109 research outputs found
Prevalence, incidence and mortality of epilepsy in four health and demographic surveillance sites in sub-Saharan Africa
No full textOrganisation of the Construction Works of SG Ärimaja Located at Pärnu maantee 186
No full textKäesolevas projektis lahendati SG Ärimaja ehitustööde organiseerimise projekt. Lõputöös kasutas autor peamisel eelprojekti ja põhiprojekti seletuskirju. Ehitustööde alguseks on planeeritud 8. oktoobril 2018 ja üleandmis kuupäevaks 29. veebruar 2020. Põhiplaanis tuli välja tuua ajutised teed, majandus- ja olmeruumid, ajutise vee- ja elektrivarustuse, kanalisatsioonivõrgud, välivalgustused, sissepääsud nii jalakäijatele kui masinatele, tornkraana asukoht, laod, platsid ja kaamerate asukohad. Eriti oluline on välja tuua kus asuvad esmaabivahendid ja tulekustutid, kuna töötaja peab teadma kus asuvad hädaabi vahendid. Lisaks peab igas soojakus olema üks tulekustuti ja meditsiinitarbed. Lõputöös on oluline välja tuua ITP palkade osakaal protsentides ehitusplatsi üldkuludest. Projektis oli selleks 78%, Kogu projekti maksumusest moodustasid organiseerimise kulud ainult 5,5%. Ehitustöödel tuleb alati jälgida, et ei reostataks ega kahjustataks loodust. Selleks tõi autor projektis välja, et kuidas tagada puude ohutus. Lisaks on välja toodud ka seletus, et kuidas tuleb tööandjal käituda kui töötaja peab käsitlema keskonnale kahjulikke aineid. Montaažitöödel on kõige olulisemaks töövahendiks kraana. Selleks tuli projektis vaadata tornkraana tõstekaugust ja tõstevõimet. Projektis tuli probleemiks tornkraana jõudlus ja tõstekaugus hoone kaugematesse nurkadesse. Selleks tuleb objektile lisaks tellida autokraana. Kraana tellimiseks tuleb arvestada paneeli raskuse ja kaugusega, kuhu element on vaja tõsta. Autor kirjeldab tehnoloogilistel kaartidel vahelae õõnespaneelide ja keldriseinte montaažitöid, kus kirjeldab montaažitööde ohutust, kvaliteedi kontrolli, tööde teostamist ja transporti. Lisaks toob välja probleemi õõnespaneelide tõstmisel. Kirjeldatud on tehnoloogiliste kaartide peatükkis ka betoneerimist, rakestamist ja armeerimist ning kuidas neid töid teostatakse. Ehitise kitsaskohti tuleb ette näha ja selleks projektis tehtud tehnoloogia kaardid näitavad, mis probleemid on ja kuidas neid lahendada. See aitab objektil ära hoida soovimatud seisakud.This thesis is aimed to solve the constructionworks project of SG Ärimaja. The author has applied, as a main tool, the explanatory notes of the preliminary and main plans. The construction works are scheduled to commence on the 8th of October 2018 and the date of delivery as 29th of February 2020. In the main plan the following was to be displayed: temporary roads, utility- and restrooms, temporary water and electricity supply, plumbing, external lighting, entrances for people and machinery, tower crane location, warehousing, open spaces and locations for cameras. The locations of the first aid equipment and fire extinguishers are particularly important, as all employees must be aware where such items are located. In addition, each site hut must have one fire extinguisher and medical supplies. It is imporant to outline in the thesis the percentage proportion of the ITP salaries of all construction site general costs. In this project the percentage was 78%. Organising related costs accounted for only 5,5% of the overall costs. Compliance with anti-pollution and nature protection policies and principles should be monitored at all times. For this reason the author foresaw actions to ensure the safety of trees. Further, the project outlines the obligations of the employer in the event employees handle environmentally hazardous substances. The crane is the most important piece of equipment in assembly works. For this reason the project deals with the lifting capacity and range of the cranes. The performance and reach of the crane tower to the farther corners of the building were observed to be problematic. For this reason a crane lorry should be involved in the project. To evaluate the crane related matters, the weight of the panels and the range of the crane was observed in particular. SUMMARY 