46 research outputs found
Study of Pakistan pilot project farmer-leaders to Nepal
No full textFarmer participation / Irrigation management / Farmer managed irrigation systems / Irrigated farming / Sustainable agriculture / Institution building / Pakistan
Foreign Capital Inflows and Domestic Savings in Pakistan: Cointegration Techniques and Error Correction Modelling
No full textThe various form of inflow of foreign capital (loans, FDI, grant and portfolio) was welcome in developing countries to bridge the gap between domestic saving and domestic investment and therefore, to accelerate growth [Chenery and Strout (1966)]. Some other have been challenged the traditional view that foreign aid impedes domestic savings growth and mobilisation and have economic growth.1 Much attention have been paid in past 30 years, relationship between foreign capital flows and domestic saving, the main purpose of these studies have been determined whether in less developed countries foreign capital inflow and domestic saving are complementary or substitute. However, there is a controversy at theoretical and empirical levels, over the effects of foreign capital on both economic growth and national saving. A number of studies in Pakistan have been conducted during the early 1990s to examine the relationship between saving and foreign capital inflow.2 All studies shows the inverse relationship between foreign capital inflows3 (aggregate level) and saving rate, but the impact of FCI at disaggregate levels (loans, grants, FDI) on saving rate show different magnitude and signs, similarly impact of FCI on decomposition of saving rate (Public, private, household, corporate) also have different magnitude and sign. However, the most important problem associated with previous studies is that these are based on the assumption that the time series data that are being used are stationary.
Whites and Browns: A Contrastive Study of Metadiscourse in English Newspaper Editorials
No full textMetadiscourse is an interesting field of inquiry that is believed to play a vital role in organizing and producing persuasive writing. It is a set of linguistic devices used to communicate attitudes and mark the structural properties of a text. The study aimed to investigate whether native and non-native varieties of English varieties are similar or different from each other from the perspective of interactional meta-discourse markers. The study as contrastive rhetoric research scrutinized a corpus of 900 newspaper editorials (450 written in native English newspapers and 450 written in non-native English newspapers). Editorials were culled from 15 native English newspapers belonging to three native English countries, England, America, and New Zealand, and 15 non-native English newspapers belonging to three non-native English countries, Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka. Based on the model of metadiscourse given by Hyland (2005), interactional metadiscourse resources were analyzed. The frequencies of interactional metadiscourse markers in both native and non-native varieties were counted and compared with each other. The results disclosed that there were worth-pointing differences between the native and non-native English editorialists in the use of interactional metadiscourse markers. Two different varieties of English editorials showed variations particularly in the use of hedging and self-mention markers. On the whole, findings suggested that the use of interactional metadiscourse markers in native English editorials were more frequent than those in non-native English editorials which made their writings more appealing and convincing context.Keywords: metadiscourse; native; non-native; newspaper; editorial
A Cross-linguistic Study of Metadiscourse in English and Urdu Newspaper Editorials
No full textMetadiscourse markers are linguistic expressions which help the writers to organize their
discourses. The original impetus for the research study came from the need to explore similarities
and differences among the use and distribution of metadiscourse markers between two different
languages, English and Urdu, within a single genre. To this end, the study as cross-linguistic
research scrutinized a corpus of 100 newspaper editorials (50 taken from English newspapers and
50 from Urdu newspapers) written in Pakistan. Editorials were culled electronically from 5 English
newspaper websites and 5 Urdu newspaper websites. To mitigate the diachronic effects on the
selected sample, only editorials published in the first four months of 2020 (January, February,
March, and April) were included in the corpora. Based on the model of metadiscourse markers
given by Hyland (2005), both interactive and interactional categories of the model were analyzed.
Frequencies of metadiscourse markers in both English and Urdu were counted through AntConc
3.5.7. They were compared and contrasted quantitatively and manually. The results disclosed that
there were worth-pointing differences between the two groups. Two different languages showed
variations among different subcategories of interactive and interactional metadiscourse resources.
