1,720,953 research outputs found
An Empirical Evaluation of LLM:s for Software Architecture Recovery
No full textBackground. Software architecture documentation is often outdated or missing in long-lived software systems, making maintenance difficult. Software Architecture Recovery (SAR) aims to reconstruct architectural representations from source code, but existing techniques are often difficult to apply in practice. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new possibilities for architecture recovery. Objectives. This thesis investigates how accurately terminal-integrated LLM-based agents can recover high-level architectural representations from source code, and how self-reflective prompting affects the accuracy and robustness of such recovery. The focus is on recovering container diagrams according to the C4 model, which is a hierarchical architectural modeling framework, from large-scale software systems. Method. A controlled experiment was conducted using three contemporary terminal-integrated LLM-based agents on two large open-source systems. Agent outputs were evaluated against manually constructed ground truth C4 container diagrams using an established error taxonomy. Statistical analysis was applied to compare agent performance before and after self-reflective prompting. In addition, a qualitative industrial replication was performed at Ericsson. Results. All evaluated agents were able to produce architecturally meaningful container-level representations, but with moderate and variable accuracy. No statistically significant differences were found between agents after self-reflection. The dominant source of errors was misalignment in abstraction level rather than semantic misunderstanding. Self-reflective prompting significantly reduced hallucination errors and improved output robustness for agents prone to over-generation, while having limited effect on more conservative agents. Conclusions. Terminal-integrated LLM agents constitute a viable approach for exploratory SAR, particularly when combined with self-reflective prompting. The main challenge is not architectural reasoning itself, but consistent control of abstraction level. These tools are best suited as interactive aids for architectural understanding rather than fully automatic reconstruction mechanisms.Bakgrund. Dokumentation kring arkitekturen för programvara är ofta föråldrad eller helt saknad i långlivade system, vilket försvårar underhåll och vidareutveckling. Software Architecture Recovery (SAR) syftar till att återskapa arkitektoniska representationer från källkod, men befintliga metoder är ofta svåra att tillämpa i praktiken. Nya framsteg inom stora språkmodeller (LLM:er) skapar nya möjligheter för återskapande av arkitekturdokumentation. Syfte. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur väl terminalintegrerade LLM-baserade agenter kan återskapa abstrakta arkitektoniska representationer från källkod, samt hur självreflekterande promptning påverkar noggrannhet och robusthet i denna process. Fokus ligger på återskapande av C4-containermodeller för stora mjukvarusystem. Metod. En kontrollerad experimentstudie genomfördes med tre moderna terminalintegrerade LLM-baserade agenter på två stora open-source-system. Agenternas resultat utvärderades mot manuellt framtagna referensarkitekturer enligt C4-modellen, med hjälp av en etablerad taxonomi för felklassificering. Statistiska analyser användes för att jämföra resultat före och efter självreflekterande prompting. Därutöver genomfördes en kvalitativ industriell replikation hos Ericsson. Resultat. Samtliga agenter kunde generera arkitektonisk meningsfulla containerrepresentationer, men med varierande och måttlig noggrannhet. Inga statistiskt signifikanta skillnader mellan agenterna observerades efter självreflektion. Den dominerande felkällan var felaktig abstraktionsnivå snarare än semantiska missförstånd. Självreflekterande prompting minskade hallucinationsfel avsevärt och ökade robustheten för agenter med tendens till övergenerering. Slutsatser. Terminalintegrerade LLM-baserade agenter är ett lovande verktyg för explorativ SAR, särskilt i kombination med självreflekterande prompting. Den främsta utmaningen är inte arkitektonisk förståelse, utan konsekvent kontroll av abstraktionsnivå. Verktygen lämpar sig bäst som interaktiva stöd för arkitekturell förståelse snarare än helt automatiserade rekonstruktionslösningar
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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