382 research outputs found
L’ORO BIANCO DELLA MAREMMA: COLTIVARE SALE MARINO ALLE SOGLIE DELLA STORIA
No full textIl saggio esplora il ruolo fondamentale del sale nella storia dell’umanità, con particolare attenzione alla produzione e allo sfruttamento del sale marino nella Maremma toscana durante l’età del Bronzo e la prima età del Ferro. Attraverso un’analisi archeologica e storica, l’autore evidenzia come il sale, risorsa vitale per la fisiologia umana e animale, abbia influenzato profondamente le dinamiche economiche, sociali e simboliche delle comunità antiche. Viene illustrato il passaggio da un consumo spontaneo in epoca paleolitica a una produzione pianificata nel Neolitico, fino allo sviluppo di tecniche complesse di estrazione e cristallizzazione. Il territorio di Scarlino e il golfo di Baratti emergono come centri strategici per la produzione del sale, con strutture di forni e depositi ceramici che testimoniano un sapere tecnico condiviso a livello europeo. Il sale non solo garantiva la conservazione degli alimenti, ma diventava anche simbolo di valore, spiritualità e scambio culturale.This essay investigates the essential role of salt throughout human history, focusing on the production and exploitation of sea salt in Tuscany’s Maremma region during the Bronze Age and early Iron Age. Through archaeological and historical analysis, the author highlights how salt—a vital resource for both human and animal physiology—profoundly shaped the economic, social, and symbolic dynamics of ancient communities. The transition from spontaneous consumption in the Paleolithic to planned production in the Neolithic is traced, culminating in the development of sophisticated extraction and crystallization techniques. The areas of Scarlino and the Gulf of Baratti are identified as strategic centers for salt production, with kiln structures and ceramic deposits reflecting a shared technical knowledge across Europe. Salt not only ensured food preservation but also became a symbol of value, spirituality, and cultural exchang
On the closed-loop stochastic dynamics of two-state nonlinear exothermic CSTRs with PI temperature control
No full textFokker-Planck (FP) partial differential equation (PDE) theory is applied to characterize the stochastic dynamics of a class of open-loop (OL) 2-state nonlinear exothermic continuous reactors with: (i) zero and time-varying mean noise disturbances, and (ii) linear proportional-integral (PI) temperature control. The characterization includes: (i) the stochastic on deterministic dynamics dependency, (ii) gain condition for robust probability density function (PDF) stability over deterministic-diffusion time biscale with stationary monomodality at prescribed most probable (MP) state, (iii) evolutions of along nearly deterministic time scale of MP state and control and their variabilities, (iv) attainment of random motion in-probability (IP) stability over deterministic-diffusion time biscale, and (v) identification of the compromise between MP state regulation speed, robustness, and control effort. The methodological developments and findings are illustrated with three indicative examples with OL complex (bimodal and vulcanoid) stationary state PDFs, including analytic assessment as well as state PDF and random motion numerical simulation
Ciclo di conferenze presso l'ASSOCIAZIONE LOMBARDA ARCHEOLOGICA – AMICI DEL MUSEO ARCHEOLOGICO DI MILANO Coordinato dalla professoressa Maria Cristina Chiaramonte dal titolo: Archeologia italica oggi
No full textSi sono tenute 12 conferenze su argomenti inerenti le testimonianze archeologiche dei popoli stanziati nella penisola italica nel corso del I millennio a.C., con particolare attenzione alle genti del versante orientale della dorsale appenninica e della costa adriatica.
Archeologia italica oggi
Giovedì 24 gennaio 2008
Cristina Chiaramonte Treré: I popoli italici tra Etruschi e Greci
Giovedì 7 febbraio 2008
Giorgio Baratti: Pastori e guerrieri sulle vie della transumanza
Giovedì 21 febbraio 2008
Lucia Mordeglia: Le ultime scoperte: gli Italici ai piedi del Gran Sasso
Giovedì 20 marzo 2008
Claudia Lambrugo: Dalla capanna alla casa, abitare in Basilicata tra indigeni e Greci
Giovedì 10 aprile 2008
Rossella Mantia: Abbigliamento femminile dell’aristocrazia italica
Giovedì 24 aprile 2008
Cecilia Scotti: Paestum e Pompei, gli Italici conquistano le città
Giovedì 8 maggio 2008
Matteo Cadario: I santuari italici verso la Romanizzazione
Giovedì 22 maggio 2008
Federica Chiesa: Ornamenti e gioielli etrusco-italici
Inverno-primavera 2009
Patrizia Boccolini: I Veneti “dai bei cavalli”
Lucia Mordeglia: I Liguri dal mito alla realtà archeologica
Giorgio Baratti: Etruschi e Liguri tra Appennino e Tirreno
Rossella Mantia: Il Po, frontiera e ponte tra i popoli della pianur
Il rilievo fotogrammetrico della chiesa di San Colombano
No full textIl contributo illustra alcuni aspetti relativi all’acquisizione, al processamento e
alla restituzione delle immagini digitali del complesso figurato e architettonico di San Colombano di Postalesio
Oltre alla realizzazione di una documentazione fotografica conforme all’alto valore
del ciclo pittorico, obiettivo principale del lavoro era quello di effettuare una scansione
in alta definizione dell’affresco conservato nel catino absidale da cui estrarre un’ortofoto
come proiezione su un piano del dipinto che si snoda sulla superficie curvilinea
dell’abside
Dinamiche insediative nell’Appennino ligure emiliano tra età del Bronzo ed età del Ferro nel quadro dei rapporti con la pianura,
