10,328 research outputs found
R. Rajesh Babu, Remedies under the WTO legal system, Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2012
No full textCassella Sarah. R. Rajesh Babu, Remedies under the WTO legal system, Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2012. In: Annuaire français de droit international, volume 58, 2012. pp. 988-989
Packing Arc-Disjoint 4-Cycles in Oriented Graphs
No full textGiven a directed graph G and a positive integer k, the Arc Disjoint r-Cycle Packing problem asks whether G has k arc-disjoint r-cycles. We show that, for each integer r ≥ 3, Arc Disjoint r-Cycle Packing is NP-complete on oriented graphs with girth r. When r is even, the same result holds even when the input class is further restricted to be bipartite. On the positive side, focusing on r = 4 in oriented graphs, we study the complexity of the problem with respect to two parameterizations: solution size and vertex cover size. For the former, we give a cubic kernel with quadratic number of vertices. This is smaller than the compression size guaranteed by a reduction to the well-known 4-Set Packing. For the latter, we show fixed-parameter tractability using an unapparent integer linear programming formulation of an equivalent problem
A new species of Gomphidia Selys, 1854 (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from the Western Ghats of India
No full textBabu, R., Subramanian, K.A. (2019): A new species of Gomphidia Selys, 1854 (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from the Western Ghats of India. Zootaxa 4652 (1): 155-164, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4652.1.
Soa papanasam Ramesh & Babu & Subramanian 2020, sp. nov.
No full textSoa papanasam sp. nov. (Figs 1–23) Female. Colour. Head brown without markings, eyes black, antennae pale, ocelli are hyaline with pigmented centripetal crescents (Fig. 3). First segment of maxillary palps pale brown, with segments two to four progressively darker and the last segment almost brownish black. Forewing membrane uniformly brown, hairs of outer margin brown, scales metallic purple, vein dark ferruginous brown except bases of R1 and Rs, pedicel of the radial forks, bases of R4+5 and M1, the base of R, the region between the points of origin of M2 and M3 which are light brown, distal part of Cu1b lighter; hindwing hyaline, veins ferruginous brown. Thorax brown, legs dark yellowish brown, abdomen blackish brown. Morphology. Head: Almost triangular (Fig. 3) with rounded posterior angles, bearing long hairs; eyes large, three ocelli, two on the vertex laterally and one in the middle at the end of frons forming a triangular arrangement, middle ocellus smaller than lateral ones; antennae with 14 flagellomeres, scape and pedicel short and stout, cylindrical flagellar segments long and slender; anterior margin of labrum smoothly rounded. Outer cusp of lacinal apex bilobed, uneven, inner cusp shorter (Fig. 9). Clypeus strongly bulged; first palpomere short, third palpomere a little longer than the first, second and fourth palpomeres longer than third (Fig. 4); second palpomere with single acuminate sensory spine (Fig. 5, arrow mark), P4 boat shaped with 3-4 thin-walled sensilla (Fig. 6). Thorax: Prothorax narrow, collar-like, mesothorax with long hairs. Forewing: Well developed, large, broad, apex rounded, covered with different sizes of scales (Fig. 10). Vein 2Sc present and distinct, sub costa (Sc) vague, further along it joins vein R and branches off in the distal half of the wing as the first in the series Sc’ (base of the pterostigma), R1, R2+3, and R4+5 reaching the wing margin before the wing apex. Base of R present but vague. R1 and Rs fused with short distance, pedicel of the radial cells shorter than R4+5; Rs and M fused over a length; vein M3 arising from where Rs branches off from Rs +M; M2 and M3 broadly away from each other, the distance between their points of origin only slightly shorter than the length of M1; pedicel of the cubital fork short; the branches of Cu1a and Cu1b moderately long, distal part of vein Cu1b indistinct, Cu2 indistinctly demarcated, IA indistinct or absent (Fig. 12). Hindwing: Narrow closed basal cell; anterior margin moderately depressed in middle, distally rounded, Sc basally distinct, but distally faded in to the wing membrane; R and M+Cu not completely joined at the wing base, R1 arising between the origin of Ml and M2 (well proximal to M1); Cu1 arising from the hind margin of the basal cell (Fig. 13). Legs: Coxae of mesothoracic legs interlocked (Figs 7–8). Femora flattened, tibiae long and cylindrical, tarsi three segmented bearing two strong end-spurs, one short and the another one long. Claws with two preapical teeth; pulvillus setiform (Fig. 11). Abdomen: Fusiform, whole abdomen bearing narrow, obtuse and apically rounded scales of different sizes. Genitalia: Gonapophyses external valve rounded, setose, moderately sclerotized (Fig. 17); subgenital plate (Fig. 16) broad, transverse, central margin sclerotised with patch of setose, posterior margin with two pair of long setae; epiproct semi-circular, setose; paraproct with field of six trichobothria, median margin bears long and slender spine (Fig. 18). Spermathecal sac: Spongiform gland complex, spongiform stalk arising lateral side from the duct entrance; appendix invisible, oval, opposite to spongiform gland; duct stalk sclerotised (Fig. 19); spermathecal sheath long and cylindrical (Fig. 20). Measurements (in µm). BL: 1898, FWL: 1821, HWL: 1587, F: 535.82, T: 916.82, t1: 369.94, t2: 80.23, t3: 72.09, ctt1: 14, Mx4: 186.02, f1: 156.60, f2: 143.17, f3: 128.23, f4: 120.36, f5: 63.57, f6: 69.87, f7: 66.06, f8: 67.07, f9: 77.87, f10: 76.06, f11: 83.72, f12: 78.21, f13: 61.91, f14: 12.07, IO: 357.60, D: 264.0, d: 195.0, IO/d: 1.833, PO: 0.738, ioc: 111.83, IO/ioc: 3.19. Male. Colour. Same as the female. Morphology. Similar to female except genitalia. Hypandrium heavily setose, margin gradually narrowed, distally rounded (Fig. 21). Phallosome basal struts tips inwardly curved, internal parameres strongly sclerotised, goblet apodemes arising from the posterior margins of the external rami (Fig. 22). Epiproct semicircular, scattered setose; paraproct with field of six trichobothria, median margin bearing a long and slender spine (Fig. 23). Measurements (in µm). BL: 1791, FWL: 1928, HWL: 1679, F: 538.48, T: 868.57, t1: 347.47, t2: 70.66, t3: 60.98, ctt1: 14, Mx4: 188.65, f1: 139.04, f2: 109.65, f3: 96.00, f4: 89.76, f5: 60.70, f6: 63.96, f7: 49.75, f8: 63.08, f9: 82.31, f10: 90.32, f11: 81.36, f12: 85.60, f13: 79.59, f14: 13.12, IO: 415.30, D: 249.0, d: 142.0, PO: 0.570, ioc: 108.67, IO/ioc: 3.82. Material studied. HOLOTYPE. Female. INDIA. Gouthalaiaru, Karaiyar Beat, Mundanthurai Range, Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, 8°40’3.576” N, 77°16’ 39.251” E. Altitude 288.8 m, 18.viii.2019, R. Babu. Habitat: Riparian semi evergreen forest. Paratypes: 5 males, 7 females. Same data as the holotype; 4 males, 3 females. Venniyar, riparian semi evergreen forest upstream of Suruli waterfalls, Cumbam East Range, Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Theni District, Tamil Nadu, India, 9°39’16.704” N, 77°18’ 20.412” E, Altitude 483.4 m, 27.ii.2019, R. Babu (for distribution see Fig. 24). Holotype (Reg. No. I /PSO/37), 7 male paratypes, and 8 female paratypes (Reg. No. I /PSO/38-45) deposited at the Southern Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai. Paratypes of both sexes will be deposited at the Central Entomological Laboratory, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Etymology. The species epithet refers to the Papanasam dam located close to the type locality.Published as part of Ramesh, Gurusamy, Babu, Rajappa & Subramanian, Kumarapuram A., 2020, New species of Soa Enderlein, 1904 (Psocodea: ' Psocoptera': Lepidopsocidae) from the Western Ghats of India, pp. 383-392 in Zootaxa 4881 (2) on pages 384-391, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/428358
Book review: management education in India: perspectives and practices by Manish Thakur and Rajesh R. Babu
No full textIn Management Education in India: Perspectives and Practices, editors Manish Thakur and Rajesh R. Babu bring together contributors to analyse the development of business and management education in India in the context of the nations’s recent social, political and economic transformations. The volume offers a good overview of the role played by Indian business and management schools, finds Maziar Jafary, and also reveals how dominant discourses continue to shape institutions of higher learning across the country
Orthetrum erythronigrum sp. nov. (Odonata: Libellulidae) from the Great Nicobar Island, India
No full textSubramanian, K.A., Babu, R., Kalkman, V.J. (2020): Orthetrum erythronigrum sp. nov. (Odonata: Libellulidae) from the Great Nicobar Island, India. Zootaxa 4869 (2): 242-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.2.
