1,721,153 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Amynthas dongfangensis Qiu & Sun, sp. nov.
No full textAmynthas dongfangensis Qiu & Sun sp. nov. (Figs. 3 A, B) Material. Holotype: One clitellate (C-HN010): China, Hainan Province, Mt. Jianfeng (18 ° 44.36 ’N, 108 ° 50.40 ’E), 980 m. elevation, coll. J. P. Qiu and J. X. Li, 5 Jun, 2006. Locality and habitat. The specimen was collected from yellow cinnamon soil under montane forest composed of Chinese fan-palm trees and camphor trees of Jianfeng Mountain, Dongfang country, Hainan province, China. Etymology. The species is named after its location. Diagnosis. Dimensions 44mm by 1.5mm at clitellum, incomplete posterior amputee. Setae 28 /III, 26 /V, 34 /VIII, 34 /XX, 36 /XXV; 5 between male pores; 10 between spermathecal pores. Spermathecal pores in 4 / 5– 8 / 9, about 0.33 circumference ventrally apart. Male pores paired in XVIII, 0.33 body circumference ventrally apart, each on the centre of flat-topped conical protuberance surrounded by three to five circular folds. Description. Preserved specimens dark brown or purple on dorsum in front of clitellum, brown on dorsum behind clitellum, lacking pigment on ventrum. Dimensions 44mm by 1.5mm at clitellum, incomplete posterior amputee; body cylindrical in cross-section, gradually tapered towards head. No secondary annulations in front of clitellum. Prostomium ½epilobous. Setae numbering 28 at III, 26 at V, 34 at VIII, 34 at XX, 36 at XXV; 5 between male pores; 10 between spermathecal pores, setal formula: AA= 1.2 AB, ZZ= 2 ZY. Clitellum annular XIV–XVI, relatively long, smooth, swollen, reddish-brown, setae invisible externally. First dorsal pore 11 / 12. Five pairs of spermathecal pores in 4 / 5–8 / 9, ventral, eye-like, small, about 0.33 circumference ventrally apart. Male pores paired in XVIII, 0.33 body circumference ventrally apart, each on the centre of flat-topped conical protuberance surrounded by three to five circular folds (Fig. 3 A). Female pore on XIV, in a small ovoid tubercle. Genital markings not present. Septa 6 / 7 thick, 8 / 9 – 9 / 10 absent. Dorsal blood vessel single, continuous onto pharynx; esophageal hearts in X–XIII. Gizzard in VIII–X, long bucket-shaped; intestine enlarged distinctly from XV; intestinal caeca simple and smooth, originating in XXVII and extending forward to XXV. Ovaries in XIII, spermathecae paired in V–IX; ampulla oval-shaped and fully filled, 1.1mm long, with an equal duct; diverticulum longer than 0.25 length of main pouch, terminal 0.33 dilated into a pointed cayenneshaped chamber; no nephridia on spermathecal ducts (Fig. 3 B). Male sexual system holandric, testis sacs two pairs, in X–XI, first pair developed, oval-shaped, the latter pair possibly incorporating seminal vesicles; seminal vesicles paired in each of XI and XII, well developed; prostates in XVII–XXI, gland developed, racemose, prostatic duct n-shaped. Remarks. The present species keys to the hexathecus group which comprises ten species (Sims & Easton, 1972). They were collected from Borneo, the Philippines, or the Solomon Islands. These ten reported species are distinguished by the presence or absence of septa in 8 / 9 – 9 / 10, the relationship between the first pair of seminal vesicles and the second pair of testis sacs including whether they are enclosed or unenclosed, the shapes of spermathecae and diverticulum and the variety of male pore region papilla. The common characteristics are that they have five spermathecal pores in 4 / 5–8 / 9 and developed prostate glands. Amynthas dongfangensis sp. nov. is similar to A. orientalis (Beddard, 1912) except with regards to the absence or presence of septa in 9 / 10, they are quite different. In addition, the shape and the length of diverticulum of A. orientalis is club-shaped and one-half the length of the spermatheca, while that of Amynthas dongfangensis sp. nov. is cayenne-shaped and one and a quarter the length of the spermatheca. What is more, the clitellum of A. orientalis is in 2 / 3 XIV– 1 / 3 XVI, the first dorsal pores are in 12 / 13, and its last pair of hearts is in segment XII, however the clitellum of Amynthas dongfangensis sp. nov. is in XIV–XVI, the first dorsal pores are in 11 / 12, and its last pair of hearts is in segment XIII. Finally, large genital papillae are present in A. orientalis, but not in Amynthas dongfangensis sp. nov. The cecum location of A. orientalis was not record by Beddard, some information available suggests that this species may be a Pithemera, but this has not been confirmed. Anyway, Sims & Easton (1972) regarded this species as a Amynthas, for this reason, we distinguish the new species from this one.Published as part of Sun, Jing, Zhao, Qi & Qiu, Jiang-Ping, 2010, Three new species of earthworms belonging to the genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Hainan Island, China, pp. 26-32 in Zootaxa 2680 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19932
Amynthas montanus Qiu & Sun 2012, sp. nov.
