205,671 research outputs found
Processing soybeans of different origins : response of a Chinese and a western pig breed to dietary inclusion
No full textSoybeans (Glycine max) have high nutritional value for domestic animals, due to their protein and energy contents. The feeding effects of full-fat soybeans for non-ruminant and immature ruminant animals, however, are limited by the presence of some antinutritional factors (ANFs). Therefore, processing is needed to inactivate these ANFs before the soybeans are used to feed animals. The nature and levels of ANFs may be quite variable between soybeans of different origin, and this can influence the effects of soybean processing. Thus, a similar processing procedure may result in different effects for different soybean origins.It has been reported that there are differences in the digestive capacity between pig breeds. But, it was not clear whether the responses to soybean ANFs also differ between pig breeds or genotypes.If soybeans of different origins respond differently to processing, and different pig breeds have different tolerances to dietary ANFs, it is of great importance to establish optimal processing procedures for a specific soybean origin and for a specific pig herd. The objectives of the present studies were to investigate the potential differences between soybean origins in response to heat processing, and the differences between pig breeds in response to dietary soybean treatments.In Chapter 2, the literature on ANFs of different soybean and soybean products, and on the use of full-fat soybeans in pig diets is reviewed. It is shown that the ANFs (particularly trypsin inhibitor activity, TIA) vary greatly among different soybean origins and soybean products. Literature also shows that there exists a large variation among the physiological stages of pigs in tolerating dietary soybean ANFs. The ability to tolerate soybean ANFs increases with the age of animals. Pregnant sows can tolerate higher dietary levels of raw soybeans than lactating sows.The weight and/or the size of digestive organs, and dietary nutrient digestibilities vary among breeds or genotypes of pigs according to the results from the literature (Chapter 3). For example, Chinese native pig breeds can tolerate higher levels of dietary fibre than Western pig breeds.Argentine and Chinese commercial soybeans were used for the present studies. The TIA for Argentine and Chinese soybeans were 15.2 and 20.6 mg/g, respectively. The two origins of soybeans were steam-heated under various conditions (temperature and time combinations). The heating effects on the two soybean origins were evaluated by both kinetic studies and animal trials. In kinetic studies (Chapter 4 and 5), the TIA and protein dispersibility index (PDI) of the soybeans from both Argentine and Chinese origin decreased in a logarithmic pattern with prolongation of heating time when they were heated at a given temperature. The TIA and PDI of the Chinese soybeans processed under various conditions, however, were higher than that of the Argentine soybeans processed under the same conditions.In the digestion and balance trials, it was found that the digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and fat of the diet containing raw Chinese soybeans were lower than that containing raw Argentine soybeans (Chapter 7). The CP digestibility of the Chinese soybeans heated at 100 °C/40 min., 118 °C/5 min. and 136 °C/1.5 min. was also lower compared with the Argentine soybeans heated under the corresponding conditions (Chapter 6). The highest protein biological value (PBV) and net protein utilization (NPU) were obtained at the heating condition of 100 °C/40 min. for Argentine soybeans, and 136 °C/1.5 min. for Chinese soybeans. The CP digestibility and NPU of soybeans were correlated with their TIA (R=-0.8118; PProcessing can also improve the fat digestibilities of soybeans (Chapter 6) and of the diet containing soybeans (Chapter 7). The effect of processing on the improvement of fat digestion, however, is different between Argentine and Chinese soybeans. A significant (PFeeding raw soybean diets may cause pathological changes in some organs of piglets (Chapter 7). The extent of the pathological changes varied with the soybean origin. The pigs fed the diet with raw Chinese soybeans had a heavier small intestine while pancreas weight was decreased compared to those fed the diet with raw Argentine soybeans as measured as g per kg live-weight. The light and electron microscopy examinations showed that the intestinal mucosa is more severely damaged in animals fed raw Chinese soybean diet than for those fed raw Argentine soybeans.The comparison made between different pig breeds (Landrace and Min pig) indicated that the digestibilities of dietary DM, CP and fat in Min pigs (a native pig breed in north-east China) were higher than in Landrace pigs. When the two breeds of pigs were fed on the diets containing soybeans of any origin, the small intestine of Landrace pigs, however, was longer and heavier