430 research outputs found
Avaliação da cultivar de macieira Baigent (Brookfield®) em Vacaria, RS.
No full textO objetivo desse documento é apresentar os resultados de seis anos de avaliação da cultivar Baigent, com o intuito de oferecer aos produtores informações capazes de subsidiar a escolha de cultivares para a implantação de novos pomares e disponibilizar os resultados da pesquisa a todos os interessados
Towards evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of venous thromboembolism: systematic reviews of mechanical methods, oral anticoagulation, dextran and regional anaesthesia as thromboprophylaxis
No full textObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to assess the benefits in terms of reductions in the risks of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and of pulmonary embolism (PE), and hazards in terms of major bleeding, of: (i) mechanical compression (graduated compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression, footpumps); (ii) oral anticoagulants; (iii) dextran; and (iv) regional anaesthesia (as an alternative to general anaesthesia) in surgical and medical patients.Search strategyThe strategy involved a systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, Derwent), search of the Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration database, contact with trialists and manufacturers, and scrutiny of bibliographies of identified papers and reviews of thromboprophylaxis.Selection criteriaProperly randomised trials were selected, including those reported in a non-English language, with at least one unconfounded comparison of the effect of one of the methods under review versus control, or a direct comparison between different versions of a method, or a direct comparison between a pharmacological agent (dextran or an oral anticoagulant) and low molecular weight or unfractionated heparin. Trials were included only if systematic assessment of DVT by radiological methods was planned.Data collection and analysisAll trials identified as fitting the selection criteria were independently assessed by at least two review authors for methodological quality and the numbers of patients with primary and secondary outcomes were recorded. The primary outcomes were DVT, PE and major bleeding events, and proximal venous thrombosis (PVT) and fatal PE were secondary outcomes. Trials were subdivided into those that had assessed a method as the only means of thromboprophylaxis (‘monotherapy’) and those that had assessed the effects of adding a method to another form of thromboprophylaxis (‘adjunctive therapy’).Main resultsMechanical compression methods reduced the risk of DVT by about two-thirds when used as monotherapy and by about half when added to a pharmacological method. These benefits were similar irrespective of the particular method used (graduated compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression or footpumps) and similar in each of the surgical groups studied. Mechanical methods reduced the risk of PVT by about half and the risk of PE by two-fifths.Oral anticoagulants, when used as monotherapy, reduced the risk of DVT and of PVT by about half, and this protective effect appeared similar in each of the surgical groups studied. There was an apparently large four-fifths reduction in the role of PE, but not only was the magnitude of this reduction statistically uncertain, but also pulmonary embolism was reported by a minority of trials, so it may be subject to selection bias. Oral anticoagulant regimens approximately doubled the risk of major bleeding. Oral anticoagulant regimens appeared less effective at preventing DVT than heparin regimens [64% (standard error [SE] 8) greater risk of DVT], although were associated with less major bleeding [35% (10) risk reduction for major bleeds].Dextran reduced the risk of DVT and of PVT by about half, again irrespective of the type of surgery, but too few studies had reported PE to provide reliable estimates of effect on this outcome. Dextran appeared to be less effective at preventing DVT than the heparin regimens studied. Dextran was associated with an increased risk of bleeding, but too few bleeds had occurred for the size of this excess risk to be estimated reliably.Compared with general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia reduced the risk of DVT by about half, and this benefit appeared similar in each of the surgical settings studied. Regional anaesthesia was associated with less major bleeding than general anaesthesia.ConclusionIn the absence of a clear contraindication (such as severe peripheral arterial disease), patients undergoing a surgical procedure would be expected to derive net benefit from a mechanical compression method of thromboprophylaxis (such as graduated compression stockings), irrespective of their absolute risk of venous thromboembolism. Patients who are considered to be at particularly high risk of venous thromboembolism may also benefit from a pharmacological thromboprophylactic agent, but since oral anticoagulant and dextran regimens appear less effective at preventing DVT than standard low-dose unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin regimens, they may be less suitable for patients at high risk of venous thromboembolism, even though they are associated with less bleeding. Whenever feasible, the use of regional anaesthesia as an alternative to general anaesthesia may also provide additional protection against venous thromboembolism. There is little information on the prevention of venous thromboembolism among high-risk medical patients (such as those with stroke), so further randomised trials in this area would be helpful
Desenvolvimento da coloração vermelha e conteúdo de antocianinas na película de maçãs 'imperial Gala' e 'Baigent'.
No full textOs clones do grupo Gala representam mais que50% das maçãs produzidas no Brasil. Os produtores estão buscando cultivares com maior intensidade e cobertura de coloração vermelha. Esses frutos são mais atrativos e despertam o interesse dos consumidores, agregando valor ao produto. Espera-se que esses frutos possuam maior concentração de antocianinas na película em função da maior coloração. Logo, oobjetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a evolução da cor dos frutos de Imperial Gala e Baigent (BrookfieldTM)por meio do ângulo hue(°h), concentração de antocianinas e porcentagem de recobrimento, cultivados em São Joaquim-SC.XVI ENFRUTE 201
Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomised trials.
