane connecting sternum VII–VIII, subtending a transversally oriented, bifurcate, lobed median process (= spiculum relictum <i>sensu</i> Thompson, 1992; see also Wanat, 2007). Sternum IX (Fig. 18): the base of the spiculum gastrale, as specified in Franz & O’Brien (2001), corresponds to the apodeme, and the bifurcation is positioned at the basal end (Wanat, 2007); with apodeme slightly narrowed near apex (2× as wide as aedeagal apodemes), apex widened; basal fork distally rounded. Tegminal apodeme deflexed (Fig. 19). Aedeagus (Fig. 20) with l/w = 3.0–3.5 (N = 4); in lateral view narrow, deflexed; in dorsal view slightly narrowed from midpoint to apex, margins rounded; dorsal tectum membranous; endophallus with approximately 6 mesal, spine-like, variously oriented and weakly sclerotized sclerites positioned along its basal 2/3, thereafter with paired, weakly sclerotized, papillate sclerites converging toward apex; aedeagal apodemes widened at their basal 1/3.</p> <p> <b>Description. <i>Fe m a l e</i></b> (Figs 7 & 8). Length 2.4–2.7 mm, width 1.2–1.3 mm, l/w = 2.1 (N = 2). Rostrum 0.5–0.6 mm, r/p = 0.6. Pronotum l/w = 0.9. F/p = 0.6; t/f = 0.9. Elytra l/w = 1.3–1.4. Anteroventral spines of protibia more slender than in males. Abdomen, including pygidium, as in other species of <i>Perelleschus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013). Sternum VIII (Fig. 21): the apex as specified in Franz & O’Brien (2001) corresponding to the lamina of Velázquez de Castro <i>et al.</i> (2007); lamina elliptical, distal margin projected, rounded (not emarginate as in other species of <i>Perelleschus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque, 2013); apodeme narrow, nearly straight. Coxites (Fig. 22) as in other species of <i>Perelleschus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona- Duque (2013). Spermatheca (Figs 21 & 22) similar to that of other species of <i>Perelleschus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013); <b>s</b> urface striate; corpus basally slightly constricted; appendix triangular, opposed to gland (reservoir) insertion; collum and ramus only slightly separated; cornu apically slightly rounded, projected, apical 1/4–1/5 arranged in a tridimensional space, oriented in a clockwise or counterclockwise spiral.</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> Some specimens have a more darkened pronotum and light yellowish brown elytra (as observed in <i>P. splendidus</i> Franz & O’Brien sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque, 2013). The number of spines on the posterior margin of tibiae is slightly variable. The endophallic sclerites may extend along the apical half of the endophallus.</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype male (dissected), labelled: ‘COcal. [Colombia, Caldas], Supía, Qda.[Quebrada] Piedras, desembocadura en el río Cauca, 5° 24' 43'' N; 75° 55' 43'' W, en inflorescencia de <i>Carludovica palmata</i> Ruiz & Pavón [non-focal], Mar. 2/2009, leg. C. Bota & N. Uribe, CEUA 45735 ’ (CEUA). Paratypes, same label information as male holotype except for ‘ CEUA 45736’, ‘ CEUA 45737’, ‘ CEUA 45738’, ‘ CEUA 45739’, ‘ CEUA 45740’, ‘ CEUA 45741’, ‘ CEUA 45742’, ‘ CEUA 45743’ (CEUA: 4 males, 4 females, 7 dissected), ‘ CEUA 71301’, ‘ CEUA 71302’, ‘ CEUA 71349’ (donated to ICN: 1 male, 2 females), ‘ CEUA 71303’, ‘ CEUA 71304’, ‘ CEUA 71350’ (donated to IAvH: 1 male, 2 females), ‘ CEUA 71305’, ‘ CEUA 71306’, ‘ CEUA 66681’ (donated to MEFLG: 1 male, 2 females), ‘ CEUA 71307’, ‘ CEUA 71308’, ‘ CEUA 66682’ (donated to UNAB: 3409 – 1 male, 3410 and 3411 – 2 females); ‘COant. [Colombia, Antioquia], Amalfi, Vereda el Jardín, 7°0 4' 