1,806 research outputs found
Jewish hydra, German Heimat, and ‘the Jewish question’: Judaism and subjectivity in Lazarus Bendavid, Berthold Auerbach and Karl Marx
No full textThis dissertation examines aspects of the Jewish encounter with modern discourses of subjectivity. The project follows three interventions into discourses of Jewish subjectivity, two by Jewish authors who grapple with the question of how to speak as Jews in the modern German context, the third a discourse of radical social critique that strategically deploys flagrantly anti-Semitic stereotypes. Chapter One examines Lazarus Bendavid\u27s caustic pamphlet On Jewish Characteristics of 1793; Chapter Two explores the early career of Berthold Auerbach from his first literary activity until his breakthrough into literary stardom as a Heimatdichter with his Black Forest Village Stories of 1843; and Chapter Three investigates the function of Jewish figures in Karl Marx\u27s 1843 “On the Jewish Question” and The Holy Family of 1845 and compares Marx\u27s rhetorical construction of “real Jews” to his treatment—in part invention, in part discovery—of the proletariat. Highly politicized discourses on subjectivity proliferated in Germany in the period between the French Revolution of 1789 and the failed revolution of 1848. In this climate, Jews and Judaism became a privileged discursive site for interrogating subjectivity with the political imperatives this interrogation implied. The nexus of discourses on Judaism and subjectivity differed substantially in the two moments examined. Within Bendavid\u27s Kantian paradigm, the universal subject was essentially isomorphic with humanity at large as a moral-political community, and the “Jewish question” (avant la lettre ) was about the deficient yet potentially redeemable subjectivity of the Jew. The Young Hegelian social ontology of the self that was important for both Auerbach and Marx in the 1830\u27s and 40\u27s understood subjectivity as an obstacle to the realization of collective humanity. Each chapter explores the figuration of Jews as discursive objects in the works of the chapter\u27s central author and in key intertexts. I also investigate the three central authors from the standpoint of a problematics of enunciation. That is, I ask not only how each author speaks about Jews, but also how he does so in order to authorize his own speech. Bendavid and Auerbach each speak as a certain kind of Jew in a cultural and discursive field that made Jewish speech a treacherous undertaking. Marx deploys the figure of the obscenely “real Jew” in an effort to construct a viable locus of enunciation for his radical social critique
A New Model for Equitable and Efficient Resource Allocation to Schools: The Israeli Case
No full textThis paper sets out a new budget allocation formula for schools, designed to achieve a more equitable distribution of educational achievement. In addition to needs-based elements, the suggested composite allocation formula includes an improvement component, whereby schools receive budgetary allocations based on a new incentive measure developed in this paper (Improvement in the Educational Achievement Distribution, or IEAD). The development of the budget allocation formula is demonstrated utilizing Israeli data. Large scale, nationwide data sets relating students’ academic achievement to student background variables, teacher profiles and school characteristics, were analyzed to identify appropriate needs-based formula components and to estimate their weights. The results are compared with the funding formulas currently used in Israel.school finance, formular funding, needs-based funding, schools resource allocation, Israel
Contact damage evolution in a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on a stainless steel substrate
No full textA diamond-like carbon thin film was coated onto a stainless steel substrate using plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD). Instrumented indentation and scratching were used, supported by focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy, to explore deformation and fracture behaviours of this coating system. The formation and growth of ring and radial cracks in the coating, as well as plastic flow in the ductile substrate, were observed to be the predominant deformation processes for this coating system. Lateral cracking occurred at the interface of the coating/substrate following indentation, but in the middle of the coating following scratching. No evidence of plastic flow within the coating was observed. Coating deformation is, therefore, controlled by its fracture energy. An indentation-energy-based model was applied to evaluate the fracture toughness of the coating. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Z.-H.Xie, R. Singh, A. Bendavid, P.J. Martin, P.R. Munroe and M. Hoffma
Effect of substrate roughness on the contact damage of DLC coatings
No full textThe effect of substrate roughness on the contact damage of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings has been investigated. The coatings were deposited on steel substrates of varying roughness by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PEVCD) and subjected to nanoindentation. At high loads, pop-ins in the load-displacement curves were observed, associated with the formation of ring cracks initiated in the coating surface. The subsurface deformation and fracture of the coatings were inspected using focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy. It was found that the mean roughness of the coating have been increased relative to their substrates, except for the very rough substrate, in which the coating roughness was relatively decreased. The rougher substrates were found to lead to an increase in the load required to induce pop-ins in the nanoindentation load-displacement curves. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.R.K. Singh, Z.H. Xie, A. Bendavid, P.J. Martin, P. Munroe and M. Hoffma
Contact damage evolution in diamondlike carbon coatings on ductile substrates
No full textA diamondlike carbon (DLC) thin film was deposited onto a stainless steel substrate using a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process. Nanoindentation, coupled with focused-ion-beam (FIB) milling, was used to investigate contact-induced deformation and fracture in this coating system. Following initial elastic contact between the coating and the indenter and apparent plastic yield of the substrate, pop-ins were observed in the load–displacement curve, indicative of coating fracture. However, FIB cross-sectional images of indentations revealed the presence of ring, radial, and lateral cracks at loads much lower than the critical load for the first observed pop-ins. Finite element modeling was used, and the properties of the substrate and the film were calibrated by fitting the simulated load–displacement curves to experimental data. Then, based upon the experimental observations of damage evolution in this coating system, the stress distributions relevant to initiate ring, radial, and lateral cracks in the coating were ascertained. Furthermore, the effects of substrate yield stress and coating residual stress on the formation of these cracks were investigated.Rajnish K. Singha, M.T. Tilbrook, Z.H. Xie, A. Bendavid, P.J. Martin, P. Munroe and M. Hoffma
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