1,720,954 research outputs found
Evaluation of Candida glabrata for Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of Total Sago Effluent
Full text linkSago palm plantations are mostly found in Sarawak and the sago industries have produced tons of wastes every year. These sago wastes could be potential biomass substrate for bioethanol production as it can be found abundantly. In bioethanol production, the ability of microorganisms to ferment substrate is important to achieve high ethanol yield. Candida glabrata is commonly found in fermented foods such as ragi and can potentially be used as a fermentative organism in bioethanol production. Hence, in this study, C. glabrata was evaluated to convert carbohydrate substrates to ethanol. The first objective of the study was evaluation of C. glabrata in production of ethanol from simple sugar such as glucose, maltose and sucrose. Fermentation process was carried out for 5 days, with 150 rpm at ambient temperature. Results indicated that C. glabrata only consumed glucose and sucrose with the maximum ethanol production of approximately 20.4 g/l and 1.64 g/l, respectively. Among these sugars, C. glabrata yielded the highest ethanol content in glucose substrate. This showed that C. glabrata could be a potential fermentative organism since it can ferment glucose efficiently. Next, the fermenting capability of C. glabrata was evaluated on complex sugars such as soluble starch and cellulose powder. Results showed that C. glabrata capable of fermenting soluble starch and cellulose powder only with the aid of enzymes (amylases and cellulases). In the absence of enzymes, there was no ethanol produced. This indicated that C. glabrata does not produce amylolytic enzymes that breakdown starch. C. glabrata also unable of breaking down cellulose and requires extracellular cellulase to convert cellulose into fermentable sugar. In the last objective, C. glabrata was subjected to Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) using total sago effluent as a biomass feedstock. Prior to the SSF, compositional analysis steps were conducted. Based on the results, total sago effluent was comprised 97.14 ± 0.09% sago hydrolysate and 2.86 ± 0.09% solid component (sago hampas). Further compositional analysis was carried out, and it was found that sago hydrolysate was containing 2.23 ± 0.86% starch while sago hampas was composed of 52.03 ± 1.11% starch, 27.82 ± 0.62% cellulose, 5.32 ± 0.96% hemicellulose, 3.00 ± 0.05% lignin and 1.95 ± 0.03% ash. SSF was conducted on total sago effluent for 5 days with the aid of enzymes (amylases and cellulases) and C. glabrata as a fermenting organism in a working volume of 150 ml. Results showed that the highest ethanol production was detected at 24 h, with a yield of 5.44 g/l. This indicated that C. glabrata could be used in bioethanol production because it can grow on lignocellulosic substrate such as total sago effluent. During the SSF, C. glabrata was found to be incapable of fermenting xylose and arabinose, thus resulting in low ethanol yield. Overall, C. glabrata has high fermentative activity for glucose, with 79.84% of theoretical yield which makes it highly suitable candidate for glucose fermentation. However, C. glabrata was incapable of fermenting other substrates efficiently as glucose since it only yielded low ethanol content for both sucrose and total sago effluent. Therefore, it can be concluded that C. glabrata is inefficient and unsuitable for industrial bioethanol processes. The efficiency and productivity of ethanol can be enhanced by performing genetic modification to increase the range of consumed sugars by C. glabrata
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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