On the whole, findings suggested that the use of interactional metadiscourse was a predominant
category and attitude marker was a predominant feature in both the groups. Analysis of differences
that meta-discourse tools can encounter in the process of translating from English to Urdu or even
other languages maybe another and very interesting field of inquiry
Capparis decidua Edgew (Forssk.) Stem Extract Alleviates the Water Stress Perturbations in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Early Growth Stage
No full textWater shortage is one of the major limiting factors of crop productivity worldwide. This study was planned to explore the impact of Capparis decidua stem extract on wheat varieties (FSD-2008, 12066 and 13348) under water stress condition. Water deficit condition negatively impacted the seedling germination, growth, photosynthetic pigments and ions uptake capacity. Water limited condition significantly (p≤0.05) increased time to attain 50% germination, lipid peroxidation, H2O2 and enhanced the antioxidant mechanism to overcome the oxidative stress. Different concentrations of C. decidua extract i.e. Not Soaking (NS), 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% were used for seed priming. It improved the negative effects of water stress and amended plant germination and growth by enhancing photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging mechanism. The 20% and 30% C. decidua stem extract remained effective in mitigating the induced water stress effects in the tested cultivars. It was found that C. decidua stem extract significantly (p≤0.05) improved germination, growth Mg+2 and Fe+2 uptake in the wheat varieties under study. It is concluded that C. decidua phytoextract is an influential agent to ameliorate water stress effects in wheat at early growth stage
The Development of Pregnancy and Human Embryo in The Light of Islam: A Research and Analytical Review
No full text<p>Allah Almighty created human beings directly through His creative process and after that He Himself placed the power of penis in this human being so that human beings can be born from his sperm in the same way. One of the wonders was that by collecting the material of the earth and by a creative order he created that life and that consciousness and intellect in it. From which an amazing creature like a human being came into being and the other miracle is that such a wonderful machine was placed inside the human structure for the birth of more human beings in the future. The mind is stunned to see its composition and performance. The sperm of a man is transferred to the womb of a woman by the union of a husband and a wife. Has the potential to become human. But men and women are unaware of this and have no choice as to which of them will be able to get the chance to meet the ovum. This is the decision of the wise and noble caste who has the power to sort out all of them and give one the opportunity to meet the ovum at a particular time.</p>
Capparis decidua Edgew (Forssk.) Stem Extract Alleviates the Water Stress Perturbations in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Early Growth Stage
No full textWater shortage is one of the major limiting factors of crop productivity worldwide. This study was planned to explore the impact of Capparis decidua stem extract on wheat varieties (FSD-2008, 12066 and 13348) under water stress condition. Water deficit condition negatively impacted the seedling germination, growth, photosynthetic pigments and ions uptake capacity. Water limited condition significantly (p≤0.05) increased time to attain 50% germination, lipid peroxidation, H2O2 and enhanced the antioxidant mechanism to overcome the oxidative stress. Different concentrations of C. decidua extract i.e. Not Soaking (NS), 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% were used for seed priming. It improved the negative effects of water stress and amended plant germination and growth by enhancing photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging mechanism. The 20% and 30% C. decidua stem extract remained effective in mitigating the induced water stress effects in the tested cultivars. It was found that C. decidua stem extract significantly (p≤0.05) improved germination, growth Mg+2 and Fe+2 uptake in the wheat varieties under study. It is concluded that C. decidua phytoextract is an influential agent to ameliorate water stress effects in wheat at early growth stage
مسعود مفتی کے افسانوں میں معاشرتی حقیقت نگاری کا تحقیقی و تنقیدی مطالعہ
No full textThis research paper offers a comprehensive examination and critical analysis of social realism in the fiction of Masood Mufti. Masood Mufti, a renowned author known for his impactful literary works, has consistently incorporated social realism as a prominent theme in his writings. The study aims to explore the various dimensions of social realism within his fictional narratives, shedding light on the socio-political issues, economic disparities, and cultural intricacies prevalent in the society depicted in Mufti's works.The research adopts a multidimensional approach, considering the historical context, author's background, and the literary techniques employed by Mufti to effectively portray social realism. The paper also discusses the socio-cultural impact of Mufti's social realism, exploring how his work reflects the struggles, aspirations, and challenges faced by marginalized sections of society. Furthermore, it analyzes the effectiveness of Mufti's storytelling in engaging readers and fostering social consciousness. Through a critical lens, the study highlights the literary merits and potential limitations of Mufti's social realism, considering its relevance in contemporary literary discourse.In conclusion, this research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of social realism in the fiction of Masood Mufti.
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The Shi'a Muslims of the United Provinces of India, c 1890-1940
No full textThis dissertation examines religious, social and political change among the Shia
Muslims of the United Provinces of colonial India, c. 1890-1940. Focusing especially,
upon the towns of Lucknow and Amroha but discussing the region as a whole, it traces
the formation of a community identity among Shia Muslims, and questions how
disparate Shi'a populations were able to construct a consciousness of solidarity. The
dissertation is based on a combination of archival and printed sources in English and
Urdu.
The first chapter assesses processes of sectarian organisation and the formation of a
number of Shia institutions and societies in Lucknow in the thirty year period from
1890, including several madrasas and the All India Shi'a Conference. The second chapter
examines manifestations of religious renewal among Indian Shi'as. Forms of religious
proselytisation are discussed, particularly the contribution of the printing press and the
changing role of preaching. The development of religious conflict is outlined, through
examinations of religious debates and the reformation of Muharram rites.
A third chapter examines Shia responses to the so-called '`Aligarh movement',
considering reactions to educational reform and the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental
College at `Aligarh. A fourth chapter discusses Shia responses to the campaigns of jihad
and pan-Islamism current among many Muslims in the early twentieth century. Together,
these two chapters demonstrate the expansion and politicisation of sectarian differences,
and the attempts by some Shi'as to organise separately from wider Muslim institutions.
The final chapter assesses a series of Shi'a-Sunni conflicts in Lucknow in the 1930s. It
examines some of the contributory factors and discusses the conflicts in the light of the
processes of sectarian organisation discussed in earlier chapters. The conclusion
evaluates the implications of the thesis for our understanding of Indian Shia Muslims
and, more generally, of sectarian identities and conflicts in Indian Islam
