1,768 research outputs found
Opportunities and sustainability of smallholder poultry production in the south Pacific region
No full textP. C. Glatz, I. D. Black, W. Ayalew, J. K. Pandi, R. J. Hughes, Z. H. Miao, J. Wahanui, T. Jansen, V. Manu and B. K. Roddahttp://trove.nla.gov.au/work/638232
Delivering the Maori-language newspapers on the Internet
No full textAlthough any collection of historical newspapers provides a particularly rich and valuable record of events and social and political commentary, the content tends to be difficult to access and extremely time-consuming to browse or search. The advent of digital libraries has meant that for electronically stored text, full-text searching is now a tool readily available for researchers, or indeed anyone wishing to have asscess to specific information in text. Text in this form can be readily distributed via CD-ROM or the Internet, with a significant impact on accessibility over traditional microfiche or hard-copy distribution. For the majority of text being generated de nouveau, availability in electronic form is standard, and hence the increasing use of full-text search facilities. However, for legacy text available only in printed form, the provision of these electronic search tools is dependent on the prior electronic capture of digital facsimile images of the printed text, followed by the conversion of these images to electronic text through the process of optical character recognition (OCR). This article describes a project undertaken at the University of Waikato over the period 1999 to 2001 to produce a full-text searchable version of the Niupepa or Maori- language newspaper collection for delivery over the Internet
New Data and Output Concepts for Understanding Productivity Trends
Get PDFThe present study is the second is a series of three papers devoted to issues in the measurement of productivity and productivity growth. The contributions of the present paper are three. First, it introduces a new approach to measuring industrial productivity based on income-side data that are published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The data are internally consistent in that both inputs and outputs are income-side measures of value added, whereas the usual productivity measures combine expenditure-side output measures with income-side input measures. Second, because of interest in the "new economy," we have also constructed a set of new- economy accounts. For the purpose of this study, we define the new economy as machinery, electric equipment, telephone and telegraph, and software. Finally, because of concerns about poor deflation in the current output measures, this study constructs a new output concept called "well-measured output," which includes only those sectors for which output is relatively well measured. We present a brief summary of the behavior of the alternative measures.Productivity, new economy, price measurement, well-measured output
The Development and Usage of the Greenstone Digital Library Software
No full textThe Greenstone software has helped spread the practical impact of digital library technology throughout the world-particularly in developing countries. This article reviews the project’s origins, usage, and the development of support mechanisms for Greenstone users. We begin with a brief summary of salient aspects of this open source software package and its user population. Next we describe how its international, humanitarian focus arose. We then review the special requirements imposed by the conditions that prevail in developing courtiers. Finally we discuss efforts to establish regional support organizations for Greenstone in India and Africa
Recent progress in T-cadherin (CDH13, H-cadherin) research
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the re levance of T-cadh erin in the fie lds of oncology,
neurology, respirology and ca rdiovascular ph ysiology. In
this manu sc ript , we rev iew current adva nces in Tcad herin research
Bird species richness and diversity at montane Important Bird Area (IBA) sites in south-eastern Nigeria
