165 research outputs found
Self-concept in normal and criminal male adolescents: A comparative study
No full textBackground and aimOne of the fundamental concepts in the development of character with especial importance in adolescence is the concept of self. Therefore, self-concept warrants investigation. The aim of this study was to compare the self-concept of normal and criminal adolescents between 12 and 14 at Tehran. Materials and methods In this descriptive-comparative study, 200 adolescents including all available 50 criminals and 150 normal adolescents selected by purposive sampling took part in the study. Governmental schools from selected districts of Tehran and Disciplinary and Education Center were the places of study. A questionnaire in 2 parts, demographics and items related to self-concept derived from Piers-Harris Questionnaire was used for data collection. Although this questionnaire is considered a valid and reliable tool to measure self-concept in children and adolescents, it was validated again with content validity index (90.12) in this study. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11/5. Findings 51.3% of normal adolescents had negative self-concept (31.3%, negative and 20%, very negative) and 48.7% had positive self-concept. In all (100%) criminal adolescents, self-concept was very negative. Therefore, a significant difference was found between self-concept of the two groups (p=0.001). ConclusionIn general, normal adolescents had higher self-concept than criminal ones, which may be related to psychological and familial differences in the 2 groups. Keywords: Crime, Self-concept, Adolescents. *Corresponding Author: Fatemeh Alaee Karahroudy .Dept. of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran E-mail: [email protected]
Determination of tetrabromobisphenol A in sediment and sludge
No full textTBBPA is a high production volume flame-retardant that is used primarily in printed circuit boards. There is limited information available on the occurrence of TBBPA in the environment. TBBPA has limited water solubility and a moderately large log KOW and therefore is likely to sorb to sediment or organic matter in soil once it enters the environment. To address the lack of information on concentrations of TBBPA in North America, a method was developed for the determination of TBBPA in sediment and sewage sludge using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and micro-column clean-up prior to analysis by isotope dilution gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS). The method was applied, and the concentration of TBBPA was determined in Detroit River suspended sediments (0.30 to 1.61 ng/g, d.wt.) and sewage sludge from southern Ontario (below detection to 43.1 ng/g, d.wt.) as well as biosolids from the United States (2.98 to 196 ng/g, d.wt.)
Prevalence of Stroke in neonates who admitted with seizures in neonatal intensive care unit
No full textHow to Cite This Article: Farhadi R, Alaee AR, Alipour Z, Abbaskhanian A, Nakhshab M, Derakhshanfar H. Prevalence of Stroke in NeonatesWho Admitted With Seizures in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Iran J Child Neurol. Autumn 2015;9(4):41-47.AbstractObjectivePrevalence of neonatal stroke has been reported 1/2300-1/4000 live births and accounts for 12-20% of the cases of neonatal seizures. Although stroke has been introduced as the second cause of the neonatal seizures in literatures, it may remain unclear in diagnostic evaluations of seizure in neonates. This study was performed to assess the prevalence of stroke in neonates with seizure.Materials & MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, all neonates ≥ 28 weeks of gestation with a diagnosis of seizures admitted to the NICU of Boo-Ali Sina Hospital in Sari, north of Iran, were enrolled. Brain CT scan and a Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography were performed for the all cases. In cases that stroke were reported in one or two above modalities, an MRI was also performed and prevalence of stroke was reported. Putative risk factors of stroke were analyzed with univariate and multivariate statistical methods.ResultsFrom 174 newborn infants, 75.3% of neonates were male. Prevalence of stroke was 8%, 2.3% and 3.4% in Doppler ultrasonography, CT scan and MRI reports respectively. Umbilical venous catheterization was the risk factor of stroke in the univariate and multivariate analysis (P= 0.001; OR, 10.39; 95% CI, 2.72-39.77). The most common form of seizure was focal clonic seizures (78.6%) in neonates with stroke.ConclusionInvestigation of stroke as an etiology of neonatal seizures is essential because seizure may be the only symptom of neonatal cerebral infarction. Doppler ultrasonography can be a valuable diagnostic tool at first in critically ill neonates or in situations that MRI is not available primarily. Further studies with notice to outcome assessment of these infants recommended.
Monitoring Network in the Alpine Region for Persistent and other Organic Pollutants: A multinational approach to investigate the contamination of the Alps with organic compounds.