than that of Min pigs. Histological examination also showed that the villi of the small intestinal mucosa of Landrace pigs were more seriously damaged by feeding the raw Chinese soybean diet compared with that of Min pigs.It is concluded that the ANFs, at least TIA, in soybeans vary greatly among soybean origins; Chinese soybeans have higher levels of TIA and PDI than Argentine soybeans as studied in the present experiments. TIA and PDI decrease with longer duration of heating at a given temperature in both Argentine and Chinese soybeans. The residual level of TIA and PDI in the processed Chinese soybeans are higher than that of the Argentine soybeans processed under the same conditions (except at the extreme heating conditions). The best improvement of N and fat digestibilities and net protein utilization (NPU) is obtained at the heating condition of low temperature/long time (100 °C/40 min.) for Argentine soybeans and high temperature/short time (136 °C/1.5 min.) for Chinese soybeans. With respect to intestinal enlargement and histological examination, raw soybean diet can have a more deleterious influence on Landrace than on Min pigs. Thus, soybean heat processing is more important for the Landrace than for the Min pigs when the soybeans are to be used in the diets of these animals
Radicafurcus Qin & Zhang
No full textRadicafurcus Qin & Zhang, gen. nov. Type species. Radicafurcus breviprocessus Qin & Zhang, sp. n., here designed. Description. Body small, depressed, and brown. Head broader than pronotum (Fig. 1). Vertex long, anterior margin distinctly produced medially, in profile regularly curving into convex and slightly elongated face (Fig. 2), coronal suture long and distinct (Fig. 1). Fore wing broadened in apical third, all apical veins arise from longitudinal m cell, 3 rd apical cell stalked, veins RP and MP’ nearly parallel (Fig. 3). Hind wing with very small area borded by re-emerging AA and AP’ veins; vein CuA unbranched apically (Fig. 4). Abdodminal apodemes developed and parallel sided (Fig. 14). Male pygofer short and wide, narrowing caudad (Figs. 5, 6), laterocaudal margin of pygofer lobe truncated accompanied by row of rigid microsetae terminally; ventral appendage absent (Figs. 5, 6); dorsal bridge long but less sclerotized in middle dorsocaudad (Fig. 6). Subgenital plate longer than pygofer side, broad at base, setae of basal group undifferentiated, lateral macrosetae not numerous, arranged in single row and reaching apex of plate (Figs. 5, 7, 13). Paramere slim, caudal part strongly narrowing and curved, subapex bearing small dentifer and few setae (Figs. 7, 12). Connective lamellate (Fig. 7). Aedeagus broad at base, with asymmetrical unpaired ventral process arising subbasally, shaft tubular, preatrium very short, without dorsal apodeme, gonopore subapical at left side (Figs. 8-10). Anal tube process short and broad (Figs. 5, 11). Etymology. The name alludes to the ventrobasal bifurcation of the aedeagus. Gender: masculine. Remarks. The new genus is similar to Ifuaria Dworakowska, 1994 in having 3 apical veins in fore wing arising from cell m, the 3 rd apical cell stalked, veins RP and MP’ nearly parallel; the abdodminal apodemes parallel sided; the ventral pygofer appendage absent, and the lateral macrosetae of the subgenital plate arranged in a single row. However, the new genus differs from the latter in having fore wing cell c narrower than cell r (c cell broader than r cell in Ifuaria), the laterocaudal margin of the pygofer lobe truncated (angulately produced in Ifuaria); the subgenital plate lacking macrosetae in the basal group (with macrosetae in basal group in Ifuaria), the aedeagus not fused with the base of the connective (fused in Ifuaria), and in having cell aa in the hind wing apparently smaller than that of Ifuaria. The new genus is similar to Chlorita Fieber in Chinese empoascine fauna by using the key of Qin & Zhang (2008). It differs from Chlorita by the body is slim and depressed (borad in Chlorita), by the fore wing with all apical veins arise from longitudinal m cell, 3 rd apical cell stalked (in Chlorita veins RP and MP’ arise in r cell and only MP”+CuA’ in m cell, 3 rd apical cell not stalked), by the anal tube process short and broad (anal tube process much longer in Chlorita).Published as part of Qin, Dao-Zheng, Liu, Yang & Zhang, Ya-Lin, 2010, A taxonomic study of Chinese Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) (I), pp. 52-60 in Zootaxa 2481 on page 53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19542
Figure 2 from: Qin Y, Chen H, Deng Z, Liu Y (2021) Aphyllorchis yachangensis (Orchidaceae), a new holomycotrophic orchid from China. PhytoKeys 179: 91-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.179.63994
No full textFigure 2 Aphyllorchis yachangensis (an individual with dark colors in the same environment with Ying Qin et al. QY20190719001) A flowering habit B bud C flower in back view D flower in front view. Photographed by Ying Qin from Ying Qin et al. QYYC20200703009 (paratype: IBK!)