No full textAmynthas montanus Qiu & Sun, sp. nov. (Fig. 2A, B) Material. Holotype: One clitellate (C-HN032-04) specimen, China, Hainan Province, Mt. Diaoluo (18°40.05’N, 109°53.27’E), 394 m. elevation, cinnamon sandy soil under the banana and arbor forests, 7 Jun. 2006, J. P. Qiu and W. X. Zhang coll. Paratype, One clitellate (C-HN023-02): imcomplete posterior amputee, China, Hainan Province, Mt. Diaoluo (18°43.39’N, 109°51.55’E), 930 m. elevation, yellow cinnamon soil in bamboo and camphor forest beside road, 6 Jun. 2006, J. P. Qiu and M. B. Bouché coll. Etymology. This species is named after its mountain habitat. Diagnosis. Bigger-sized Amynthas earthworms; four pairs of spermathecal pores in 5/6–8/9, eye-like, clear, about 0.33 body circumference ventrally apart; male pores 0.33 body circumference ventrally apart, each round, on setal line with elevated center surrounded by 2 to 3 circular folds, with two pairs of ovate and flat-topped genital papillae on 17/18 and 18/19; diverticulum shorter than main spermathecal axis, terminal 0.4 dilated into a rodshaped chamber, stalk composed of entally widening hairpin loops. Description. External characters. Preserved specimens no pigment, clear mid-dorsal line. Dimensions?– 210mm by 4.5–7.5mm at clitellum, segments?–193, big earthworm, incomplete posterior amputee in paratype; body cylindrical in cross-section, gradually tapered towards head and tail. Prostomium ½ epilobous. Setae numbering 52–74 at III, 72–120 at V, 80–142 at VIII, 52–102 at XX, 60–96 at XXV; 12–18 between male pores; 26–36/VI, 21–42/VII, 24–40/VIII between spermathecal pores, setal formula AA=1.2–1.8AB, ZZ=1.8–2ZY. Clitellum annular XIV–XVI, smooth, light-red, or light brown; setae can be seen externally in XIV–XVI; dorsal pore present; one specimen has furrows in clitellum. First dorsal pore 12/13. Four pairs of spermathecal pores in 5/6–8/9, about 0.33 circumference ventrally apart. Male pores paired in XVIII, 0.33 body circumference ventrally apart; each round on setal line with elevated center surrounded by 2 to 3 circular folds. Genital papillae ovate, flat-topped, diameter 0.7–0.8mm, surrounded by epidermal folds, paired on 17/18, 18/19 median to male pores. (Fig. 2A). Female pore single mid-ventral in XIV. Internal characters. Septa 5/6–7/8 and 10/11–12/13 muscular, 13/14 slightly thickened, 8/9–9/10 absent. Dorsal blood vessel single, continuous onto pharynx; esophageal hearts enlarged in X–XIII. Gizzard in VIII–X, ball-shaped; intestine enlarged gradually from XVI; intestinal caeca simple, originating in XXVII and extending forward to XXV, finger-shaped sac with smooth margins. Ovaries in XIII. Spermathecae paired in VI–IX, about 4.2mm long; ampulla heart-shaped, stout duct as long as 0.75 ampulla; diverticulum shorter than main spermathecal axis, terminal 0.4 dilated into a rod-shaped chamber, stalk composed of entally widening hairpin loops; no nephridia on spermathecal ducts (Fig. 2B). Male sexual system holandric, testis sacs two pairs, ventral in X, XI, anterior pair connected with membrane on ventrum between left and right side; seminal vesicles paired in each of XI and XII, anterior pair bigger in size, the latter pair vestigial; prostates in XVI–XX, coarsely lobate, prostatic duct u-shaped, distal end appreciably enlarged. No accessory glands were seen. Remarks. Amynthas montanus sp. nov. is a big octothecal earthworm belonging to the corticis -group (Sims & Easton, 1972). The arrangement of male pore region genital papillae of Amynthas montanus sp. nov. is somewhat similar to that of Amynthas tetrapapillatus Quan 1989 from Hainan Island, Amynthas diaoluomontis Qiu and Sun 2009 from Hainan Island and Amynthas wulinensis Tsai 2001 from Taiwan. Table 2 is given to illustrate the differences between Amynthas montanus sp. nov. and those three reported species in detail. This new species differs from A. tetrapapillatus in the features of pigment, position of first dorsal pore, setae in clitellum, transverse