131 research outputs found
Doxorubicin-loaded phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated nanoliposomes: in vitro characterization and their accumulation in liver, kidneys, and lungs in rats
No full textAnandamoy Rudra, R Manasa Deepa, Miltu Kumar Ghosh, Subhajit Ghosh, Biswajit MukherjeeDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata (Calcutta), IndiaIntroduction: Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-conjugated nanoliposomes were developed, characterized, and investigated for their accumulation in liver, kidneys, and lungs in rats.Methods: Drug-excipient interaction was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), surface morphology by field emission scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, zeta potential and size distribution using a Zetasizer and particle size analyzer, and in vitro drug release by dialysis membrane. In vivo accumulation of liposomes in tissues was also studied.Results: No chemical reaction was observed between drug and excipients. EDX study confirmed PE-conjugation in liposomes. Doxorubicin-loaded liposomes (DOX-L) and PE-conjugated doxorubicin-loaded liposomes (DOX-PEL) were of smooth surface and homogenously distributed in nanosize range (32–37 nm) with a negative surface charge. Loading efficiencies were 49.25% ± 1.05% and 52.98% ± 3.22% respectively, for DOX-L and DOX-PEL. In vitro drug release study showed 69.91% ± 1.05% and 77.07% ± 1.02% doxorubicin released, from DOX-L and DOX-PEL, respectively, in nine hours. Fluorescence microscopic study showed that liposomes were well distributed in liver, lungs, and kidneys.Conclusion: Data suggests that PE-conjugated nanoliposomes released the drug in a sustained manner and were capable of distributing them in various organs. This may be used for cell/ tissue targeting, attaching specific antibodies to PE.Keywords: doxorubicin, phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated nanoliposomes, tissue accumulatio
R, SAS or Python: Let’s Compare!
No full textThe global analytics industry is dynamic and the trends in the languages keep changing. There are attributes that help make the comparison easy. There are five attributes that I have chosen and used a scoring scale to rank the three languages. Across all the attributes the scoring for Python and R is higher when compared to Statistical Analysis System (SAS)
Off the map: climate as a new security border in the EU, USA, India, & Australia
No full textAmong the 100 million refugees and displaced persons in 2022, the category of “climate refugees” has become more salient, yet countries still don’t know how to handle it. Around the world, climate refugees are increasingly visible in highly securitized migratory flows such as from the Latin American dry corridor to the US, Africa to the EU, Pacific Islands to Australia, and Bangladeshis to India. This dissertation examines the variance in security policies on climate displacement among the EU, USA, India, & Australia. It provides evidence that climate refugees were securitized within climate and migration legislation at the international, regional, and national stages. The securitization process itself varied and ranged from framing climate refugees as traditional state security threats to risk management measures. Utilizing a novel securitization framework, expert interviews and computational network tools, I identify and evaluate the factors explaining these variations. Four broad categories of outcomes were identified across the case studies – deterrence, humanitarian & economic, legal protection/pathways, and planned relocations. More specifically, I demonstrate that exclusive outcomes for climate migrants are a combination of active deterrent and development strategies used prominently by the EU and Australia, and increasingly by the US, through measures such as increased policing, criminalization, and detainment in third countries under an umbrella of humanitarian aid and capacity-building. Inclusive outcomes are a combination of legal protection measures such as the Temporary Protected Status in the US, regularizing labor migration e.g., Pacific Labor Mobility scheme in Australia, the military’s role in humanitarian operations through disaster diplomacy undertaken by India in South Asian region, and planned relocations of coastal communities in the US and India. The varying forms of exclusion and inclusion of climate refugees suggest two broad policy implications; One, where state actors transform climate driven migration flows as a border regime unto itself. Here the main idea is to keep out migrants and therefore use deterrent strategies and ineffective economic incentives to source and transit countries. The second option is to recognize the broad range of climate driven mobilities already taking place and regularize these flows through labor agreements, planned relocations, and humanitarian protection measures.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical reference
STUDI KASUS MENGENAI KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DAN TIPE KEPRIBADIAN PADA BIDAN PRAKTIK MANDIRI
Get PDFA midwife is one who is engaged in the profession of public services, especially health. Interest and demand for the services of a midwife continues to increase every year, especially in Indonesia. Midwifery profession itself is a profession with a very heavy job demands, including the welfare and safety of patients. In addition, midwives are also required to perform its role as a wife and homemaker. Both of these roles must be lived well. Therefore, a midwife should be able to maintain her physical and psychological condition, otherwise it can caused stress, fatigue, physical or psychological disorders, or can even jeopardize a patient safety. The demand characteristics and capabilities expected of a midwife in Psychology concepts is integrated in the emotional intelligence concept. The importance of all the capabilities which should be owned by a midwife looks more in line with the concept described by Bar-On who explained emotional intelligence as a synergy between the five large-scale, namely the ability of intrapersonal, interpersonal, adaptability, stress management and general mood. In addition, the type of personality is also considered to have an important role in the profession of midwifery in addition to emotional intelligence. The purpose of this research is to examine the emotional intelligence and personality type of midwives who practice independently. The study was conducted with a qualitative approach by the case study method with 3 participants. This study uses the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) measurement tool, which contains 133 items to measure five aspects of emotional intelligence and the NEO PI-R personality measurement tool as well as an interview guide. The results show that emotional intelligence plays an important role in all three participants profession. All three participants have a good understanding of the concept of emotional intelligence, but all three do not apply well in their work or in everyday life, they intended to show their personality type which is contrast to their understanding of the emotional intelligence concept
Comparison of effects of ropivacaine with and without dexmedetomidine in axillary brachial plexus block: A prospective randomized double-blinded clinical trial
No full textBackground: Addition of dexmedetomidine to ropivacaine for peripheral nerve blocks has shown to improve the efficacy of ropivacaine by prolonging the duration of analgesia. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of ropivacaine alone and in combination with dexmedetomidine in the axillary block.