No full textOBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX 2) inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the risk of vascular events. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of published and unpublished tabular data from randomised trials, with indirect estimation of the effects of traditional NSAIDs. DATA SOURCES: Medline and Embase (January 1966 to April 2005); Food and Drug Administration records; and data on file from Novartis, Pfizer, and Merck. REVIEW METHODS: Eligible studies were randomised trials that included a comparison of a selective COX 2 inhibitor versus placebo or a selective COX 2 inhibitor versus a traditional NSAID, of at least four weeks' duration, with information on serious vascular events (defined as myocardial infarction, stroke, or vascular death). Individual investigators and manufacturers provided information on the number of patients randomised, numbers of vascular events, and the person time of follow-up for each randomised group. RESULTS: In placebo comparisons, allocation to a selective COX 2 inhibitor was associated with a 42% relative increase in the incidence of serious vascular events (1.2%/year v 0.9%/year; rate ratio 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.13 to 1.78; P = 0.003), with no significant heterogeneity among the different selective COX 2 inhibitors. This was chiefly attributable to an increased risk of myocardial infarction (0.6%/year v 0.3%/year; 1.86, 1.33 to 2.59; P = 0.0003), with little apparent difference in other vascular outcomes. Among trials of at least one year's duration (mean 2.7 years), the rate ratio for vascular events was 1.45 (1.12 to 1.89; P = 0.005). Overall, the incidence of serious vascular events was similar between a selective COX 2 inhibitor and any traditional NSAID (1.0%/year v 0.9%/year; 1.16, 0.97 to 1.38; P = 0.1). However, statistical heterogeneity (P = 0.001) was found between trials of a selective COX 2 inhibitor versus naproxen (1.57, 1.21 to 2.03) and of a selective COX 2 inhibitor versus non-naproxen NSAIDs (0.88, 0.69 to 1.12). The summary rate ratio for vascular events, compared with placebo, was 0.92 (0.67 to 1.26) for naproxen, 1.51 (0.96 to 2.37) for ibuprofen, and 1.63 (1.12 to 2.37) for diclofenac. CONCLUSIONS: Selective COX 2 inhibitors are associated with a moderate increase in the risk of vascular events, as are high dose regimens of ibuprofen and diclofenac, but high dose naproxen is not associated with such an excess
Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials.
No full textBACKGROUND: Low-dose aspirin is of definite and substantial net benefit for many people who already have occlusive vascular disease. We have assessed the benefits and risks in primary prevention. METHODS: We undertook meta-analyses of serious vascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or vascular death) and major bleeds in six primary prevention trials (95,000 individuals at low average risk, 660,000 person-years, 3554 serious vascular events) and 16 secondary prevention trials (17,000 individuals at high average risk, 43,000 person-years, 3306 serious vascular events) that compared long-term aspirin versus control. We report intention-to-treat analyses of first events during the scheduled treatment period. FINDINGS: In the primary prevention trials, aspirin allocation yielded a 12% proportional reduction in serious vascular events (0.51% aspirin vs 0.57% control per year, p=0.0001), due mainly to a reduction of about a fifth in non-fatal myocardial infarction (0.18%vs 0.23% per year, p<0.0001). The net effect on stroke was not significant (0.20%vs 0.21% per year, p=0.4: haemorrhagic stroke 0.04%vs 0.03%, p=0.05; other stroke 0.16%vs 0.18% per year, p=0.08). Vascular mortality did not differ significantly (0.19%vs 0.19% per year, p=0.7). Aspirin allocation increased major gastrointestinal and extracranial bleeds (0.10%vs 0.07% per year, p<0.0001), and the main risk factors for coronary disease were also risk factors for bleeding. In the secondary prevention trials, aspirin allocation yielded a greater absolute reduction in serious vascular events (6.7%vs 8.2% per year, p<0.0001), with a non-significant increase in haemorrhagic stroke but reductions of about a fifth in total stroke (2.08%vs 2.54% per year, p=0.002) and in coronary events (4.3%vs 5.3% per year, p<0.0001). In both primary and secondary prevention trials, the proportional reductions in the aggregate of all serious vascular events seemed similar for men and women. INTERPRETATION: In primary prevention without previous disease, aspirin is of uncertain net value as the reduction in occlusive events needs to be weighed against any increase in major bleeds. Further trials are in progress. FUNDING: UK Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, and the European Community Biomed Programme
Frutificação efetiva e produção de macieiras "baigent" em resposta ao manejo de indução de brotação.
No full textA indução de brotação de gemas é uma das atividades mais importantes no manejo de pomares de macieira (Malus domestica Borkh.) nas condições climáticas do Sul do Brasil. O aumento dos índices de gemas brotadas e uniformização do florescimento são imprescindíveis em sistemas intensivos de produção, visando o aumento da eficiência produtiva, eficiência laboral e qualidade da produção. Logo, é de grande importância a disponibilidade ao setor produtivo de diferentes opções de manejo que possibilitem de forma eficiente a brotação das macieiras via o emprego de indutores químicos nas condições de cultivo do Sul do Brasil sem comprometimento da frutificação efetiva e da produtividade. Nesse sentido, o uso de programas de aplicação sequencial de indutores de brotação tem sido intensificado nos últimos anos, a fim de otimizar os índices de brotação dos pomares no Sul do Brasil, em especial na cultivar ?Gala?, e conhecer os potenciais efeitos sobre o potencial produtivo das plantas é de suma importância. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes manejos para a indução de brotação sobre a frutificação efetiva e produção de macieiras ?Gala? cv. Baigent, em Vacaria-RS, no ciclo de cultivo 2020/2021
Cholesterol and lipids
No full textWorldwide, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke are the leading causes of death and disability. Observational studies have shown that higher blood total cholesterol is associated with an increased risk of CHD, and randomized trials have shown that drugs that lower cholesterol substantially can reduce the risk both of CHD and ischemic stroke. This article assesses the importance of blood lipids, including cholesterol, for risk of CHD and stroke in different populations, and considers the public health importance of strategies to modify blood lipids by diet or drug therapy for the prevention of vascular diseases. © 2008 Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
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