2,539 research outputs found
Ayad Akhtar: A Conversation
No full textOn October 25, Pakistani-born artist and RISD alumna Shahzia Sikander, the Painting Department\u27s 2016 Kirloskar Fellow, organized a lecture and conversation with playwright and author–and her frequent collaborator–Ayad Akhtar, at the RISD Metcalf Auditorium.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/painting_kirloskarvisitingscholarlectures/1000/thumbnail.jp
IDENTITY NEGOTIATION OF PAKISTANI-AMERICAN MUSLIMS IN AYAD AKHTAR'S HOMELAND ELEGIES
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki bagaimana generasi pertama dan kedua Muslim Pakistan-Amerika menegosiasikan identitas ganda mereka dalam Homeland Elegies karya Ayad Akhtar. Mulai saat ini, nama Ayad Akhtar akan mengacu pada karakter dalam novel, bukan penulisnya, kecuali dinyatakan sebaliknya. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep poskolonial milik Bhabha mengenai mimikri, ambivalensi, hibriditas serta teori orientalisme milik Said dan teori budaya milik William. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis untuk menganalisis proses, alasan, dan bentuk Ayad dan orang tuanya dalam menegosiasikan identitas ganda mereka sebagai Muslim Pakistan-Amerika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa negosiasi identitas tokoh utama dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor penting yaitu keluarga, lingkungan sosial, dan nilai-nilai Islam yang diajarkan oleh keluarganya. Akibatnya, generasi pertama dan kedua terus-menerus menegosiasikan identitas mereka untuk bersosialisasi dengan baik di dunia yang terus berubah. Ayad dan orang tuanya melalui berbagai proses negosiasi identitas. Negosiasi identitas imigran generasi pertama ditunjukkan melalui perbedaan tindakan dan juga pendapat Ayad terhadap budaya Pakistan, Amerika, dan Islam. Ayad lebih kritis terhadap budaya tersebut dan negosiasinya terbukti lebih ekstrem bagi seorang Muslim, seperti mengenakan salib dan berpartisipasi dalam seks bebas. Proses pada imigran generasi kedua berbeda dengan generasi pertama, Sikander dalam bentuk mimikri obsesif ketika ia mencoba untuk meniru segala sesuatu yang Amerika dan juga percaya pada nilai-nilai fanatik atau rasis. Bentuk Fatima kontras karena dia lebih tahan dengan budayanya sendiri, Fatima menyangkal hampir semua hal Amerika dan memilih untuk hanya mengikuti budaya Pakistan-Muslim. Terlepas dari bentuk negosiasi identitas yang sangat berbeda antara Sikander dan Fatima, kedua karakter tersebut diperlihatkan lebih menyukai budaya tanah air mereka. Pada akhirnya, Ayad menemukan identitas Amerikanya, Sikander mendapatkan kembali identitas Pakistannya, dan Fatima mempertahankan identitas Pakistan-Muslimnya.
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This study aims to investigate the negotiation of the first and second generation of Pakistani-American Muslim’s multiple identities in Homeland Elegies written by Ayad Akhtar the author. From this point on, the name Ayad Akhtar will be referring to the character in the novel instead of the author unless stated otherwise. This study is deploying Bhabha’s postcolonial concepts of mimicry, ambivalence, hybridity also Said’s orientalism theory and William’s culture theory. This study applied descriptive analytical method to analyse the process, reason, and form of Ayad and his parents in negotiating their multiple identities as Pakistani-American Muslim. The finding showed that the main characters identity negotiation had been influenced by several important factors which were family, social environment, and Islamic values taught by their family. As a result, the first and second generations were continuously negotiating their identities in order to properly socialize in a changing world. Ayad and his parents went through various processes of identity negotiation. The first-generation immigrant identity negotiation is shown through the difference of action and also opinion Ayad has towards Pakistani, American, and Islamic culture. Ayad is more critical towards those and his negotiation are shown to be more extreme for a Muslim, such as wearing a cross and participating in casual sex. The process in second-generation immigrant is different compared to first generation, Sikander is in the form obsessive mimicry as he tried to mimic everything American and also believed in bigoted or racist values. Fatima’s form is contrast as she was more resilient with her own cultures, Fatima denied almost everything American and chose to only follow Pakistani-Muslim cultures. Despite the wildly different forms of identity negotiation between Sikander and Fatima, both characters are shown to prefer their homeland cultures. In the end, Ayad discovered his American identity, Sikander regained his Pakistani identity, and Fatima kept her Pakistani-Muslim identity
THE REPRESENTATION OF FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE IN AYAD AKHTAR’S AMERICAN DERVISH
No full textThis research analyzes the representation of feminist perspective in
American Dervish novel. It is portrayed in Ayad Akhtar’s American Dervish by
its female characterization. In literary work, character can be used as an
equipment to deliver the idea of the author through the story to the readers.