Materials and Methods: A total of 80 patients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I, II, and III, scheduled for elective forearm and/or hand surgeries were randomly allocated into one of the two groups to receive either 39 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine and 1 ml normal saline (Group R) or 39 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine and 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine diluted to 1 ml with normal saline (Group RD).
Results: There was a significant early the onset of sensory and the motor block in Group RD. Duration of sensory block in Group RD was 677.25 ± 99.64 min and in Group R was 494.38 ± 70.64 min and the difference was clinically significant (P < 0.001). Duration of motor block in Group RD was 712.88 ± 89.32 min and in Group R was 526.25 ± 70.229 min and was clinically significant. Duration of analgesia in Group RD was 764.38 ± 110.275 min and that in Group R was 576.88 ± 76.306 min and was clinically significant. There was a significant alteration in hemodynamics in Group RD when compared to Group R without any side effects.
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine provides quicker onset of anesthesia, longer duration of analgesia. It offers convenient, simple, effective mode of anesthesia, and postoperative analgesia for forearm and/or hand surgeries
Antimicrobial Activity of Ramalina conduplicans Vain. (Ramalinaceae)
Get PDFThe members of the genus Ramalina (Ramalinaceae) are fruticose lichens growing on various types of substrata. The present study was conducted with an aim of determining antimicrobial activity of Ramalina conduplicans Vain. The powdered lichen material was extracted sequentially using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The solvent extracts were screened for antibacterial activity by Agar well diffusion assay against 15 bacteria which included reference strains and isolates from burn, dental caries and urinary tract infections. Poisoned food technique was performed to determine antifungal effect of solvent extracts against fungal isolates from anthracnose of chilli, foot rot of finger millet and mouldy grains of sorghum. Usnic acid, Salazinic acid and Sekikaic acid were detected in the lichen. The solvent extracts were shown to exhibit dose dependent inhibitory activity against test bacteria. Ethyl acetate extract inhibited reference bacterial strains to higher extent. Among solvent extracts, only ethanol extract inhibited all urinary tract bacteria. S. aureus isolates from burn were inhibited to higher extent when compared to S. mutans isolates from dental caries. The solvent extracts exhibited varied inhibitory activity against test fungi. Ethyl acetate extract inhibited Alternaria sp., Aspergillus flavus and Sclerotium rolfsii to higher extent while Colletotrichum capsici and Helminthosporium sp. were inhibited to higher extent by petroleum ether and ethanol extract respectively. The observed inhibitory potential of solvent extracts of R. conduplicans could be ascribed to the presence of secondary metabolites. The lichen can be used in the treatment of bacterial infections and to manage plant pathogenic fungi.Keywords: i Antimicrobial Agar well diffusion Poisoned food techniqu
Evolution of gag and gp41 in Patients Receiving Ritonavir-Boosted Protease Inhibitors
Get PDFSeveral groups have proposed that genotypic determinants in gag and the gp41 cytoplasmic domain (gp41-CD) reduce protease inhibitor (PI) susceptibility without PI-resistance mutations in protease. However, no gag and gp41-CD mutations definitively responsible for reduced PI susceptibility have been identified in individuals with virological failure (VF) while receiving a boosted PI (PI/r)-containing regimen. To identify gag and gp41 mutations under selective PI pressure, we sequenced gag and/or gp41 in 61 individuals with VF on a PI/r (n = 40) or NNRTI (n = 20) containing regimen. We quantified nonsynonymous and synonymous changes in both genes and identified sites exhibiting signal for directional or diversifying selection. We also used published gag and gp41 polymorphism data to highlight mutations displaying a high selection index, defined as changing from a conserved to an uncommon amino acid. Many amino acid mutations developed in gag and in gp41-CD in both the PI- and NNRTI-treated groups. However, in neither gene, were there discernable differences between the two groups in overall numbers of mutations, mutations displaying evidence of diversifying or directional selection, or mutations with a high selection index. If gag and/or gp41 encode PI-resistance mutations, they may not be confined to consistent mutations at a few sites. © 2017 The Author(s).Funding: R.W.S., V.V., P.T., and S.Y.R. were supported in part by the N.I.H. grant AI0168581. D.A.K. and E.W. were supported in part by the N.I.H. grant AI102792. J.M. received support from the Stanford SPARK program and the Fogarty Global Health Equity Scholars Fellowship (NIAID R25 TW009338).</p
Author Correction: Comprehensive analysis of chromothripsis in 2,658 human cancers using whole-genome sequencing
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