50 The author covers the assemblyworks related to the hollow core panels and celler walls describing the safety of assembly works, quality control, performance of works and transportation. In addition the author outlines the problem related to the lifting of the hollow core panels. In chapter regarding the technological plans the author describes the cementing, machinery assembly, concrete wire mesh installation and the manner in which these works are conducted. The weaknesses of the construction should be observed in advance and the technological plans of this project outline the problematic areas and ways to eliminate the problems. This helps to avoid unwanted delays in the project
Verbaalsest irooniast Heiti Talviku ja Betti Alveri luule näitel. Verbal irony in the poetry of Heiti Talvik and Betti Alver
No full textThe article treats verbal irony in the poetry of two emblematic Estonian poets, Heiti Talvik and Betti Alver. The texts analysed are from the 1930s. Following the example of many scholars of irony, I have distinguished between two basic types of irony: verbal irony and situational irony. The first departs from the traditional definition of irony (saying one thing and meaning the contrary) and centres on the use of language, on certain verbal and stylistic devices that make the receiver of the text perceive it as ironic. Situational irony refers to the recognition of the coexistence of incompatible opposites, to the feeling of the most absurd unexpectedness. The aim of the article is to locate and explain the functioning mechanisms of this verbal device in the poetry of Heiti Talvik and Betti Alver. First, there are ironies based on antonyms and/or on the negation of predication, which can be categorized as instances of classic rhetorical irony. We find in Talvik’s and Alver’s poetry few metaphors that can be explained as simple ironic metaphors (L is said but metaphorically N is meant, which in turn must be changed to its opposite value to reach the final referent N ->M=~N). Metonymy has a great inherent potential for irony: if the whole is represented by one of its parts, this often produces a mocking effect, which is the basic characteristic of irony. One can identify a particular kind of ironic metonymy in Talvik’s and Alver’s poetry when proper names (such as Casanova or Jeanne d’Arc) are used to indicate certain traits (the art of living and courage), while actually meaning the opposite (triviality and cowardice). Similar to the first group of classic irony are those instances where ironic oppositions between what is said and what is meant are not based on antonyms but rather on the difference between the highest, the most valuable level, of the imaginable scale and the zero point; for example, what is said is noble, but what is meant is ridiculous. In Alver’s poetry, there are texts that imply antonymic ironic oppositions (pastpresent, local-foreign, sensibility-reflection) but it is not possible to decide for either pole, since ambivalence remains. Well known among scholars of irony, Dan Sperber’s and Deirdre Wilson’s theory of irony as a type of mention is superbly applicable to instances interpreted as ironic in Talvik’s and Alver’s poetry. As Sperber and Wilson have explained, “use of an expression involves reference to what the expression refers, mention of an expression involves reference to the expression itself” (Sperber, Wilson 1981: 303); in the case of irony, the speaker produces a phrase, hinting at the same time that it is improper, ridiculous or in some other way unsuitable to the situation. The theory of irony as a type of mention fits well with Oswald Ducrot’s theory of the polyphony of language, which distinguishes between the speaker (locuteur) and the enunciator (énonciateur). In ordinary discourse, these often coincide, but irony is one of the cases in which the speaker produces statements that he himself does not believe in. In Alver’s and Talvik’s poetry, there are many instances of irony which can best be explained as the mention of an opinion held by another which is unacceptable to the speaker himself. Quite similar to irony as a type of mention is ironic role play in which the speaker is clearly not identifiable with the implied author, since the role taken is opposed to the standpoint of the implied author. Talvik’s and Alver’s poetry does not contain pure role play but only elements of it