No full textThe mountains of south-eastern Nigeria are a western extension of the Cameroon mountain range, which is classified as an endemic bird area (EBA). Unlike its eastern extension in Cameroon, most of the ornithological surveys in the western extension of the Cameroon highlands in Nigeria have produced only limited checklists and inventories. There is a clear need for quantitative baseline data so that conservation problems can be identified. Twenty line transects covering a total transect length of 28.8 km were used to survey five sites (Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary, Oban and Okwangwo Division of Cross River National Park, Sankwala Mountains and Mbe Mountains) in the westernmost extension of the Cameroon Mountains EBA in south western Nigeria. Vegetation measurements were taken to control for the potential confounding effect of variation in vegetation density and structure on detectability of birds between sites. The 193 bird species recorded in Afi, 158 in Sankwala, 124 in Oban, 100 in Mbe and 73 in Okwangwo Division included most of the Cameroon highlands restricted range species. The results show that the mountains of south-eastern Nigeria are important parts of the Cameroon EBA, particularly the Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary. However these sites are threatened by fire and livestock grazing on the hilltops, shifting agriculture on the hillsides and lowlands, and logging for timber in some parts, as well as wildlife hunting for bush meat.Peer reviewe
Kalkogenoeettereitä sisältävien rutenium(II)-kompleksien valmistus, karakterisointi ja muodostumisreitit
No full textAbstractIn this work, the pathways to the formation of the series of mononuclear [RuCl2(CO)2(ERR’)2] complexes from [RuCl2(CO)3]2 and ERR’ or E2Tpn2 (E = S, Se, Te; R, R’ = Me, Ph; Tpn = thiophen-2-yl) were explored by experimental and computational techniques. The reactions were monitored by 77Se and 125Te NMR spectroscopy and the products were characterized by 13C{1H}, 77Se, and 125Te NMR spectroscopy, as well as by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.The treatment of [RuCl2(CO)3]2 with ERR’ (E = S, Se, Te; R, R’= Me, Ph) in CH2Cl2 or THF produced [RuCl2(CO)2(ERR’)2] and [RuCl2(CO)3(ERR’)]. The yields were rather similar in both solvents, but the reactions were faster in THF than in CH2Cl2. The highest yields were observed for the telluroether complexes, and the yields decreased with lighter chalcogenoethers which was consistent with the computed energetics. All [RuCl2(CO)2(ERR’)2] complexes were cis(Cl), cis(CO), trans(ERR’)-isomers. This is consistent with the relative trans-influence strengths of the different donor atoms involved in the coordination sphere around ruthenium. The 77Se and 125Te NMR spectra of the complexes with symmetric chalcogenoether ligands (ER2) exhibited one resonance, whereas with unsymmetric chalcogenoether ligands (ERR’) two close-lying resonances were observed due to the presence of two discrete stereoisomers.The PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP calculations of the reaction pathways showed that the energetics is independent of the nature of the solvent and that thermal energy at room temperature is sufficient to cleave the bridging Ru–Cl bonds in [RuCl2(CO)3]2, which can then react with ERR’. The substitution of one CO ligand of the intermediate [RuCl2(CO)3(ERR’)] by the second ERR’ is the rate-determining step in all reactions.The reaction between [RuCl2(CO)3]2 and Te2Tpn2 (Tpn = thiophen-2-yl) afforded cct-[RuCl2(CO)2(TeTpn2)2] and TeTpn2 together with the precipitation of tellurium. The decomposition of Te2Tpn2 into TeTpn2 was monitored by 125Te NMR spectroscopy. A plausible catalytic cycle is proposed based on the DFT calculations.Original papersOriginal papers are not included in the electronic version of the dissertation.Taimisto, M., Oilunkaniemi, R., Laitinen, R. S., & Ahlgrén, M. (2003). Formation and structural characterization of [RuCl2(Co)2(SPh2)2], [RuCl2(Co)3(OH2)], and [Ru(OH2)6][RuCl3(Co)3]2·2H2O. Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung B, 58(10), 959–964. https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-2003-1005Taimisto, M., Bajorek, T., Rautiainen, J. M., Pakkanen, T. A., Oilunkaniemi, R., & Laitinen, R. S. (2022). Experimental and computational investigation on the formation pathway of [RuCl2(Co)2(Err′)2] (E = S, Se, Te; R, R′ = Me, Ph) from [RuCl2(Co)3]2 and ERR′. Dalton Transactions, 51(31), 11747–11757. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2DT02018ASelf-archived versionTaimisto, M., Poropudas, M. J., Rautiainen, J. M., Oilunkaniemi, R., & Laitinen, R. S. (2023). Ruthenium‐assisted tellurium abstraction in bis(thiophen‐2‐yl) ditelluride. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 26(14), e202200772. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.202200772Self-archived versionTiivistelmäTässä väitöskirjatyössä tutkittiin sekä kokeellisesti että laskennallisesti mononukleaaristen [RuCl2(CO)2(ERR’) 2] kompleksien muodostumisreittejä. [RuCl2(CO)3]2:n reaktioita ERR’:n ja E2Tpn2:n (E = S, Se, Te; R, R’ = Me, Ph; Tpn = tiofen-2-yyli) kanssa seurattiin 77Se- ja 125Te NMR-spektroskopian avulla. Kaikki tuotteet karakterisoitiin 13C{1H}, 77Se ja 125Te NMR-spektroskopialla sekä röntgenkristallografialla. [RuCl2(CO)3]2:n ja ERR’:n (E = S, Se, Te; R, R’ = Me, Ph) välisessä reaktiossa muodostuu [RuCl2(CO)2(ERR’)2]- ja [RuCl2(CO)3(ERR’)]-komplekseja sekä CH2Cl2:ssa että THF:ssa. Kompleksien saannot olivat melko samanlaisia molemmissa liuottimissa, mutta reaktiot olivat nopeampia tetrahydrofuraanissa kuin dikloorimetaanissa. Telluroeetterikompleksien saannot olivat suurimmat, mutta kevyemmillä kalkogenoeetterikomplekseilla pienemmät. Tiheysfunktionaaliset energialaskut ovat yhteensopivat havaittujen trendien kanssa. [RuCl2(CO)2(ERR’)2]-kompleksit esiintyivät cis(Cl), cis(CO), trans(ERR')-isomeereinä. Tämä voidaan selittää ruteniumiin koordinoitujen ligandien suhteellisilla trans-vaikutuksilla. Kun komplekseissa oli symmetrinen kalkogenoeetteriligandi (ER2), havaittiin 77Se ja 125Te NMR-spektreissä vain yksi resonanssi. Mikäli koordinoitunut ligandi oli epäsymmetrinen (ERR’), havaittiin kaksi lähekkäin olevaa resonanssihuippua johtuen kahdesta steroisomeeristä.PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP-laskut osoittivat, että reaktioiden energetiikka on riippumaton liuottimesta ja että lämpöenergia huoneenlämpötilassa riittää katkaisemaan silloittavan Ru–Cl-sidoksen [RuCl2(CO)3]2:ssa. ERR’:n sitoutuminen vapautuneeseen koordinaatiopaikkaan muodostaa välituotteen [RuCl2(CO)3(ERR')]. CO-ligandin substituutio toisella kalkogenoeetteri-molekyylillä ERR’ on reaktionopeuden määräävä vaihe.[RuCl2(CO)3]2:n ja Te2Tpn2:n (Tpn = tiofen-2-yyli) välisessä reaktiossa muodostuu cct-[RuCl2(CO)2(TeTpn2)2]:n ja TeTpn2:n lisäksi telluuria. Te2Tpn2:n hajoamista TeTpn2:ksi seurattiin 125Te NMR-spektroskopialla. Reaktion mekanismi selvitettiin PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP-laskujen perusteella.OsajulkaisutOsajulkaisut eivät sisälly väitöskirjan elektroniseen versioon.Taimisto, M., Oilunkaniemi, R., Laitinen, R. S., & Ahlgrén, M. (2003). Formation and structural characterization of [RuCl2(Co)2(SPh2)2], [RuCl2(Co)3(OH2)], and [Ru(OH2)6][RuCl3(Co)3]2·2H2O. Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung B, 58(10), 959–964. https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-2003-1005Taimisto, M., Bajorek, T., Rautiainen, J. M., Pakkanen, T. A., Oilunkaniemi, R., & Laitinen, R. S. (2022). Experimental and computational investigation on the formation pathway of [RuCl2(Co)2(Err′)2] (E = S, Se, Te; R, R′ = Me, Ph) from [RuCl2(Co)3]2 and ERR′. Dalton Transactions, 51(31), 11747–11757. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2DT02018ARinnakkaistallennettu versioTaimisto, M., Poropudas, M. J., Rautiainen, J. M., Oilunkaniemi, R., & Laitinen, R. S. (2023). Ruthenium‐assisted tellurium abstraction in bis(thiophen‐2‐yl) ditelluride. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 26(14), e202200772. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.202200772Rinnakkaistallennettu versioAcademic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Technology and Natural Sciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in the OP auditorium (L10), Linnanmaa, on 6 October 2023, at 12 noonAbstract
In this work, the pathways to the formation of the series of mononuclear [RuCl2(CO)2(ERR’)2] complexes from [RuCl2(CO)3]2 and ERR’ or E2Tpn2 (E = S, Se, Te; R, R’ = Me, Ph; Tpn = thiophen-2-yl) were explored by experimental and computational techniques. The reactions were monitored by 77Se and 125Te NMR spectroscopy and the products were characterized by 13C{1H}, 77Se, and 125Te NMR spectroscopy, as well as by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.
The treatment of [RuCl2(CO)3]2 with ERR’ (E = S, Se, Te; R, R’= Me, Ph) in CH2Cl2 or THF produced [RuCl2(CO)2(ERR’)2] and [RuCl2(CO)3(ERR’)]. The yields were rather similar in both solvents, but the reactions were faster in THF than in CH2Cl2. The highest yields were observed for the telluroether complexes, and the yields decreased with lighter chalcogenoethers which was consistent with the computed energetics. All [RuCl2(CO)2(ERR’)2] complexes were cis(Cl), cis(CO), trans(ERR’)-isomers. This is consistent with the relative trans-influence strengths of the different donor atoms involved in the coordination sphere around ruthenium. The 77Se and 125Te NMR spectra of the complexes with symmetric chalcogenoether ligands (ER2) exhibited one resonance, whereas with unsymmetric chalcogenoether ligands (ERR’) two close-lying resonances were observed due to the presence of two discrete stereoisomers.
The PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP calculations of the reaction pathways showed that the energetics is independent of the nature of the solvent and that thermal energy at room temperature is sufficient to cleave the bridging Ru–Cl bonds in [RuCl2(CO)3]2, which can then react with ERR’. The substitution of one CO ligand of the intermediate [RuCl2(CO)3(ERR’)] by the second ERR’ is the rate-determining step in all reactions.
The reaction between [RuCl2(CO)3]2 and Te2Tpn2 (Tpn = thiophen-2-yl) afforded cct-[RuCl2(CO)2(TeTpn2)2] and TeTpn2 together with the precipitation of tellurium. The decomposition of Te2Tpn2 into TeTpn2 was monitored by 125Te NMR spectroscopy. A plausible catalytic cycle is proposed based on the DFT calculations.Tiivistelmä
Tässä väitöskirjatyössä tutkittiin sekä kokeellisesti että laskennallisesti mononukleaaristen [RuCl2(CO)2(ERR’) 2] kompleksien muodostumisreittejä. [RuCl2(CO)3]2:n reaktioita ERR’:n ja E2Tpn2:n (E = S, Se, Te; R, R’ = Me, Ph; Tpn = tiofen-2-yyli) kanssa seurattiin 77Se- ja 125Te NMR-spektroskopian avulla. Kaikki tuotteet karakterisoitiin 13C{1H}, 77Se ja 125Te NMR-spektroskopialla sekä röntgenkristallografialla.
[RuCl2(CO)3]2:n ja ERR’:n (E = S, Se, Te; R, R’ = Me, Ph) välisessä reaktiossa muodostuu [RuCl2(CO)2(ERR’)2]- ja [RuCl2(CO)3(ERR’)]-komplekseja sekä CH2Cl2:ssa että THF:ssa. Kompleksien saannot olivat melko samanlaisia molemmissa liuottimissa, mutta reaktiot olivat nopeampia tetrahydrofuraanissa kuin dikloorimetaanissa. Telluroeetterikompleksien saannot olivat suurimmat, mutta kevyemmillä kalkogenoeetterikomplekseilla pienemmät. Tiheysfunktionaaliset energialaskut ovat yhteensopivat havaittujen trendien kanssa. [RuCl2(CO)2(ERR’)2]-kompleksit esiintyivät cis(Cl), cis(CO), trans(ERR')-isomeereinä. Tämä voidaan selittää ruteniumiin koordinoitujen ligandien suhteellisilla trans-vaikutuksilla. Kun komplekseissa oli symmetrinen kalkogenoeetteriligandi (ER2), havaittiin 77Se ja 125Te NMR-spektreissä vain yksi resonanssi. Mikäli koordinoitunut ligandi oli epäsymmetrinen (ERR’), havaittiin kaksi lähekkäin olevaa resonanssihuippua johtuen kahdesta steroisomeeristä.
PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP-laskut osoittivat, että reaktioiden energetiikka on riippumaton liuottimesta ja että lämpöenergia huoneenlämpötilassa riittää katkaisemaan silloittavan Ru–Cl-sidoksen [RuCl2(CO)3]2:ssa. ERR’:n sitoutuminen vapautuneeseen koordinaatiopaikkaan muodostaa välituotteen [RuCl2(CO)3(ERR')]. CO-ligandin substituutio toisella kalkogenoeetteri-molekyylillä ERR’ on reaktionopeuden määräävä vaihe.