No full textL’articolo analizza le dinamiche insediative nell’Appennino ligure-emiliano tra l’età del Bronzo e l’età del Ferro, evidenziando il ruolo di questi territori nel contesto più ampio dell’Italia settentrionale. Attraverso dati archeologici, paleobotanici e paleoclimatici, si ricostruisce l’evoluzione del popolamento montano, dalla frequentazione neolitica alla stabilizzazione degli insediamenti in altura nel Bronzo Medio e Recente. L’autore sottolinea l’importanza delle trasformazioni ambientali e climatiche, in particolare la crisi ecologica attorno all’850 a.C., che avrebbe causato una contrazione demografica e una selezione degli ambienti insediabili. La ripresa nel VI secolo a.C. è interpretata come una nuova fase di colonizzazione e riorganizzazione territoriale, in stretta connessione con la rinascita dei centri urbani etruschi e la riattivazione delle reti economiche e viarieThis article explores settlement dynamics in the Ligurian-Emilian Apennines between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, highlighting the strategic role of these mountainous areas within northern Italy. Using archaeological, paleobotanical, and paleoclimatic data, the study traces the evolution of highland habitation from Neolithic occupation to the establishment of stable settlements during the Middle and Late Bronze Age. The author emphasizes the impact of environmental and climatic changes, particularly the ecological crisis around 850 BCE, which likely led to demographic decline and selective settlement patterns. The resurgence in the 6th century BCE is interpreted as a new phase of territorial colonization and reorganization, closely linked to the revival of Etruscan urban centers and the reactivation of economic and communication networks
Design and Experimental Verification of a Nonlinear Reactor Estimator
No full textA procedure for the implementation of a nonlinear extended Kalman filter to infer the outlet concentration of a catalytic reactor from temperature measurements is developed. The role of the reactor model in determining the reliability of the conversion estimates is discussed in detail. The estimator performance is checked by comparison with the dynamic experimental behavior of a catalytic reactor where the oxidation of CO to CO2 is carried out on a Pt-alumina-supported catalyst. The application of the developed estimation procedure to reactors of interest in applications is discussed
Learning to navigate a crystallization model with Deep Reinforcement Learning
No full textIn this work, a combination of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based measurement sensor and a reinforcement learning (RL) framework that speeds up the control loop is presented. The objective of the controller is to reach a target mean size and to reduce the variability of the crystal sizes. The CNN based sensor improves the quality of crystal size measurement and reduces the time to process images while the RL framework learns to navigate the crystallization model optimally even in the face of disturbances. The proposed data driven strategy is validated against an unseeded crystallization of sodium chloride in water using ethanol as antisolvent in an experimental bench-scale semi-batch crystallizer. We find that the RL-based controller can be trained offline to optimize multiple target conditions while the CNN provides accurate feedback for the controller to recompute the optimal actions in the face of disturbances and guide the system towards the target
Optimal strategies to control particle size and variance in antisolvent crystallization operations using deep RL
No full textSolution crystallization operations have complex dynamics that are typically lumped into two competing processes namely nucleation and growth. Mathematical models can be used to describe these two processes and their effect on the crystal population when subject to variables like temperature, addition of anti-solvent, etc. To ensure that the crystals meet specific performance objectives, the models need to be solved and the control variables need to be optimized. This has largely been done until now using algorithms from dynamic programming or optimal control theory. Recently, however, it has been shown that learning frameworks like Reinforcement Learning can solve large optimization problems efficiently while offering distinct advantages. In this work, we explore the possibility of computing the optimal profiles of a semi-batch crystallizer to control the mean size and variance using four different deep RL algorithms. The performance on one of the tasks is evaluated experimentally on the anti-solvent crystallization of NaCl in a water-ethanol system
Geometric observer for a distillation column: Development and experimental testing
No full textThe estimation of the product composition profiles for a distillation column is addressed by using
an observer based on the differential geometry theory. The estimation problem is challenging
because of the markedly nonlinear behavior of the column and because of the ill-conditioning of
the observability matrix at the operating condition investigated in the paper. The proposed
solution is to consider the estimator structure as a degree of freedom in order to improve the
estimator robustness without affecting the capability to accurately reconstruct the composition
profile. Guidelines are provided to select the observer structure and the location of the
measurement sensors. The observer is designed and tested experimentally on a 10-m high pilotplant
distillation column separating an ethanol/water system. The results indicate that the
observer is able to accurately reconstruct the composition dynamics over a wide set of operating
conditions
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