1,721,539 research outputs found
Image_1_Effects of Qi-Fu-Yin on aging of APP/PS1 transgenic mice by regulating the intestinal microbiome.tif
No full textIntroductionAlzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia and closely related to aging. Qi-Fu-Yin is widely used to treat dementia, but its anti-aging effects is unknown.MethodsWe used 11-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice for behavioral tests to observe the changes in cognitive function and age-related symptoms after Qi-Fu-Yin treatment. Fecal samples were collected for 16sRNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. Differences among the groups of intestinal microbiota and the associations with aging and intestinal microbiota were analyzed based on the results.ResultsHere we found that Qi-Fu-Yin improved the ability of motor coordination, raised survival rate and prolonged the survival days under cold stress stimulation in aged APP/ PS1 transgenic mice. Our data from 16sRNA and metagenomic sequencing showed that at the Family level, the intestinal microbiota was significantly different among wild-type mice, APP/PS1 transgenic mice and the Qi-Fu-Yin group by PCA analysis. Importantly, Qi-Fu-Yin improved the functional diversity of the major KEGG pathways, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and major virulence factors in the intestinal flora of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Among them, the functions of eight carbohydrate-active enzymes (GT2_Glycos_transf_2, GT4, GT41, GH2, CE1, CE10, CE3, and GH24) and the functions of top three virulence factors (defensive virulence factors, offensive virulence factors and nonspecific virulence factors) were significantly and positively correlated with the level of grasping ability. We further indicated that the Qi-Fu-Yin significantly reduced the plasma levels of IL-6.ConclusionOur results indicated that the effects of Qi-Fu-Yin anti-aging of APP/PS1 transgenic mice might be through the regulation of intestinal flora diversity, species richness and the function of major active enzymes.</p
Table_1_Effects of Qi-Fu-Yin on aging of APP/PS1 transgenic mice by regulating the intestinal microbiome.xlsx
No full textIntroductionAlzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia and closely related to aging. Qi-Fu-Yin is widely used to treat dementia, but its anti-aging effects is unknown.MethodsWe used 11-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice for behavioral tests to observe the changes in cognitive function and age-related symptoms after Qi-Fu-Yin treatment. Fecal samples were collected for 16sRNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. Differences among the groups of intestinal microbiota and the associations with aging and intestinal microbiota were analyzed based on the results.ResultsHere we found that Qi-Fu-Yin improved the ability of motor coordination, raised survival rate and prolonged the survival days under cold stress stimulation in aged APP/ PS1 transgenic mice. Our data from 16sRNA and metagenomic sequencing showed that at the Family level, the intestinal microbiota was significantly different among wild-type mice, APP/PS1 transgenic mice and the Qi-Fu-Yin group by PCA analysis. Importantly, Qi-Fu-Yin improved the functional diversity of the major KEGG pathways, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and major virulence factors in the intestinal flora of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Among them, the functions of eight carbohydrate-active enzymes (GT2_Glycos_transf_2, GT4, GT41, GH2, CE1, CE10, CE3, and GH24) and the functions of top three virulence factors (defensive virulence factors, offensive virulence factors and nonspecific virulence factors) were significantly and positively correlated with the level of grasping ability. We further indicated that the Qi-Fu-Yin significantly reduced the plasma levels of IL-6.ConclusionOur results indicated that the effects of Qi-Fu-Yin anti-aging of APP/PS1 transgenic mice might be through the regulation of intestinal flora diversity, species richness and the function of major active enzymes.</p
Network pharmacology and molecular docking to study the potential molecular mechanism of Qi Fu Yin for diabetic encephalopathy
No full textDiabetic encephalopathy is a chronic complication of diabetes that lacks an optimized treatment strategy. The present study sought to elucidate the potential molecular mechanism of Qi Fu Yin in improving diabetic encephalopathy through network pharmacology. The active components and target information of Qi Fu Yin were obtained from the TCMSP and Swiss target databases, while the target information of diabetic encephalopathy was sourced from Gene cards, OMIM, and Pharm Gkb databases. Enrichment analyses of KEGG and GO were conducted utilizing drug-disease common targets, while protein-protein interactions were predicted through the utilization of the STRING database platform. Subsequently, molecular docking was executed via Auto Dock Vina to authenticate the interaction between core components and core targets. The findings revealed that Qi Fu Yin exhibited 178 common targets with diabetic encephalopathy, and the enrichment analyses demonstrated that these targets were associated with lipid and atherosclerosis, AGE-RAGE signaling pathways, and other related pathways. The findings of the molecular docking indicated a favorable binding affinity between the active components of drug and the core targets, with EGF and quercetin exhibiting the most notable docking score. Additionally, the molecular dynamics simulation corroborated this high affinity. These results suggested that the active ingredients of Qi Fu Yin, including quercetin and kaempferol, may modulated the expression of genes such as IL10, TNF, EGF, and MMP2, thereby activating the AGE-RAGE signaling pathways and potentially serving as a therapeutic intervention for diabetic encephalopathy. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma</p