Through American Dervish, Ayad Akhtar tells an interesting story about
Pakistani-American culture. There are three problems to discuss in this research.
The first is the women’s oppression in the novel, then, the representation of
feminist perspective in the novel, and the last is the author’s ideology that
constructed behind the novel.
This research is significant because it discusses about gender inequality
that often happens in Pakistani-American society. This research aims to gain
understanding about the representation of feminism in the midst of Pakistani
American Muslim societies that is considered as strong patriarchal culture.
To support the analysis, I use the Stuart Hall’s theory of representation and
Chandra Mohanty’s feminism approach. Theory of representation is used to
analyze the feminist perspective in the novel that supported by Mohanty’s
feminism approach. Then, from the results of analysis, finally I found the author’s
ideology from connecting previous analysis results with the social context of the
novel, and the social background of the author. Specifically, the social context and
social background that I discuss is about Pakistani American Muslim life in
1980’s, even until nowadays. This research is qualitative research. This research is
divided into two kinds of data, primary data and secondary data. The primary data
are taken from the narrative and descriptive dialogues in Ayad Akhtar’s American
Dervish. I use literature journals, essays, articles, relevant books and e-sources as
the secondary data.
As the result of the discussion, it can be inferred that the author delivers
his feminist perspective through the female characterization in his American
Dervish novel. Mina and Muneer are two female characters who have feminist
perspective in the novel. The feminist perspective in the novel mostly emerge in
merely the way of thinking or mindset like criticizing, complaining, etc, but
female characters cannot escape from this oppression that is resulted by the
patriarchal culture that have been practiced for a long time ago. Basically, the
author criticizes the fundamentalism in Islam that also affects to gender issues.
Above all, the author tries to advocate gender equality. By this research, we can
know that Islam actually holds woman in high esteem, and woman has some equal
rights with men. The patriarchal culture that occurs in most Muslim societies is
resulted by many factors, such as misinterpretation, misconception, etc
Correction: Lymph node metastasis in level IIb in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicentric, longitudinal, retrospective analysis (European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, (2023), 280, 2, (869-876), 10.1007/s00405-022-07647-6)
No full textIn the original publication of the article, the first and last names were swapped for the following authors “Giovanni Cammaroto, Giuditta Mannelli, Gabriele Molteni, Virginia Dallari, Jerome R. Lechien, Manuel Tucciarone, Tareck Ayad, Giuseppe Meccariello”. The names are corrected in this article. The original article has been updated
Economic-lot-size formulas in manufacturing using MATLAB
No full textEconomic-lot-size formulas enable us to get number of orders that reduce costs of each of: inventory, setup, and ordering. In manufacturing problems, formulas of economic-lot-size may give rise in unrealizable schedules, in some production periods the shop could not satisfy demands, whereas at other times slack periods that lead to idleness may occur. This research depicts a technique that allows the computation of order quantities in order that demands are satisfied with available labor and machines. The technique includes a simple step-by-step computation, particularly adaptable to computer programming (MATLAB).M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Ayad Abdulaziz Mahmoo
Males are Toxic: A Masculine Critique of Ayad Akhtar’s Play The Who & The What
No full textHegemonic and toxic traits of masculinity are complex concepts that have affected personal relationships and social hierarchies for centuries. The play The Who & The What by Ayad Akhtar presents these traits through the male character, Afzal, a Pakistani American citizen whose traditional culture and modern American lifestyle, lead him to adopt these forms of masculinity. Therefore, the present study basically aims to examine the impact of Afzal’s masculinity in Akhtar’s play The Who & The What on his daughters, Zarina and Mahwish, as well as on Zarina’s husband, Eli. The Who & The What centers on Zarina, the female protagonist, who challenges her society by writing a novel titled The Who & The What, exploring the personal life of the prophet Muhammad (PBUH). As the play progresses, her father, Afzal, opposes her and anyone who crosses the limits set by their traditional Arab-Muslim culture. However, employing the notions of Hegemonic Masculinity by R. W. Connell and the Toxic Theory of Masculinity as proposed by Terry A. Kupers provides new lenses to analyze the text of the play. Thus, the present study reveals that Afzal’s actions reflect certain hegemonic and toxic aspects such as authority, domination, control, superiority, and making decisions for others
Being In A 'Blanked-Out' State of Mind
No full textBeing in a ‘Blanked Out State’ - Extinction of Self/Consciousness of A Human
Author: Ayad Gharbawi
2023
Word Count: 1,088
Key Words: Human Existence; Human Non-existence; Mind; Awareness; Non-awareness; Extinction of Mind, Self and Physicality
Dear Sir/Madam;
I hope this email finds you well.