Constructing Porous Stabilizing Road Pavement Layers – Advantages and Disadvantages
No full textKäesoleva lõputöö eesmärgiks oli anda ülevaade poorse stabiliseeritud katendi kihi rajamisest Ämari Lennubaasis teostatud tööde näitel ning analüüsida antud kihi sobivust teedeehituses. Lõputöös käsitletud poorse stabiliseeritud kihi rajamine toimus 2019 aastal Ämari lennubaasis, kus kokku paigaldati üle 8200m3 segu. Lõputöös antakse ülevaade nõuetest, mis oli projekti raames ette antud nii segule, kui valmis kihile ja paigaldamisele ning keskendutakse probleemidele, mis tekkisid poorse stabiliseeritud kihi rajamisel. Võrdluses kehtiva määrusega „Tee ehituse kvaliteedi nõuded“ jõutakse järeldusele, et poorset stabiliseeritud katendi kihti on võimalik rajada vastavalt määruses ette antud nõuetega, kuid probleemseks osutub tõsiasi, et määruse järgi ei ole võimalik kasutada stabiliseeritud katendikihi rajamisel fr.4-32mm killustikku. Analüüsides poorse stabiliseeritud kihi rajamise positiivseid ja negatiivseid külgi võib teha järelduse, et antud kihi rajamine on keerukas ning teatud tingimustel majanduslikul väga kulukas, kuid sellest sõltumata võib olla olukordi, kus poorne stabiliseeritud kiht võiks olla projekti mõistes õige lahendus. Kahjuks puudub lõputöö autoril võimalus tuua näiteid Eestis rajatud poorse stabiliseeritud katendikihi kohta, kuna antud kihti varem rajatud ei ole, mis tõttu ei olnud võimalik analüüsida kihi toimivust liiklusele avatud teedel.The aim on these thesis was to give an overivew of the construction of a porous stabilized road pavement layer on the exaple of the work performed at Ämari Airbaseand to analyze this layers suitability for road construction in Estonia. Works described in this thesis took place in 2019 at Ämari Airbase, where during the construction more than 8200m3 of mixture was installed. This thesis gives an overview of the requierments that were set for the mixture as well as for the finished layer and installation. Also this tehsis focuses on the problems that arose during the construction. In comparisson with current regulation „Tee ehituse kvaliteedi nõuded“, it is concluded that it is possible to lay porous stabilized layer within the requirements set by the regulation., but the fact that acording to the regulation it is not allowed to use 4.32 mm crushed limestone aggregate whey laying a stabilized layer, may become an issue. Analyzing the pros and cons of building a porous stabilizedroad pavement layer, it can be concluded that the construction of this layer is complicated and, under certain conditions, very costly, but there may be situations where a porous stabilized layer could be the right solution for the project. Unfortunately, the author of this thesis does not have examples of poroues stabilized pavement layer built in Estonia, due to that was not possible to analyze the performance of this layer on open roads under traffic
Changes in Doppler ultrasonography in asphyxiated term infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
No full textRavile raskesti alluv epilepsia 20. rõngaskromosoomi sündroomi korral: kirjanduse ülevaade ja haigusjuhu kirjeldus
No full text20. rõngaskromosoomi [r(20)] sündroomi iseloomustavad ravile raskesti alluv epilepsia, sagedased mittekonvulsiivsed epileptilised staatused ning vaimse arengu mahajäämus. Enamasti ei ole patsientide fenotüübis sündroomispetsiifi lisi düsmorfseid jooni, mis teeb häire diagnoosimise keerukaks. Sündroom on tõenäoliselt aladiagnoositud, sest kromosoomianalüüs ei ole epilepsiapatsientidel rutiinne uuring. Artiklis on kirjeldatud 15aastase tütarlapse haigusjuhtu, kes on põdenud epilepsiat 8 aastat ning kellel kromosoomiuuringu abil õnnestus selgitada haiguse ja ravile halvasti allumise põhjus.
Eesti Arst 2010; 89(10):646−65
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