No full textBiotinidase Deficiency: A Reversible Neurometabolic Disorder (An Iranian Pediatric Case Series)
No full text How to Cite This Article: Karimzadeh P, Ahmadabadi F, Jafari N, Jabbehdari S, Alaee MR, Ghofrani M, Taghdiri MM, Tonekaboni SH. Biotinidase Deficiency: A Reversible Neurometabolic Disorder (An Iranian Pediatric Case Series). Iran J Child Neurol. 2013 Autumn; 7(4):47- 52. ObjectiveBiotinidase deficiency is one of the rare congenital metabolic disorders with autosomal recessive inheritance. If this disorder is diagnosed in newborn period, could be prevented well from mental and physical developmentaldelay and most of clinical manifestations.Materials & MethodsThe patients were diagnosed as biotinidase deficiency in Neurology Department of Mofid Children’s Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between 2009 and 2012 were included in this study. This study was conducted to define the age, gender, past medical history, developmental status, general appearance, clinical manifestations, neuroimaging findings, and response to treatment in 16 patients with biotinidase deficiency in this department.ResultsIn clinical presentation, cutaneous lesions were not found in 37% of the patients and 43% patients had not alopecia. 75% patients had abnormal neuroimaging that in 56% of them, generalized brain atrophy and myelination delay were found. Results of the present study showed the efficacy of biotin in early diagnosed patients with seizure and dermatological manifestations. The seizure and skin manifestations were improved after biotin therapy.ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, we suggest that early assessment and diagnosis have an important role in the prevention of disease progression and clinical signs. ReferencesWolf B.Disorders of biotin metabolism. In: Scriver CR,Beaudet AL, Sly W, et al.,eds. The Metabolic and MolecularBases of Inherited Disease, 8thed. New York,NY:McGraw-Hill;2001: 3935-3962.Rathi N, RathiM.Biotinidase deficiency with hypertonia as unusual feature.IndianPediatr. 2009;46(1):65-67.Wolf B.Worldwide survey of neonatal screening for biotinidasedeficiency.J Inherit Metab Dis. 1991;14(6):923-7.Dahiphale R, Jain S, AgrawalM.Biotinidasedeficiency. IndianPediatr. 2008;45(9):777-779.Heard GS,SecorMcVoy JR,Wolf B.A screening method for biotinidase deficiency in newborns.Clin Chem. 1984;30(1):125–7.Desai S, Ganesan K, HegdeA.Biotinidase deficiency: a reversible metabolic encephalopathy. neuroimaging and MR spectroscopic findings in a series of four patients. PediatrRadiol. 2008;38(8):848-856. Epub 2008 Jun 11.Wolf B.The neurology of biotinidasedeficiency.Mol Genet Metab. 2011;104(1-2):27-34. Epub 2011 Jun 12.Wastell HJ, Bartlett K, Dale G, et al. Biotidinase deficiency: a survey of 10 cases. Arch Dis Child. 1998;63(10):1244-1249.Wolf B, Pomponio RJ, Norrgard KJ, et al. Delayedonset profound biotinidase deficiency. J Pediatr.1998; 132(2):362–365.Grunewald S, Champion MP, Leonard JV, et al. Biotinidase deficiency: a treatable leukoencephalopathy. Neuropediatrics. 2004; 35(4):211–216.Wolf B, Spencer R, Gleason T. Hearing loss is a common feature of symptomatic children with profound biotinidase deficiency. J Pediatr.2002; 140(2):242–246.
Fundamental limits of optical force and torque
No full textOptical force and torque provide unprecedented control on the spatial motion of small particles. A valid scientific question, that has many practical implications, concerns the existence of fundamental upper bounds for the achievable force and torque exerted by a plane wave illumination with a given intensity. Here, while studying isotropic particles, we show that different light-matter interaction channels contribute to the exerted force and torque, and analytically derive upper bounds for each of the contributions. Specific examples for particles that achieve those upper bounds are provided. We study how and to which extent different contributions can add up to result in the maximum optical force and torque. Our insights are important for applications ranging from molecular sorting, particle manipulation, and nanorobotics up to ambitious projects such as laser-propelled spaceships
SLOPE: A monotonic algorithm to design sequences with good autocorrelation properties by minimizing the peak sidelobe level
No full textSequences with low autocorrelation sidelobes has applications in various fields like wireless communications, radar, sonar, cryptography to name a few. In this paper, we propose an approach to construct sequences, in particular unimodular sequences, by directly minimizing the peak sidelobe level (PSL) metric. The underlying optimization problem involved is a minimax problem which is in general difficult to tract. We address this issue and propose an iterative algorithm named Sequence with LOw Peak sidelobE level (SLOPE) based on the technique of Majorization Minimization, which can be implemented efficiently using the Fast Fourier Transform tool. Further, we also discuss the extension of SLOPE to incorporate energy, peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) and spectral constraints on the sequence. We show through numerical simulations that the proposed algorithm can generate sequences of considerably longer lengths with lower peak sidelobe level when compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms and in the end we also evaluate the performance of the sequences designed via SLOPE in the context of channel estimation application.</p
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