distance between spermathecal pores, number and size of spermathecae. Amynthas montanus sp. nov. has no pigment, first dorsal pore in 12/13, setae externally in XIV–XVI, 0.33 circumference ventrally apart between spermathecal pores and four pairs of spermathecae which are 4.2mm long. In contrast, A. tetrapapillatus has light maroon pigment, first dorsal pore in 11/12, no setae externally in XIV–XVI, spermathecal pores 0.17 circumference dorsally apart and only one pair of spermathecae which is 1.8–2.0mm long. Amynthas montanus sp. nov. is easily distinguished from A. diaoluomontis by the number of spermathecae, transverse distance between spermathecal pores, prostomium, setal formula, characters of male pores, indentations of intestinal caeca, the size of spermathecae and characters of diverticulum. Amynthas montanus sp. nov. and A. wulinensis can be separated on the basis of its variable position of genital papillae from XVII–XX and the character of diverticulum. The genital papillae of A. wulinensis are usually located in posterior annulet between the setal line and the posterior intersegmental furrow, while there may occasionally be an additional pair or 1 papilla in XX, or missing one in XVII or XIX. In Amynthas montanus sp. nov., genital papillae are always situated on 17/18, 18/19 median to the male pores. The diverticulum of A. wulinensis has an oval, shining white seminal chamber and a slender, straight stalk, other than a rod-shaped chamber and hairpin looped stalk. Otherwise, they have some other differences in the position of first dorsal pore, setae and dorsal pore of clitellum, transverse distance of spermathecal pores, pigment, characters of gizzard and accessory glands near prostates.Published as part of Sun, Jing, Jiang, Ji-Bao & Qiu, Jiang-Ping, 2012, Four new species of the Amynthas corticis-group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Hainan Island, China, pp. 149-158 in Zootaxa 3458 on pages 154-15
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Amynthas trapezoides Qiu & Sun, sp. nov.
No full textAmynthas trapezoides Qiu & Sun sp. nov. (Figs. 1 A, B) Material. Holotype: One clitellate (C-HN008A): China, Hainan Province, Mt. Jianfeng (18 ° 44.45 ’N, 108 ° 50.32 ’E), 1020 m. elevation, soil, coll. J. P. Qiu and M. B. Bouché, 5 Jun. 2006. Paratype: Three clitellates (C-HN008B): Same data as for holotype. Other material: Seventeen semiclitellates (C-HN008C): Same data as for holotype. Locality and habitat. The specimens were collected from a yellow cinnamon soil under the arbors of Jianfeng Mountain tropical rain forests, Hainan province, China. Etymology. This species is named after its character of arrangement of spermathecal pores. Diagnosis. Dimensions 147–155mm by 3.2–3.6mm at clitellum, segments 147–194. Setae 44– 54 /III, 52– 68 /V, 52– 70 /VIII, 58–66 /XX, 54–60 /XXV; 0 between male pores; 4–6 between spermathecal pores. Spermathecal pores in 6 / 7 – 7 / 8, arranged at corner of trapezoid near the mid-ventral line. Male pores on XVIII, with a complicated glandular region on ventral side of 1 / 2 XVII– 1 / 4 XIX. Description. Preserved specimens grayish on dorsum in segment I–V, and no pigment in other segments. Dimensions 147–155mm by 3.2–3.6mm at clitellum, segments 147–194; body cylindrical in cross-section, gradually tapered towards head and tail. Prostomium ½epilobous. Setae numbering 44–54 at III, 52–68 at V, 52–70 at VIII, 58–66 at XX, 54–60 at XXV; 0 between male pores; 4–6 between spermathecal pores, setal formula AA= 1.1–1.2 AB, ZZ= 1.3–2.2 ZY. Clitellum annular XIV–XVI, reddish-brown, or grayish-brown, or yellow-brown, or light yellow; setae cannot be seen externally in clitellum. First dorsal pore 12 / 13. Two pairs of spermathecal pores in 6 / 7 – 7 / 8, ventral, arranged at corners of trapezoid, each on a small swollen forward extension of segments VII and VIII respectively. The first pair of spermathecal pores is very close to each other as compared to the second ones, being