1,720,962 research outputs found
Indigenous Fruit in Papua New Guinea
No full textThis paper describes some of the indigenous :fruit species of Papua New Guinea (pNG), that is, species which were grown and eaten prior to settlement by other Pacific islanders, Europeans and Asians from about 1870 AD onwards. A list of 40 species that are eaten as fruit in PNG is presented, but the list is by no means complete. Information is given on 10 of the most commonly eaten indigenous :fruits grown by the rural population, and six other indigenous fruit species. The following attributes are covered for each species: how the fruit is consumed; global distribution; distribution within PNG; altitudinal range in PNG; the number of rural people who live in locations where the species is common; production pattern (crop seasonality); marketing; and potential for further development. The species discussed are bukabuk (Burckella obovata), coastal pandanus (Pandanus tectorius), golden apple (Spondias cytherea), kumu musong (Ficus copiosa), Ficus dammaropsis, Ficus tinctoria, Ficus wassa, Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense), marita (Pandanus conoideus), mon (Dracontomelon dao), parartocarpus (Parartocarpus venenosa), pouteria (Pouteria maclayana), rukam (Flacourtia rukam), ton (Pometia pinnata), watery rose apple (Syzygium aqueum) and traditional mango (Mangifera minor)
Production Patterns for Fruit and Nut Species in Papua New Guinea and some Implications for Marketing
No full textThe supply of a particular fruit or nut varies over time for a number of reasons, one of which is seasonal or non-seasonal changes in the supply from the plants. This is termed the production pattern. This paper builds on a major study of the production patterns of 180 economic crops in PNG and a subsidiary study that compared the period of plentiful supply of 57 fruit and 5 nut-bearing species in PNG with the patterns in Australia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand. A brief overview of the production patterns for a number of fruit and nut-bearing species is given. There are three major physical environmental factors that initiate the onset of flowering. These are changes in day length, temperature and moisture. The different influences that these environmental factors have on the flowering of some species is described. The prospects for exploiting differences in the production patterns for marketing within PNG and to overseas markets is examined. There are some theoretical prospects for exploiting seasonal differences between PNG and both Australian and nearby Northern Hemisphere countries for a number of crops, particularly for durian, langsat, mangosteen, pulasan and rambutan. In practice, the possibilities of exploiting seasonal differences in the producing period between Australia or nearby Northern Hemisphere countries are remote because of significant constraints. There are better prospects for exploiting differences for certain fruit and nut species within PNG
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Potential for Further Commercial Development of Introduced Fruits
No full textMany fruit species are grown and eaten in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and significant quantities of fruit are produced for both subsistence consumption and sale. The main growers are villagers, who produce only a limited quantity of each species. There is still considerable potential for expansion of production for sale, with the sale of sweet fruit into the highlands and in Port Moresby having the most potential. It is critical that further development of fruit production takes place in locations with better access to the Highlands Highway and to Port Moresby, as well as having suitable climatic conditions. Fruit species with potential for further commercial production are identified and notes given on the major constraints that need to be addressed so that this potential can be realised. Four species in particular mandarin, mango, mangosteen and rambutan - have significant potential for expanded production. Five well-established species could also be further developed and marketed. These are avocado, banana, orange, pawpaw and pineapple. A group of less common species have some limited potential for further production and marketing. In the lowlands, these are carambola, durian, guava, langsat, longan, pomelo, pulasan, rockmelon (cantaloupe), sweetsop ( custard apple) and watermelon. Highland species in this group are banana passionfruit, cape gooseberry, cherimoya, naranjilla, purple passionfruit, black raspberry, strawberry, suga prut (Passiflora ligularis) and tamarillo (tree tomato)
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