FIGURE 29 in A new species of Gomphidia Selys, 1854 (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from the Western Ghats of India
No full textFIGURE 29. Habitat of Gomphidia podhigai sp. nov. at the type locality, Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu.Published as part of Babu, R. & Subramanian, K.A., 2019, A new species of Gomphidia Selys, 1854 (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from the Western Ghats of India, pp. 155-164 in Zootaxa 4652 (1) on page 162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4652.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/336363
The role of anti-IgE therapies in the treatment of asthma
No full textThe prevalence of asthma, a chronic inflammatory disease often linked to allergy, is on the increase. The introduction of a blocking anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (omalizumab) as a new therapy has not only confirmed the pathogenic role of IgE in asthma but has also provided a novel therapy for a chronic severe disease where there are limited therapeutic options
Landuse Patterns, Air Quality And Bird Diversity In Urban Landscapes Of Delhi
No full textKumar, V., Jolli, V., Babu, C. R. (2022): Landuse Patterns, Air Quality And Bird Diversity In Urban Landscapes Of Delhi. Zoodiversity 56 (1): 39-50, DOI: 10.15407/zoo2022.01.039, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/zoo2022.01.03
Gomphidia podhigai Babu & Subramanian 2019, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Gomphidia podhigai</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 8–22)</p> <p> <b>Material.</b> <b>Holotype:</b> 1♂, India, Tamil Nadu, Aghastyamalai biosphere reserve, Kanyakumari District, Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary, Kaliyal Range, Kaliyal Beat, Velachithodu (08.53833N, 077.31174E, 480 m asl), 04.iv.2017, leg. R. Venkitesan. Holotype deposited at Southern Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai, India with Reg. No. I /OD 1560.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species epithet “ <i>podhigai</i> ” is named after the ancient Tamil name for the Aghastyamalai were the type locality is situated.</p> <p> <b>Description of holotype.</b> <i>Head</i> (Figs. 10–12): Face bright yellow marked with black; labium yellow, base marked with black (Fig. 10); labrum black marked with large yellow spot on each side; mandibles black. Anteclypeus and clypeus bright yellow and bordered with thin black line; postclypeus with broad black band.Antefrons black and postfrons black with large yellow spot on each side (Fig. 11). Vertex and occiput black; two black robust horns on vertex with short golden hairs (red arrow in Fig.12). Eyes dark brown in preservation.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i> (Figs. 13–14): Prothorax black fringed with long grey hairs. Pterothorax black marked with bright yellow; a robust spine in middorsal carina (red arrow in Fig. 13). A broad deeply interrupted yellow mesothoracic collar widely separated from pyriformed antehumeral stripes, pointed below; a small superior humeral spot and lower elongated citron yellow spot; mesepisternum black; broad bright yellow stripes on mesepimeron and metepimeron separated by a broad black stripe in metepisternum with yellow triangular spot in upper and lower end; the yellow stripe in mesepimeron slightly constricted in the middle and posterior yellow stripe cover the whole of the metepimeron; dorsally, mesepisternum and metepisternum end in backwardly directed black spine (red and white arrows in Fig. 14). <i>Legs</i>: Black with robust short spines; coxae, trochanters and fore femora with yellow spots.