1,727,020 research outputs found
On the Qing-liu 淸流 Party at the End of the Later-Han 後漢 Dynasty
Get PDFThe so-called Dang-gu 黨錮 affair (the proscription of the literati) at the end of the Later-Han 後漢 period appears to have involved a conflict between the Qing-liu 清流 (Pure) party and the Zhuo-liu 濁流 (Turbid) party, and the suppression of the Qing-liu by the Zhuo-liu. The Qing-liu party consisted of bureaucrats, tai-xue-sheng 太學生 (imperial university students), jun-guo-xue-sheng 郡國學生 (provincial students), and rich men who behaved like you-xia 游俠的富豪. Most of them belonged to the great families. The local Qing-liu cliques were also led by persons who hailed from the great families. The Qing-liu aimed to maintain the great families' local control by the cha-ju 察擧 system, which had been established in the course of the Han period, and by monopolizing the Xiang-ju-li-xuan 郷擧里選 system and becoming bureaucrats. The Confucianism on which they based their criticism against the eunuchs, functioned as the ideology which assisted them in maintaining the cha-ju system whereby the relations between the state and the great families complemented each other. However, as the majority of the Qing-liu party hailed from the great families, which were contradictory to the Xiang-li 郷里 society of the Han period, the Qing-liu movement was after all not able to unite with the masses of Xiang-li society. This is the reason for their defeat and the appearance of recluse-like personages (逸民的人士) who aimed at solidarity with the masses in order to reconstruct the destroyed Xiang-li society of the Han period. The role of these recluse-like people was therefore to become important in the formation of the aristocracy of the Wei 魏 and Chin 晉 periods
ON THE HORIZONTAL MEAN CURVATURE FLOW FOR AXISYMMETRIC SURFACES IN THE HEISENBERG GROUP
No full textWe study the horizontal mean curvature flow in the Heisenberg group by using the level-set method. We prove the uniqueness, existence and stability of axisymmetric viscosity solutions of the level-set equation. An explicit solution is given for the motion starting from a subelliptic sphere. We also give several properties of the level-set method and the mean curvature flow in the Heisenberg group
On the characterization of p-harmonic functions on the Heisenberg group by mean value properties
No full textWe characterize harmonic functions in the Heisenberg group in terms of an asymptotic mean value property, where , following the scheme
described in \cite{MPR} for the Euclidean case. The new tool that allows us to consider the subelliptic case is a geometric lemma, Lemma \ref{lemma1} below, that relates the directions of the points of maxima and minima of a function on a small subelliptic ball with the unit horizontal gradient of that function
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Liu Shaoqi xiu yang bao chan dao hu shen pi hei "Xiu yang" su qing liu du pi pan du cao
No full text東風紅画兵绘.文字: 刘少奇 修养 包产到户 深批黑《修养》肃清流毒 批判毒草 ;下款: 東風紅画兵绘 (1966.12); 印記: ... 术学院 ...兵...裝裱後高寬: 122 x 66 cm.Title devised by cataloguer.Dong feng hong hua bing hui.Wen zi : Liu Shaoqi xiu yang bao chan dao hu shen pi hei "Xiu yang" su qing liu du pi pan du cao ; Xia kuan : Dong feng hong hua bing hui (1966.12); Yin ji : ... shu xue yuan ... bing ...Zhuang biao hou gao kuan : 122 x 66 cm
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Wild bearded capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus) select hammer tools on the basis of both stone mass and distance from the anvil
No full textContemporary optimization models suggest that animals optimize benefits of foraging and minimize its costs. For wild bearded capuchins (Sapajus libidinosus), nut-cracking entails cost related to lifting the heavy stone and striking the nut and additional cost to transport the stone if it is not already on the anvil. To assess the role of stone mass and transport distance in capuchins' tool selection, we carried out three field experiments. In Experiment 1, we investigated whether transport distance affected choice of a tool by positioning two stones of the same mass close and far from the anvil. Capuchins consistently selected the closer stone, effectively reducing transport costs. In Experiment 2, we examined the trade-off between the cost of transport and the effectiveness in cracking by positioning two stones of different mass close and far from the anvil. Most subjects significantly preferred the closer stone, regardless of mass, whereas others preferred the heavier stone regardless of transport distance. In Experiment 3, we changed transport distance of both stones while maintaining the same distance ratios as in Experiment 2. Capuchins maintained the preferences expressed in Experiment 2, with the exception of one subject. Overall, our findings indicate that (1) individuals vary in their sensitivity to distance of transport, (2) a few meters are perceived as a substantive cost by some monkeys, and (3) monkeys' body mass affects their decisions. We also developed a non-dimensional Preference index (P) defined as a function of the stone mass and the transport distance to describe monkey's choice
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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