This paper seeks to prove that in certain mental states, the Mind can be in what we call in the English language, ‘being in a blanked-out state.’ This means the conscious person is not thinking, feeling, sensing, hearing, or smelling anything – his Mind is in a state of Nothingness precisely because he is not acting, reacting or interacting with the Constituents of his own Mind [CoM] or with anything in his surroundings.
So, what can say about such an individual?
In this manuscript, I will argue that the person in question no longer exists.
Why? Because the individual’s Awareness is non-existent. And this is the decisive reason for this phenomenon.
Neither his Mind is aware, conscious, alert to anything and nor is his body alert, aware, or sensitive to anything. Therefore, the Mind and the Physicality of the person are extinct.
It is no different to being in a coma or a dreamless state. Thus, our lives, and our existence cannot be a linear field precisely because every now and then we cease to ‘exist’, as just explained.
It is counterintuitive for people to think that when they blank out for a few moments, they ‘no longer exist’, but in every practical and functional sense, it is true. We like to think we are in ‘control’ of ourselves, our minds, and our bodies, but in truth, that is far from being the case
Correction: Lymph node metastasis in level IIb in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicentric, longitudinal, retrospective analysis (European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, (2023), 280, 2, (869-876), 10.1007/s00405-022-07647-6)
No full textpeer reviewedIn the original publication of the article, the first and last names were swapped for the following authors “Giovanni Cammaroto, Giuditta Mannelli, Gabriele Molteni, Virginia Dallari, Jerome R. Lechien, Manuel Tucciarone, Tareck Ayad, Giuseppe Meccariello”. The names are corrected in this article. The original article has been updated
Being In A 'Blanked-Out' State of Mind
No full textBeing in a ‘Blanked Out State’ - Extinction of Self/Consciousness of A Human
Author: Ayad Gharbawi
2023
Word Count: 1,088
Key Words: Human Existence; Human Non-existence; Mind; Awareness; Non-awareness; Extinction of Mind, Self and Physicality
Dear Sir/Madam;
I hope this email finds you well.
This paper seeks to prove that in certain mental states, the Mind can be in what we call in the English language, ‘being in a blanked-out state.’ This means the conscious person is not thinking, feeling, sensing, hearing, or smelling anything – his Mind is in a state of Nothingness precisely because he is not acting, reacting or interacting with the Constituents of his own Mind [CoM] or with anything in his surroundings.
So, what can say about such an individual?
In this manuscript, I will argue that the person in question no longer exists.
Why? Because the individual’s Awareness is non-existent. And this is the decisive reason for this phenomenon.
Neither his Mind is aware, conscious, alert to anything and nor is his body alert, aware, or sensitive to anything. Therefore, the Mind and the Physicality of the person are extinct.
It is no different to being in a coma or a dreamless state. Thus, our lives, and our existence cannot be a linear field precisely because every now and then we cease to ‘exist’, as just explained.
It is counterintuitive for people to think that when they blank out for a few moments, they ‘no longer exist’, but in every practical and functional sense, it is true. We like to think we are in ‘control’ of ourselves, our minds, and our bodies, but in truth, that is far from being the case
U-Index: A Universal Indexing Framework for Matching Long Patterns
No full textMotivation. Text indexing is a fundamental and well-studied problem. Classic solutions to this problem either replace the original text with a compressed representation, e.g., the FM-index and its variants, or keep it uncompressed but attach some redundancy - an index - to accelerate matching, e.g., the suffix array. The former solutions thus retain excellent compressed space, but are practically slow to construct and query. The latter approaches, instead, sacrifice space efficiency but are typically faster; for example, the suffix array takes much more space than the text itself for commonly used alphabets, like ASCII or DNA, but it is very fast to construct and query. Methods. In this paper, we show that efficient text indexing can be achieved using just a small extra space on top of the original text, provided that the query patterns are sufficiently long. More specifically, we develop a new indexing paradigm in which a sketch of a query pattern is first matched against a sketch of the text. Once candidate matches are retrieved, they are verified using the original text. This paradigm is thus universal in the sense that it allows us to use any solution to index the sketched text, like a suffix array, FM-index, or r-index. Results. We explore both the theory and the practice of this universal framework. With an extensive experimental analysis, we show that, surprisingly, universal indexes can be constructed much faster than their unsketched counterparts and take a fraction of the space, as a direct consequence of (i) having a lower bound on the length of patterns and (ii) working in sketch space. Furthermore, these data structures have the potential of retaining or even improving query time, because matching against the sketched text is faster and verifying candidates can be theoretically done in constant time per occurrence (or, in practice, by short and cache-friendly scans of the text). Finally, we discuss some important applications of this novel indexing paradigm to computational biology. We hypothesize that such indexes will be particularly effective when the queries are sufficiently long, and so we demonstrate applications in long-read mapping
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