34'' N; 74°57’22.2”W, 850 m, dentro de infrutescencia de <i>Carludovica palmata</i> Ruiz & Pavón [non-focal] (DT 2956), Jul. 25/2007, leg. Cardona & Tuberquia CEUA 45746’, ‘ CEUA 45747’, ‘ CEUA 45748’ (CEUA: 2 males, 1 female, 2 dissected); ‘COant. [Colombia, Antioquia], San Roque, Corr. [Corregimiento] San José del Nus, 6° 29' 14.6'' N; 74° 50' 49.2'' W, 823 m, borde de quebrada, en inflorescencia e infrutescencia de <i>Carludovica palmata</i> Ruiz & Pavón [non-focal], Feb. 7/2009, leg. C. Bota, CEUA 45744’, ‘ CEUA 45745’ (CEUA: 2 males, 2 dissected), ‘ CEUA 66683 (donated to ICN: 1 male), ‘ CEUA 66684’ (donated to UNAB: 3412 – 1 male); ‘COant [Colombia, Antioquia], San Carlos, Vereda Paraguas, 6° 13' 18'' N; 74° 50' 46'' W, 832 m, dentro de infrutescencia de <i>Carludovica</i> cf. <i>palmata</i> [non-focal], Jun. 10/2007, leg. L. S. Barrientos, CEUA 45759’, ‘ CEUA 47813’, ‘ CEUA 47814’ (CEUA: 3 males, 2 dissected); ‘COant. [Colombia, Antioquia], San Rafael, Vda. [Vereda] La Rápida, Finca Cantarrana 6° 15' 27.6''N; 75°0 1' 41.5''W, 1041 m, dentro de inflorescencia cerrada de <i>Carludovica palmata</i> [non-focal], May. 25/2007, leg. Cardona & Tuberquia, CEUA 47803’, ‘ CEUA 47815’, ‘ CEUA 47816’, ‘ CEUA 47817’, ‘ CEUA 47818’ (CEUA: 3 males, 2 females, 5 dissected); ‘COant. [Colombia, Antioquia], San Luis, Río Claro, 5° 53' 32.1''N; 74° 51' 17.8''W, 324 m, bosque, en inflorescencia en fase masculina de <i>Carludovica palmata</i> Ruiz & Pavón [non-focal], Ago. 2/2009, leg. Bota, Cardona, Franz & Mazo, CEUA 47802’ (CEUA: 1 male, 1 dissected); ‘COant. [Colombia, Antioquia], San Luis, Autopista Medellín-Bogotá, Qda. [Quebrada] La Habana, 29/Dic/2009, J. Cardona-D., CEUA 71309 / Manual en infrutescencia de <i>Carludovica palmata</i> Ruiz &Pavón [non-focal]’, ‘ CEUA 71310’, ‘ CEUA 71311’, ‘ CEUA 71312’ (CEUA: 1 male, 3 females, 2 dissected); ‘COant. [Colombia, Antioquia], Anorí, Vda. [Vereda] El Zafiro, Finca El Pital, 7° 1' 48.7'' N; 75° 4' 25.6'' W, borde de bosque cerca a arrollo, en inflorescencia de <i>Carludovica palmata</i> Ruiz & Pavón [non-focal], Nov. 24/2009, leg. C. Bota, CEUA 47810’, ‘ CEUA 47811’, ‘ CEUA 47812’ (CEUA: 2 males, 1 female, 3 dissected); ‘COant. [Colombia, Antioquia], Remedios, Vereda La Cruz, Finca La Brillantina 6° 54' 57.2'' N; 74° 33' 59.5'' W, 500 m, en inflorescencia de <i>Carludovica palmata</i> Ruiz & Pavón [non-focal], Dic. 26/2009, leg. Bota, Campuzano & Cardona, CEUA 47833’ (CEUA: 1 male, 1 dissected); ‘COant. [Colombia, Antioquia], Remedios, Vereda La Cruz, Finca La Brillantina 6° 54' 57.2'' N; 74° 33' 59.5'' W, 500 m, potrero, en inflorescencia de <i>Carludovica palmata</i> Ruiz & Pavón [nonfocal], Dic. 28/2009, leg. C. Bota, ‘ CEUA 47806’, ‘ CEUA 47807’ (CEUA: 1 male, 1 female, 2 dissected). ‘ CEUA 47804’ (donated to UNAB: 3414 – 1 male, 1 dissected).</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Colombia, Caldas, Supía, Quebrada Piedras.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Named in reference to the distinct shape of the spermatheca which resembles a ‘bent horn’, through the combination of the Greek word <i>salpinx</i> signifying ‘trumpet’ and the Latin word <i>flexus</i> which means ‘bent’ (Brown, 1956).</p> <p> <b>Natural history.