only 0.1 circumference ventrally apart. Male pores are paired in XVIII and the male pore region is very complex from 1 / 2 XVII– 1 / 4 XIX, being twisted into a glandular ventral region which includes a small extended papillae in the front edge and a pair of closely situated protuberant male pores at perichaetine of XVIII, as well as a vertical trench between two male pores from 1 / 2 XVIII to 17 / 18. This glandular region with three depression in upper place, left and right side near the bottom, has a clear dividing line at perichaetine of XVIII (Fig. 1 A). Female pore single in XIV. Septa 5 / 6–7 / 8 thick and muscular, 10 / 11 – 11 / 12 slightly thickened, 8 / 9 – 9 / 10 absent. Dorsal blood vessel single, continuous onto pharynx; esophageal hearts in X–XIII, the last two pairs of which are bigger than the anterior pairs. Gizzard in VIII–X, bucket-shaped, covered with white flocs; intestine enlarged gradually from XV and distinctly from XX; intestinal caeca simple, originating in XXVII and extending forward to XXV, horn-shaped sac with a slight incision on dorsal margins at the septa. Ovaries in XIII, spermathecae paired in VII–VIII; ampulla heart-shaped or oval-shaped, about 2.2mm long, gradually slender duct as long as 0.33 ampulla; diverticulum shorter than main pouch by 0.5, slender, terminal 0.25 dilated into an oval-shaped chamber; no nephridia on spermathecal ducts (Fig. 1 B). Male sexual system holandric, testis sacs two pairs, developed, ventral in X, XI, in close proximity to two sides on ventrum; seminal vesicles paired in each of XI and XII, anterior pair bigger in size and connected on dorsum, the latter pair separated from each other clearly; prostates in XVII–XXI, glands developed, coarsely lobate, prostatic duct irregular shaped, repeatedly curved, very close to ventral midline. No accessory glands were seen. Remarks. Amynthas trapezoides sp. nov. keys to the tokioensis group which comprised eighteen species in Sims & Easton (1972). After Sims & Easton (1972), twenty more species were reported. They are A. platycorpus (Thai, 1982), Metaphire jianfengensis (Quan, 1985), A. zhongi Qiu & Wang, 1991, A. quadrapulvinatus Wu & Sun, 1997, A. yongshilensis Hong & James, 2001, A. alveolatus Hong & James, 2001, M. geomunensis (Hong & James, 2001), A. eastoni Hong & James, 2001, A. boletiformis Hong & James, 2001, A. odaesanensis Hong & James, 2001, A. righii Hong & James, 2001, A. fasciiformis Hong & James, 2001, A. sanchongensis Hong & James, 2001, A. songnisanensis Hong & Lee, 2001, A. ephippiatus Hong & Lee, 2001, A. multimaculatus Hong & Lee, 2001, A. mujuensis Hong & Kim, 2002, A. yeoi Hong & Kim, 2002, A. heshanensis Zhang & Qiu, 2006, A. jiangmenensis Zhang & Qiu, 2006. The appearance of Amynthas trapezoides sp. nov. is somewhat similar to that of A. quadrapulvinatus. They share some similar characters: two pairs of spermathecal pores in 6 / 7 – 7 / 8; absent septa in 8 / 9 – 9 / 10; heart-shaped ampulla or oval-shaped spermathecae. However, the new species can be distinguished from A. quadrapulvinatus in that it lacks pigment, has two pairs of closely spaced spermathecal pore in 6 / 7 and 7 / 8 in the form of a trapezoid, a special male pore region comprising of a glandular depression divided by a clear line, and two male pores which are very closely spaced, Amynthas quadrapulvinatus, on the other hand, has fulvous pigment, spermathecal pores which are equidistantly spaced, and a rectangular pad male pore region with two pairs of larger truncated additional papillae that were 0.2 body circumference ventrally apart. Moreover, the new species is twice as long as A. quadrapulvinatus.Published as part of Sun, Jing, Zhao, Qi & Qiu, Jiang-Ping, 2010, Three new species of earthworms belonging to the genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Hainan Island, China, pp. 26-32 in Zootaxa 2680 on pages 26-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19932
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