1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Détection rapide des souches de Staphylococcus Aureus problématiques dans la production laitière
Full text linkLa mammite se manifeste par une inflammation de la glande mammaire. C'est probablement la plus coûteuse des maladies infectieuses qui affectent l'industrie laitière dans le monde entier, car elle est à l'origine de nombreux décès dans le monde.
Staphylococcus aureus est la principale cause d'infection intramammaire (IMI) chez les ruminants et est considéré comme l'agent causal le plus important et le plus fréquent de la mammite bovine. C'est l'un des principaux agents pathogènes à l'origine de la mammite bovine clinique et subclinique chez les vaches laitières. Il y a donc un réel besoin de mener des recherches épidémiologiques pour comprendre les mécanismes de ce type d'infection, mais aussi pour développer et trouver un traitement adéquat afin d'éliminer efficacement et durablement S. aureus.
Plusieurs études se sont intéressées à la caractérisation phénotypique et génotypique des isolats de S. aureus impliqués dans l'IMI. D'autres études menées au sein du Laboratoire François Malouin se sont basées sur leur origine clonale (par exemple, spa types et MLST) pour essayer de trouver des corrélations entre certains types de souches et la progression de l'infection. Trois études antérieures réalisées au laboratoire ont permis d'identifier les 6 spa types les plus fréquents (t529 tst+/tst-, t605, t13401, t2445, t359 et t267) chez les bovins laitiers canadiens et ont conduit à des corrélations partielles entre certains gènes de virulence et certaines caractéristiques de ces spa types en ce qui concerne la durée et le type d'IMI produite. Demontier et al. (2021) ont réalisé l'une des dernières études sur ce sujet en étudiant la manière dont divers facteurs tels que la virulence et la réponse de l'hôte se manifestaient dans le modèle murin de l'IMI. Cependant, certains résultats ont dû être revus car t529, qui est le spa type le plus fréquent dans les isolats provenant d'animaux infectés, possède une grande quantité de superantigènes (SAgs), une condition qui le rendrait mieux équipé pour combattre le système immunitaire de l'hôte, mais les résultats obtenus ont été contraires. De plus, l'IMI peut se présenter de différentes manières contre ce spa type t529 en fonction de la présence ou de l'absence du gène tst. Ainsi, un des objectifs importants de ce travail a été de poursuivre les études de Demontier et al, (2021). relatives à la comparaison de la virulence entre les souches de S. aureus spa type t529 (tst +/tst -) dans un modèle murin d'infection intramammaire. Pour ce faire, la capacité de ces souches à infecter la glande mammaire murine et à induire une inflammation locale a été évaluée en mesurant la myéloperoxydase (MPO) libérée par les neutrophiles au cours de l'infection. De plus, la capacité hémolytique de ces souches a été vérifiée en mesurant le diamètre d'hémolyse autour des colonies sur des plaques de gélose au sang. Les souches t529 tst+ étaient moins virulentes que les souches tst- malgré la présence du gène codant pour la toxine du syndrome du choc toxique. Nos résultats confirment que la présence de tst+ réduit la virulence apparente, comme l'ont rapporté Demontier et al. (2021) pour une souche t529 tst+, et permet peut-être une plus grande persistance de ces souches. En outre, les résultats de la comparaison de la virulence entre les souches t529 tst+ et tst- ont montré une observation très intéressante en ce qui concerne l'activité hémolytique. Dans chacun des groupes, des souches ont révélé de faibles niveaux de CFU, qui coïncidaient avec les souches non hémolytiques. Ce résultat indique l'existence d'autres sous-groupes de souches de S. aureus présentant des niveaux de virulence inférieurs au sein de t529, indépendamment de la présence ou non du gène tst.
Un autre objectif important de notre projet était d'améliorer l'efficacité des programmes de contrôle de S. aureus en identifiant les souches susceptibles de provoquer des symptômes cliniques ou des infections subcliniques, ainsi que celles capables de persister dans la glande mammaire et de provoquer des infections chroniques. L'identification des souches problématiques pourrait aider à prendre de meilleures décisions de gestion dans l'exploitation, pour cela nous sommes partis des séquences génomiques complètes de tous les spa types, pour identifier les gènes qui sont spécifiques à chaque spa type et développer une PCR multiplex pour leur détection. La possibilité d'appliquer la technologie MALDI-TOF pour distinguer les spa type importants a également été explorée. Les deux méthodes constituent un outil de pronostic pour aider à la gestion du troupeau et aux décisions de traitement.Mastitis manifests itself as an inflammation of the mammary gland. It is probably the costliest of the infectious diseases that affect the dairy industry worldwide, as it causes in the world.
Staphylococcus aureus is the main cause of intramammary infection (IMI) in ruminants and is considered the most important and frequent causative agent of bovine mastitis. It is one of the main pathogens that cause both clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis in dairy cattle. Hence there is a real need to carry out epidemiological research to understand the mechanisms of this type of infec-tion, but also to develop and find a suitable treatment to effectively and durably eliminate S. aureus.
Several studies have focused on the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of S. aureus isolates involved in IMI. While other studies carried out in Francois Malouin Laboratory have been based on their clonal origin (for example, spa types and MLST) to try to find correlations between certain strain types and the progression of the infection. Three previous studies carried out in the laboratory have identified the 6 most frequent spa types (t529 tst+/tst-, t605, t13401, t2445, t359 and t267) in Canadian dairy cattle and have led to partial correlations between certain virulence genes and cer-tain characteristics of these spa types regarding the duration and type of IMI produced. Demontier et al. (2021) carried out one of the last studies related to this topic where they studied how various factors such as virulence and host response were manifested in the mouse model for IMI. However, some results needed to be reverified since t529, which is the most frequent spa type in isolates from infected animals, has a large quantity of superantigens (SAgs), a condition that would make it better equipped to combat the host's immune system, but the results obtained were opposite. Also, IMI can present itself in different ways against this spa type t529 depending on the presence or absence of the tst gene. Hence, one of the important objectives of this work arose, which was to continue the studies of Demontier et al, (2021) related to the comparison of virulence between S. aureus spa type t529 (tst +/tst -) strains in a mouse model of intramammary infection (IMI). For this purpose, the ability of these strains to infect the murine mammary gland and induce local inflammation was evaluated by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) released by neutrophils during infection. In ad-dition, the hemolytic capacity of these strains was verified by measuring the diameter of hemolysis around colonies on blood agar plates. The t529 tst+ strains were less virulent than the tst- strains despite having the gene that codes for toxic shock syndrome toxin. Our results confirmed that presence of tst+ reduces the apparent virulence as reported for one t529 tst+ strain by Demontier et al. (2021), and possibly allow a greater persistence of such strains. In addition, the results of the virulence comparison between the t529 tst+ and tst- strains showed a very interesting observation when considering hemolytic activity. In each of the groups there were strains that revealed low CFU levels, which coincided with the non-hemolytic strains. This result indicates the existence of other subgroups of S. aureus strains showing lower levels of virulence within t529, regardless of the presence or not of the tst gene.
Another important goal of our project was to improve the effectiveness of S. aureus control pro-grams by identifying strains prone to cause clinical symptoms or subclinical infections, as well as those capable of persisting in the mammary gland and causing chronic infections. The identifica-tion of problematic strains could help to make better management decisions on the farm, for this we started from the complete genomic sequences of all spa types, to identify the genes that are specific to each spa type and develop a multiplex PCR for their detection. The possibility of ap-plying MALDI-TOF technology to distinguish important spa types was also explored. Both meth-ods as a prognostic tool to aid in herd management and treatment decisions
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