</b> Specimens of <i>Perelleschus salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) have been abundantly collected on the eastern flange of the northern portion of the Central Cordillera in Colombia, towards the Magdalena Valley. Individuals of <i>P. salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona- Duque (2013) were collected together with those of <i>P. spinothylax</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) at all reported localities except for Amalfi, Remedios and Sup´ıa in the Antioquia and Caldas Departments, respectively. In addition, <i>P. salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) is sympatric with <i>P. variabilis</i> Franz & O’Brien sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) – a species previously recorded only in Ecuador – in Remedios, Antioquia, where adults of the two species were collected on the same inflorescence. <i>P. salpinflexus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) and <i>P. spinothylax</i> sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) develop in the reddish pulp of <i>Carludovica palmata</i> Ruiz & Pavón [non-focal] infructescences, were they feed and pupate without (significantly) damaging the seeds (Fig. 35).</p> <p>At San Carlos and San Rafael, Antioquia, parasitoid wasps of the family Braconidae [non-focal] (Helconinae [non-focal]: cf. <i>Nealiolus</i> Mason [non-focal], and Euphorinae [non-focal]: cf. <i>Holdawayella</i> Loan [non-focal]) emerged from cut <i>Carloduvica palmata</i> [non-focal] infructescences. These wasps were parasitizing the immature stages of the species of <i>Perelleschus</i> sec. Franz & Cardona- Duque (2013). In San Carlos, the adult wasps emerged 2–3 days before natural exposure of the seed packages and were readily visible underneath the cuticle of the weevil larvae.</p>Published as part of <i>Nico M. Franz & Juliana Cardona-Duque, 2013, Description of two new species and phylogenetic reassessment of Perelleschus O'Brien & Wibmer, 1986 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with a complete taxonomic concept history of Perelleschus sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque, 2013, pp. 209-236 in Systematics and Biodiversity 11 (2)</i> on pages 213-218, DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2013.806371, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/270261">http://zenodo.org/record/270261</a>
Divinos blasones de la Sagrada Familia de Dios humano : dispuestos y ordenados en panegyricas oraciones ...
No full textSign.: *-2*, 3*, A-Z, 2A-2B, [calderón], 2[calderón]-3[calderón], 4[calderón], A-P, Q, R, V, XErro de pax.: da p. 245 pasa a p. 292Erro na sign., a partir da letra r, non sigue a secuencia, e o cadernillo R>1-7< ten múltiples erros tipPort. con orla tipTexto a dúas col. con apostillas marxinai
Excuse me, do you speak...business? Insegnamento dell'inglese LS ad apprendenti adulti: tra easy talk e linguaggio aziendale
No full textNumerosi sono gli studi, più e meno recenti, i cui autori si sono interrogati, da molteplici angolazioni, circa la incidenza del cosiddetto fattore età nella felice riuscita dei processi di insegnamento e apprendimento di una lingua straniera, tanto in contesti di competenza generale quanto di conoscenze più marcatamente ‘settoriali’ delle lingue di interesse. I condizionamenti legati alla differente età anagrafica dei discenti spaziano, difatti, da questioni legate al decadimento delle funzioni cognitive (come è quello riscontrabile negli apprendenti anziani: cfr. Cardona, Luise 2018; Luise 2014) ad aspetti legati, ad esempio, ad una non-corrispondenza tra età anagrafica e competenze effettivamente (o eventualmente già) presenti (riscontrabili particolarmente nei contesti cosiddetti problematici: immigrazione forzata in età adulta, necessità di una nuova alfabetizzazione anche per studenti in età scolare, e così via: cfr. Abbaticchio 2013), per giungere alle questioni, altrettanto peculiari, dell’apprendimento in età adulta e negli ormai numerosissimi contesti extra-istituzionali (cfr. Balboni 2023; Diadori, Palermo, Troncarelli 2021).