[RuCl2(CO)3]2:n ja Te2Tpn2:n (Tpn = tiofen-2-yyli) välisessä reaktiossa muodostuu cct-[RuCl2(CO)2(TeTpn2)2]:n ja TeTpn2:n lisäksi telluuria. Te2Tpn2:n hajoamista TeTpn2:ksi seurattiin 125Te NMR-spektroskopialla. Reaktion mekanismi selvitettiin PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP-laskujen perusteella
PKA targets transient states of RKIP: NMR and MD Data
No full textThis repository contains reprocessed molecular dynamics trajectories for all datasets reported in the publication, as well as calculated NMR relaxation parameters (T1, T2, and heteronuclear NOE) for the free form of RKIP.This repository provides molecular dynamics (MD) datasets and fast dynamic NMR data associated with the study “Protein Kinase A Phosphorylates a Conformationally High-Energy State of Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein.” The stored datasets include replica-averaged restrained MD (RARMD) simulations of Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP) and experimental backbone relaxation data (T₁, T₂, and heteronuclear NOE) that capture the fast-timescale dynamics of the protein. RKIP, a member of the PEBP family, undergoes a conformational equilibrium between a compact fold and a more open, phosphorylation-competent state that facilitates recognition by Protein Kinase A (PKA). These datasets provide a resource for detailed analysis of high-energy conformational states, protein flexibility, and dynamic mechanisms of kinase-substrate recognition.NIH CA290129 to GVOlivieri, Cristina; Veliparambil Subrahmanian, Manu; Veglia, Gianluigi; De Simone, Alfonso; Biancaniello, Carmen. (2025). PKA targets transient states of RKIP: NMR and MD Data. Retrieved from the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota (DRUM), https://doi.org/10.13020/53fr-nn58
The prevalence, clinical and epidemiological significance of rare genotypes of M. tuberculosis isolated from tuberculosis patients in Saratov Region
Get PDFThe objective: to identify the role, clinical and epidemiological significance of rare genotypes of M. tuberculosis (MTB) in the epidemiology of tuberculosis in Saratov Region.Materials. The spoligotyping and hybridization method by the Spoligo-biochip kit (BIOCHIP-IMB OOO, Moscow) was used to examine sputum samples of 353 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB, who were permanent residents of 20 cities and districts of Saratov Region.Results. MTB population circulating in the examined TB patients was heterogeneous and represented by 13 genotypes (Beijing, Beijing-like, Haarlem, Ural, LAM, T, Manu, Microti, Rus 1, Cas, EAI, Canetti, AFRI). Rare genotypes (EAI, Manu, Microti, Rus 1, Cas, AFRI, Canetti) were found in 42/353 (11.9%) patients, of which EAI genotype was found in 8 patients (2.3%), Manu in 14 ( 3.9%), Microti - 13 (3.7%), Cas - 2 (0.57%), Rus 1 - 1 (0.28%), Canetti - 3 (0.85%) , and AFRI - in 1 (0.28%). Tuberculosis cases caused by the Microti genotype were endemic and characterized by homogeneity of the revealed spoligotypes (SIT 539). Isolates of the Manu genotype were registered only in men (100%), mainly living in rural areas (71.4%) and were characterized by a high heterogeneity of SIT (1195, 1485, 1460, 1482, 1088). Tuberculosis caused by the EAI genotype was characterized by a smaller number of destructive forms and forms with bacterial excretion, and high SIT heterogeneity (300, 1431, 1428, 924, 622, 192). There were single cases of the Cas, Canetti, and R genotypes
Andean grasslands are as productive as tropical cloud forests
Get PDFWe aim to assess net primary productivity (NPP) and carbon cycling in Andean tropical alpine grasslands (puna) and compare it with NPP of tropical montane cloud forests. We ask the following questions: (1) how do NPP and soil respiration of grasslands vary over the seasonal cycle? (2) how do burning and grazing affect puna productivity? (3) if the montane forest expands into the puna, what will be the resulting change in productivity? The study sites are located at the South-eastern Peruvian Andes; one grassland site and the forest sites are in Wayqecha biological station, and another grassland site in Manu National Park. At each grassland site, we selected a burnt and an unburnt area, installed unfenced and fenced transects in each area, and monitored above-ground productivity (NPPAG), below-ground productivity (NPPBG) and soil respiration (Rs) for 2 yr. In the forest, we monitored NPPAG, NPPBG and Rs for 2–4 yr. Grassland NPP varied between 4.6 ± 0.25 (disturbed areas) to 15.3 ± 0.9 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 (undisturbed areas) and cloud forest NPP was between 7.05 ± 0.39 and 8.0 ± 0.47 Mg C ha-1 yr-1, while soil carbon stocks were in the range of 126 ± 22 to 285 ± 31Mg C ha-1. There were no significant differences on NPP between the puna and forest sites. The most undisturbed site had significantly higher NPP than other grassland sites, but no differences were found when relating grazing and fire at other sites. There were lower residence times of above-ground biomass compared to below-ground biomass. There was a strong seasonal signal on grassland NPPAG and NPPBG, with a shift on allocation at the beginning of the austral summer. High elevation tropical grasslands can be as productive as adjacent cloud forests, but have very different carbon cycling and retention properties than cloud forests. S Online supplementary data available from stacks.iop.org/ERL/9/115011/mmedia Keywords: tropical alpine wetlands, above-ground productivity, below-ground productivity, fire, grazing, disturbances, pun
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