Responsabilità e tutela dei Patrimoni Immateriali dell’Umanità UNESCO - Il caso della cetra cinese qin 琴
No full textLa cetra qin, oggi comunemente denominata guqin 古琴(antica cetra), è
uno degli strumenti musicali più rappresentativi all’interno della storia della
musica cinese tradizionale. Nel corso dei secoli la cetra
qin ha infatti intrapreso un percorso evolutivo autonomo, svincolato dai contesti
musicali convenzionali, acquisendo così uno status distinto e ineguagliato
da qualunque altro strumento tradizionale. La lunga parabola della
fortuna del qin ha tuttavia conosciuto una fase discendente nel corso del XX
secolo in cui l’erudizione millenaria legata a questo strumento è stata seriamente
messa a repentaglio. Tra gli anni Ottanta e Novanta del secolo appena
trascorso si sono potuti intravedere dei timidi segnali di ripresa che tuttavia
non hanno stimolato particolare interesse. Un vero e proprio punto di svolta
si verifica invece il 3 novembre 2003 quando la cetra qin e la sua musica
vengono proclamati dall’UNESCO “Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity”. Tale proclamazione
ha suscitato immediatamente una vasta eco nazionale e internazionale, riportando
alla ribalta uno strumento musicale pressoché caduto nell’oblio. Questo articolo intende esaminare come sia mutata la situazione
dal 2003 a oggi, evidenziando gli esiti che tale proclamazione ha avuto sulla
condizione attuale di questo strumento musicale
Neobelocera hanyinensis Qin & Yuan 1998
No full textNeobelocera hanyinensis Qin & Yuan, 1998 Neobelocera hanyinensis Qin and Yuan, 1998: 168, Fig. 1, A–G; Ding, 2006: 198, Fig. 99, A–G. Description. The descriptions are reproduced from Qin and Yuan (1998). “Length of body 2.40 mm (male), 3.40 mm (female); including forewing 4.10 mm (male), 5.60 mm (female); tegmen length 3.80 mm (male), 4.90 mm (female).” Coloration. “Vertex, pronotum with the areas between lateral carina, and mesonotum dirty yellowish brown, except all carinae pale yellowish brown, bordered with blackish brown, pronotum with lateral areas brown. Frons and clypeus dirty yellowish brown, with carinae pale yellowish brown, bordered with blackish brown. Genae pale blackish brown, with 3 small pale spots. Eyes blackish brown, ocelli reddish brown. Antennae with first segment blackish brown, lateral margin and median part with longitudinal yellowish brown stripe, respectively, second segment dirty yellowish brown, with an obliquely dark brown stripe from base of outer margin to middle of inner margin. Thorax with ventral areas dark brown. Legs dirty yellowish brown, with dark brown small markings. Forewing pale yellowish white, speckled with dark brown markings, in dark portion veins bear white spots.” Head and Thorax. “Head including eyes wider than pronotum (1.14: 1). Vertex wider at base than long submedially about 2.3: 1. Frons longer in middle line than wide at widest part about 1.8: 1. Antennae with first segment shorter than second segment about 0.33: 1. Pronotum equal to vertex submedially. Mesonotum longer than pronotum and vertex combined (1.70: 1).” Male Genitalia. “Male anal segment (Qin & Yuan 1998: Figs 1: C) short, ring-like, without process. Pygofer in caudal view (Qin & Yuan 1998: Figs 1: D) with opening larger in length than width, in profile posterior margin convex caudad. Aedeagus (Qin & Yuan 1998: Figs 1: C, E) slender, long, laterally compressed, suddenly narrowing at apical 2 / 5, apex curved anteriorly, then directed ventrad, spine-like. Genital styles (Qin & Yuan 1998: Figs 1: C, F, G) large, asymmetrical, left one with 3 and right one with 5 processes at dorsal margin separately.” Host Plant. Unknown. Distribution. China (Shaanxi: Hanyin).Published as part of Hou, Xiao-Hui & Chen, Xiang-Sheng, 2010, Review of the Oriental bamboo delphacid genus Neobelocera Ding & Ya n g (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) with the description of one new species, pp. 39-50 in Zootaxa 2387 on page 44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27583
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cremanthodium lingulatum (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) is merged with C. pseudooblongatum
No full textWang, Long, Ren, Chen, Yang, Qin-Er (2017): Cremanthodium lingulatum (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) is merged with C. pseudooblongatum. Phytotaxa 311 (1): 57-66, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.311.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.311.1.
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Figure 1 from: Qin Y, Chen H, Deng Z, Liu Y (2021) Aphyllorchis yachangensis (Orchidaceae), a new holomycotrophic orchid from China. PhytoKeys 179: 91-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.179.63994
No full textFigure 1 Aphyllorchis yachangensisA flowering habit B inflorescence C bract D flower in side view E flower in front view F column in top view G column in ventral view H lip, dorsal sepal, lateral sepals, petals, column and ovary I column in side view J lip in side view K lip in top view L pollinaria M anther cap in top view N rhizome and roots. Photographed by Ying Qin from Ying Qin et al. QY20190719001 (holotype: IBK!)
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