1,720,961 research outputs found
The mass balance of avalanche fed dolomitic glaciers: the case of Agola Glacier (Dolomiti di Brenta, Italian Alps).
No full textCosti ed efficacia della cura della schizofrenia con antipsicotici tipici e atipici
No full textCost-effectiveness of treatment of schizophrenia with typical and atypical antipsychotics
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a ravaging and costly mental illness. Treatment of schizophrenia is long term and involves different kinds of care (drugs, outpatient, hospital, and residential care). Antipsychotic drugs contribute substantially to control patients positive and negative symptoms. In the late 90's, new “atypical” antipsychotics have been introduced, which are supposed to be more effective, but also are more expensive. However evidence on cost-effectiveness of atypical drugs is yet limited.
Objective: First, to compare effectiveness and costs of 12 month treatment of schizophrenia, using typical and atypical antipsychotics, associated with psychiatric services. Second, to compare the three most prescribed atypical drugs (olanzapine, clozapine, and risperidone) to the drug of choice, haloperidol.
Patients and methods: This study originates from a large scale survey carried out in Lombardy (Italy) in the year 2000, where 9,817 psychiatric patients were assessed using the HoNOS scale. Out of 1,537 schizophrenic patients with an initial (January) and final (December) assessment, 365 patients meeting eligibility criteria were elected for the study on cost-effectiveness (NHS perspective). The study is based on the observation of real clinical behaviours; therefore patients are not randomised to different treatments.
Results: The group treated with typical antipsychotics (n = 117) reported a light increase in severity index (10.0 vs 10.2; n.s.), whereas in the atypical group (n = 248) there was a significant decrease (11.5 vs 10.0; p = 0.03). Haloperidol (–0.16; n.s.) and risperidone (–0.57; n.s.) subgroups showed no significant reduction of clinical severity, while olanzapine (–2.5; p = 0.05) and clozapine (–1.6; p = 0.02) subgroups proved a significant lowering. Therefore, the average annual total treatment cost per point of reduction on the HoNOS scale was € 6,754 for the atypical drugs and impossible to evaluate for the typical drugs. The same was € 4,554 for olanzapine, € 7,546 for clozapine, € 10,897 for risperidone, and € 22,394 for haloperidol. Assuming that typical neuroleptics are the first choice treatment for schizophrenia, the incremental costs for one point reduction on the severity scale is € 3,136 for atypical drugs; or is € 3,342 for olanzapine vs haloperidol (comparator), € 5,895 for clozapine, and € 6,591 for risperidone.
Conclusions: Although the pure cost for the atypical drugs is 16 times higher than for the typical ones (€ 1,563 vs € 96), the total treatment costs prove to be the most cost-effective and, among atypical drugs, olanzapine appears to be the best option
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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