1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Toxicological effects of magnetite nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3) on cells and tissues of Poecilia reticulata
No full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEGThe environmental risk of nanomaterials (NMs) designed and used in nanoremediation process is of emerging concern, but their ecotoxilogical effects to aquatic organism remains unclear. In this present study, the citrate-coated (maghemite) nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesized and its genotoxic, mutagenic, the melanomacrophage centers (MMC) response and hepatic histopathological biomarkers were investigated in female guppy. Fish were exposed to IONPs at environmentally relevant iron concentration (0.3 mg L-1) during 21 days and the animals were collected at the beginning of the experiment and after 3, 7, 14 and 21 days of exposure. The genotoxicity and mutagenicity were evaluated in terms of DNA damage (comet assay), micronucleus (MN) test, erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA) frequency and the liver were dissected and fixed dehydrated through increasing ethanol gradient, immersed in xylene PA, embedded in paraffin, performed of liver sections (5 μm thick) (3 sections per animal) in the microtome, stained by Mallory’s Trichrome and H. E. and analyzed. Results showed differential genotoxic and mutagenic effects of IONPs in the P. reticulata according to exposure time. The IONP induced DNA damage in P. reticulata after acute (3 and 7 days) and long-term exposure (14 and 21 days), while the mutagenic effects were observed only after long-term exposure. The DNA damage and the total ENA frequency increase linearly over the exposure time, indicating a higher induction rate of clastogenic and aneugenic effects in P. reticulata erythrocytes after long-term exposure to IONPs. Guppies exposed to IONPs showed increasing in the number, area and perimeter of MMC when compared to the unexposed ones, especially after 7 days of exposure. The results showed an increase in the frequency of histopathological changes in fish after the 7 days of exposure to IONPs, such micro- and macro-vesicular steatosis, melanomacrophage aggregates, exudate and haemorrhagic foci. The acute (3 and 7 days) and long-term (14 and 21 days) exposure of P. reticulata to IONPs induced high histopathological indexes associated with circulatory disorders and inflammatory responses. Results indicated that blood system and liver tissue of P. reticulata are excellent target organs to studies the ecotoxicity of IONPs. Confirming that P. reticulata is a biomonitor specie indicated for studies of ecotoxicity of IONPs.O risco ambiental dos nanomateriais projetados e utilizados para nanoremediação se mostram hoje de grande interesse econômico e ambiental, mas seus efeitos ecotóxicológicos para os organismos aquáticos ainda permanecem obscuros. Neste presente estudo, as nanopartículas de oxido de ferro funcionalizadas com citrato (maghemita) (NOFs) foram sintetizadas e seus efeitos genotóxicos, mutagênicos, e histopatológicos foram investigados em fêmeas de Poecilia reticulata. Os peixes foram expostos a maghemita em concentrações de ferro ambientalmente relevantes (0,3 mg.L-1) durante 21 dias e os animais foram coletados no início do experimento e após 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias de
exposição. A genotoxicidade e a mutagenicidade foram avaliadas por meio do dano causado ao DNA (Ensaio cometa), o teste do micronúcleo (MN) e anormalidades nucleares de eritrócitos (ANE) avaliaram o potencial mutagênico. Os fígados foram dissecados, fixados, desidratados em etanol, imersos em xilol, embebidos em parafina, e seccionados com 5 μm de espessura, os cortes corados em H.E. e Tricrômico de Mallory foram analisados e obtidos dados histomorfométricos. Os resultados mostraram efeitos genotóxicos e mutagênicos diferenciais das NOFs em P. reticulata de acordo com o tempo de exposição. As NOFs induziram danos ao DNA após exposição aguda (3 e 7 dias) e de longo prazo (14 e 21 dias), enquanto os efeitos mutagênicos foram observados somente para a exposição prolongada. O dano no DNA e a frequência total de ANE aumentaram linearmente ao longo do tempo de exposição, indicando uma maior taxa de indução de efeitos clastogênicos e aneugênicos em eritrócitos de P. reticulata após exposição prolongada a NOFs. Os guppies expostos também mostraram aumento do número, área e perímetro dos MMC quando comparados ao grupo controle, especialmente após 7 dias de exposição. Os resultados mostraram um aumento na frequência de alterações histopatológicas em peixes após os 7 dias de exposição as NOFs, tais como esteatose micro- e macro-vesicular, aumento dos MMC, exsudatos e focos hemorrágicos. A exposição aguda (3 e 7 dias) e a longo prazo (14 e 21 dias) de P. reticulata a NOFs induziu índices histopatológicos elevados associados a distúrbios circulatórios e respostas inflamatórias. Os resultados indicaram que os tecidos sanguíneo e hepático dos guppies são excelentes órgão alvo para estudar a ecotoxicidade das NOFs, confirmando que o P. reticulata é uma espécie biomonitora indicada para estudos sobre a ecotoxicidade das NOFs
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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