Stanti queste premesse, partendo da alcune considerazioni preliminari sui condizionamenti riconducibili al fattore-età dei discenti, obiettivo del contributo è quello di proporre alla condivisione di studiosi, docenti di lingue straniere ed esperti delle specifiche dinamiche didattiche “chiamate in causa” la illustrazione ragionata di attività mirate all’insegnamento del cosiddetto business English ad apprendenti di età adulta, i cui bisogni specifici si collocano nel contesto, altrettanto peculiare, della microlingua dell’economia e delle interazioni commerciali ad ampio spettro, dentro e fuori lo specifico contesto produttivo e aziendale di partenza (Balboni 2000). L’auspicio, tramite una riflessione sulle principali fasi operative dell’esperienza didattica in esame, è quello di evidenziare l’influenza non trascurabile del fattore età, tanto nei processi di pianificazione di contenuti e attività didattiche quanto nella gestione, da parte del docente, delle dinamiche interpersonali ed emotive all’interno del gruppo-classe (cfr. Cardona, De Iaco 2023; Menegale, s.d.), al fine del preventivo evitamento di situazioni conflittuali o, anche, di acuta disparità di partecipazione e sviluppo delle competenze linguistiche e interazionali nella lingua straniera oggetto di apprendimento
Introduzione a: Giorgio R. Cardona, Introduzione all’etnolinguistica
No full textPerché ripubblicare, a distanza esattamente di trent’anni, il volume di Cardona? L'introduzione esamina le due motivazioni che ne giustificano la riproposizione editoriale, prescindendo dall’ovvio esaurimento delle precedenti edizioni oggi introvabili sul mercato.
La prima ragione attiene alla storia stessa degli studi etnolinguistici, come diremo subito, e al posto che compete all'Introduzione all'etnolinguistica in tale àmbito; la seconda concerne la natura intrinsecamente peculiare dell’opera, che costituisce la sintesi migliore del percorso di studi di Cardona e che, in quanto tale, si mostra eccezionalmente ricca e feconda come ricche, profonde, multiformi erano le esperienze di ricerche dell’autore
Optical Study Of Crystal-field Excitation In (r)ba2cu3o7-δ Single Crystals
No full textA large number of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) contain rare-earth (R) ions with 4f-electron multiplets which are split by the crystal field (CF) of the neighboring ligands and, in many cases, their energy differences are in the range of optical phonons. When these two excitations (phonons and CF) have the same symmetry and are close in energy they can couple to each other, leading to a doublet structure at low temperature. Since the R ions are located between the CuO2 superconducting planes, this crystal-field-phonon coupling can be used as a probe to investigate superconductivity related phenomena. In this paper, we discuss the coupling of phonons to CF excitations in (R)Ba2Cu3O7-δ and demonstrate that Raman and infrared spectroscopy can be successfully used as a novel tool for CF studies in HTS, since they are not limited to low energy transfer and can be applied to study small single crystals.2201475482Strach, T., Ruf, T., Niraimathi, A.M., Martin, A.A., Cardona, M., (1998) Physica, 301 C, p. 9Martin, A.A., Ruf, T., Strach, T., Cardona, M., Wolf, T., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58, p. 14349Friedl, B., Thomsen, C., Cardona, M., (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, p. 915Thomsen, C., Cardona, M., Friedl, B., Rodriguez, C.O., Mazin, I.I., Andersen, O.K., (1990) Solid State Commun., 75, p. 219Heyen, E.T., Wegerer, R., Schönherr, E., Cardona, M., (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, p. 144Martin, A.A., Hadjiev, V.G., Ruf, T., Cardona, M., Wolf, T., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58, p. 