</p> <p> <i>Wings</i> (Fig. 9): Transparent. Ax 20 in right and left Fw; Px 15 in left and 13 in right Fw. Ax 15 and 16, Px 13 and 14 in left and right Hw; triangle 4 celled in Fw and 3 celled in Hw; super triangle 3 celled in all the wings; subtriangle 3 celled in left Fw, 2 celled in left Hw and right Fw and entire in right Hw; 3 cubital cross veins in Fw and 2 in Hw; pt black and very long about 7 celled in Fw and 6-6½ celled in Hw; anal triangle six celled in left Hw and 7 celled in right Hw.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen</i>: Black marked with bright yellow as follows; S1 with narrow apical dorsal line; dorsum of S2 with basal triangular spot not extending to the apex; S2 with long backwardly pointed black auricle arising from triangular yellow spot at base (red arrow in Fig. 15); S3–S5 small baso-dorsal spot pointed at apical end which gradually decreases in size in S4 and S5; S6 a small basal spot in each side; S7 basal half deep reddish brown; S8 and S9 entirely black, dorsum of S10 marked with broad yellow stripe expanding as a round spot apically; laterally, marked with yellow spots towards apical end of the segment.</p> <p> <i>Anal appendages</i> (Figs. 16–18): Black, cerci long (about 7mm) equal to the length of S9, machete shaped, downwardly curved with broad base, narrow middle portion and up turned, expanded apical portion, meet with each other with a pointed end; paraprocts very small (<2mm) and triangular shaped.</p> <p> <i>Accessory genitalia</i> (Figs. 19–22): In lateral view, unexposed lamina anterior and genital lobe helmet shaped, black with yellow apices; lamina anterior and hamulus anterior fringe with long hairs (Figs. 19 & 21); ventrally, lamina anterior black, very sinuous, long, pointed and deeply hollowed out in centre (Fig. 19); extended condition, hamulus anterior black, very long, basal half very broad, expanded medially and gradually taper and end as sharply pointed strong hooks (Figs. 20–21); hamulus posterior black tipped with yellow, tongue like shape, slightly shorter than anterior, flat, obtuse at apex (Figs. 20–21). <i>Vesica spermalis</i>: V 2 long and ‘C’ shaped, V 3 shorter than V 2, apex of V 4 with short medial tubular stem extend as a long coiled flagellum on each side (red arrow in Figs. 21–22).</p> <p> <b>Measurements (mm):</b> Fw 44, Hw 42, abdomen with appendages 55, cerci 7.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>: Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> <i>Gomphidia podhigai</i> is compared with other <i>Gomphidia</i> species from India and Sri Lanka. <i>Gomphidia podhigai</i> is similar to <i>G. kodaguensis</i>, <i>G. pearsoni</i> and <i>G. platyceps</i> in general coloration and markings and they occupy similar habitat in hill streams of Western Ghats and Sri Lanka. However, <i>G. podhigai</i> can be easily distinguished from <i>G. platyceps</i> by the presence of a pair of horns in vertex which is absent in <i>G. platyceps</i> and from <i>G. pearsoni</i> by the presence of prominent yellow markings in S10; from <i>G. kodaguensis</i>, the new species differs by the absence of yellow markings in S8–S9. In <i>G. podhigai</i> cerci are as long as S9, but longer than S 9 in <i>G. t-nigrum</i>, <i>G. kodaguensis, G. fletcheri</i> and <i>G. williamsoni</i> (Figs. 23–26). The shape of vesica spermalis of <i>G. podhigai</i> is different from <i>G. t-nigrum</i> and <i>G. fletcheri</i> (Figs. 27–28).</p> <p> <b>Habitat and Ecology:</b> The type locality is a hill stream with large boulders in a semi evergreen forest (Fig. 29; Map-1).</p>Published as part of <i>Babu, R. & Subramanian, K. A., 2019, A new species of Gomphidia Selys, 1854 (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from the Western Ghats of India, pp. 155-164 in Zootaxa 4652 (1)</i> on pages 157-161, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4652.1.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3363637">http://zenodo.org/record/3363637</a>
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