Protective Effects and Active Ingredients of Yi-Qi-Fu-Mai Sterile Powder Against Myocardial Oxidative Damage in Mice
No full textAbstract.: This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of Yi-Qi-Fu-Mai sterile powder (YQFM) on myocardial oxidative damage and tries to identify the active components responsible for its pharmacological benefits. YQFM and the n-butanol extract of YQFM (YQFM-Bu) were administered to ISO-induced myocardial injury mice. Left ventricle weight index and histopathological analyses were conducted. Serum enzymatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured. Our results demonstrated that both YQFM and YQFM-Bu significantly restored the abnormal activities of CK, LDH, MPO, SOD, and the levels of MDA in ISO-induced myocardial injury mice, and these biochemical results were further supported by histopathological data. Our in vitro findings also confirmed that both YQFM and YQFM-Bu exhibit significant radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, the major active fractions of YQFM were identified by UPLC–MS/MS. Twenty-five ginsenosides and three lignans were identified from YQFM-Bu. These findings suggested YQFM-Bu is the major active fraction of YQFM with the ginsenosides and lignans as potential active components responsible for its protective effect against myocardial injury, and YQFM exerted its beneficial effects on myocardial injury mainly through inhibiting oxidative damage and maintaining the functional integrity of myocardial tissue. Keywords:: myocardial oxidative damage, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yi-Qi-Fu-Mai sterile powder, active ingredient, cardioprotectio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Study of Transient Behavior of Water Molecules in Membrane Electrode Assembly of PEM Fuel Cells
No full text本研究以數值模擬，針對質子交換膜燃料電池內部的水傳輸現象進行理論分析，此物理模型包含陰陽極氣體擴散層、陰陽極觸媒層和質子交換膜..等五層。在質子交換膜中，只考慮電滲透效應和逆向擴散效應來控制內部水含量之暫態分佈情形，而在陰陽極觸媒層和陰陽極氣體擴散層中，僅考慮擴散效應影響該層內的氣態水濃度之暫態分佈。並把質子交換膜會因為水合的作用而造成體積發生膨脹的效應考慮進數學模型中，使得整個數學模型更加接近實際情況，及利用不同的操作條件，來探討各層內水濃度在暫態和穩態時的分佈情況。
研究結果顯示，當陰陽極入口氣態水相對加濕量不足時，不但會造成各層水濃度下降，還會使得各層達穩態的時間拉長。當使用孔隙度較大的氣體擴散層，可以防止薄膜靠陽極側乾化，薄膜靠陰極側淹水，並可把各層達穩態的時間縮短。而若把薄膜厚度減小，會讓薄膜內部水含量更加均勻，也可讓各層達穩態的時間減短。另外，若要降低薄膜內電阻值和薄膜相電位，可以朝著增加陰陽極入口氣態水相對加濕量、提高氣體擴散層的孔隙度和減少薄膜厚度的方向進行。就薄膜膨脹部份而言，可以發現到，當薄膜的整體厚度膨脹比率相同時，在不同的操作電流密度下，其薄膜內水含量會有不同的分佈，此易造成薄膜膨脹不均勻現象。若薄膜的整體厚度膨脹比率過大，則薄膜靠陰極側之水含量會超過16.8，此表示薄膜靠陰極側有大量水產生，形成淹水現象。若考慮薄膜有無膨脹對燃料電池達穩態時間影響，可以發現到，薄膜有膨脹時達穩態的時間較無膨脹時還要多。The behaviors of the water transport in the proton exchange membrane fuel cells are considered by numerical simulation in this study. The mathematical model includes the gas diffusion layers of the anode and cathode, the catalyst layers of the anode and cathode, and the membrane. The water content distribution in the membrane based on the diffusion of water and electro-osmotic water drag is taken into account. The water concentration distributions in the gas diffusion layers and catalyst layers are only considered the diffusion of water. The volume of membrane is assumed to be changing with the variation of hydration, and this hypothesis can make this model much approach the reality. By using different operational conditions, the water transport transient behaviors are investigated.
Results from the model show that when the water concentrations of relative humidification are insufficient, the water concentration in each layer reduces and the time needed to reach steady state is longer. By using the larger porosity of the gas diffusion layer, it can effectively prevent the anode side of the membrane from being dry, the cathode side of the membrane from flooding. When the thickness of the membrane is thinner, the water content in the membrane is more uniform and higher, and the time needed to reach stable is shorter. Furthermore, increasing the water concentrations of relative humidification, raising the porosity of the gas diffusion layer, and lessening the thickness of the membrane can make membrane resistance and membrane overvoltage lower. From aspect of swell of the membrane, the water content of the membrane has difference distribution at difference operational current densities in the same membrane expansion coefficient, and this phenomenon will not bring about expansion identically in the membrane. If membrane expansion coefficient is so large, that value of water content at the cathode side of the membrane is higher than 16.8, and this means that the situation of the flooding at the cathode side of the membrane will be occurred. The time needed to reach stable when the membrane is expansive is longer than it when the membrane is not expansive.目 錄
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
符號說明 xv
一、緒論 1
1.1燃料電池發展歷史與簡介 1
1.2 燃料電池的基本原理與構造 2
1.3 燃料電池的種類 2
1.3.1 液態電解質燃料電池 2
1.3.2 固態電解質燃料電池 4
1.4 燃料電池的極化性能曲線 6
1.5 文獻回顧 8
1.6 本文探討主題 13
二、理論分析 17
2.1 基本假設 17
2.2 統御方程式 17
2.2.1 薄膜內之水傳輸方程式 18
2.2.2 氣體擴散層內的水傳輸方程式 20
2.2.3 觸媒層內的水傳輸方程式 21
2.2.4薄膜內電阻及薄膜相電位 22
2.3 邊界條件 23
2.4 初始條件 25
三、數值方法 27
3.1 有限差分法 27
3.2 統御方程式之差分法 29
3.3 穩態條件 29
3.4 格點測試 30
四、穩態情況下之結果與討論 35
4.1 各層水濃度之穩態分析 35
4.2 薄膜內電阻之分析 52
4.3 薄膜相電位之分析 53
五、暫態情況下之結果與討論 60
5.1 各層水濃度之暫態分析 60
5.2 各層水濃度達穩態之時間分析 75
六、結論與建議 83
6.1 結論 83
6.2 建議 85
參考文獻 8
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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