14211Morrison, C.A., Leavitt, R.P., (1982) Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, 5. , Eds. K. A. GSCHNEIDNER and L. EYRING, North-Holland Publ. Co., AmsterdamAllenspach, P., Furrer, A., Bruesch, P., Unternaeher, P., (1989), 156-157 B, p. 864Zeyher, R., Zwicknagl, G., (1990) Z. Phys. B, 78, p. 175Guillaume, M., Henggeler, W., Furrer, A., Eccleston, R.S., Trounov, V., (1995) Phys. Rev. Lett., 74, p. 3423Nekvasil, V., Diviš, M., Hilscher, G., Holland-Moritz, E., (1995) J. Alloys and Comp., 225, p. 578Martin, A.A., Ruf, T., Cardona, M., Jandl, S., Barba, D., Nekvasil, V., Diviš, M., Wolf, T., (1999) Phys. Rev. B, 59, p. 652
Juan de Cardona, "Tratado notable de amor", and the Moncada Connection
No full textThe name of the author of "Tratado notable de amor" (1545-47) is known but because
the name is shared by several members of the Cardona family, his identity has not
been firmly established. This paper offers an alternative to that given by Juan
Fernández Jiménez (1982) based on new information. The author is identified as the
son of Alonso de Cardona, "Almirante de Aragón", probable author of the nonymous
"Qüestión de amor" (1513), a work with which "Tratado notable" shares certain
characteristics. Juan de Cardona y Ruiz de Liori is shown to be closely related to
(Potenci) Ana de Moncada, to whom the work is dedicatedSe ha atribuido la autoría de la novela sentimental T"ratado notable de amor" (1545-47)
a Juan de Cardona pero no se ha determinado definitivamente la identidad específica de esta persona, a pesar de la teoría de Juan Fernández Jiménez. Se ofrece aquí otra posibilidad: el hijo del probable autor de Qüestión de amor (1513), el Almirante de Aragón, Alonso de Cardona. Además de las características estilísticas y temáticas compartidas entre las dos obras,las cuales sugieren una influencia directa, la atribución de autoría se basa en el hecho de que Juan de Cardona y Liori, hijo de Alonso de Cardona, es pariente de la destinataria de Tratado notable, (Potenci)Ana de Moncada
A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Phallangothelphusa Pretzmann, 1965, from Colombia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae)
No full textCardona, Luisa, Campos, Martha R. (2012): A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Phallangothelphusa Pretzmann, 1965, from Colombia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae). Zootaxa 3515: 83-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21484
Carlos Cardona, “Olvido y memoria del ser”
No full textCritical analysis of Heideggerian thinking around metaphysics. Carlos Cardona points out the success of Martin Heidegger in denouncing the forgetfulness of being. However, it shows the insufficiency of the philosophical resources of this author proposed for recovery from existentialism. It offers as an alternative the return to Thomistic metaphysics and also bends for the thought of Kierkegaard
Aproximaciones a la Poetica Oficinesca de José Cardona Lopez
No full textThis thesis is an analysis of the bureaucratic narrative of the Colombian writer José Cardona López. For the analysis of his literary work, I will explore the behavior of the characters; the paraphernalia of the office; as well as the literary tradition that precedes it. This study sets out to revaluate the figure of those denizens of the bureaucratic universe that Cardona Lopez recreates in his fictions. Individuals who toiled and lives in the anonymity of a temple-like office perform the daily ritual that this universe demands. In sum, in this study an approach to the human condition of the bureaucrat is made through the literary work of Cardona López; author who is dedicated to extol the everyday of life
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