811 research outputs found
Susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae O139 to antibody-dependent, complement-mediated bacteriolysis
No full textAttridge, Stephen R. ; Qadri, Firdausi ; Albert, M. John ; Manning, Paul
Sensitive microplate assay for detection of bactericidal antibodies to Vibrio cholerae O139
No full textAttridge, Stephen R. ; Johansson, Camilla ; Trach, Dang D. ; Qadri, Firdausi ; Svennerholm, Ann-Mar
Detection of antibodies to toxin-coregulated pili in sera from cholera patients
No full textStephen R. Attridge, Gun Wallerström, Firdausi Qadri and Ann-Mari Svennerhol
HopkinsIDD/cholera-systems-serology: version 1.0
No full textFirst release of code and data to reproduce analyses for the manuscript "A systems serology analysis of correlates of protection against cholera" by Kirsten E. Wiens, Anita S. Iyer, Taufiqur R. Bhuiyan, Lenette L. Lu, Deniz Cizmeci, Matthew J. Gorman, Dansu Yuan, Rachel L. Becker, Edward T. Ryan, Stephen B. Calderwood, Regina C. LaRocque, Fahima Chowdhury, Ashraful I. Khan, Myron M. Levine, Wilbur H. Chen, Richelle C. Charles, Andrew S. Azman, Firdausi Qadri, Galit Alter, Jason B. Harris
Strategies for control of cholera using vaccines and other prophylactic measures
No full textIn resource-limited settings, cholera remains a major public health concern and outbreaks following natural and human-made disasters underscore the overall global health threat posed by cholera. Vibrio cholerae, mainly serogroup O1, causes around 4 million cholera cases and 143,000 deaths annually in the world whereas in Bangladesh, the annual estimated annual cholera cases are ~300,000 and 4500 deaths. In the early 1990s a new serogroup of Vibrio cholerae, O139, was found to cause large outbreaks but was not being detected in cases since 2015. In cholera-endemic areas, seasonal peaks occur twice a year with further surges occurring during natural disasters, including floods or cyclones and humanitarian crises. All age groups are usually affected by cholera but case fatality is higher in children. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is the major component in the treatment but this measure does not lessen disease occurrence. Vaccination against V. cholerae O1 can protect from the disease and is a vital community health tool for the prevention and control of cholera.
The World Health Organization (WHO) approves oral cholera vaccine (OCV) as part of a multisectoral cholera control plan, both in cholera-endemic countries, in epidemic situations, and also in outbreaks. The endorsed WHO-prequalified OCVs are in short supply and also major vaccine producers are stopping supplies. We have conducted clinical trials of two separate locally produced OCVs; one is a formalin-killed whole-cell (WC) vaccine, ‘Cholvax’, and the other a formaldehyde-inactivated single WC strain Hikojima MS1568 vaccine, 'Hillchol’.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School of Pharmacy & Med SciGriffith HealthFull Tex
New definitions and applications of year-based h-indices
No full textAbstract: In this contribution we extend the notion of year-based h-indices and the corresponding h-cores. Real-life examples using the career of the Bangladeshi scientist Firdausi Qadri are provided. Moreover, year-based h-indices of h-indices are calculated for all Bangladeshi publications
Towards elimination of cholera in Bangladesh by 2030
No full textCholera, an epidemic-prone diarrhoeal disease, is considered a major public health problem, particularly in low and middle-income countries in Asia and Africa. The global burden of cholera remains high, with an estimated 2.9 million cases and 100,000 deaths annually. The establishment of surveillance systems is an important tool to detect hotspots and monitor the impact of the interventions in order to implement plans for elimination of cholera. Nationwide cholera surveillance in Bangladesh has been carried out by collaborative efforts between the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) and the Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control And Research (IEDCR) since 2014. Vibrio cholerae was confirmed in ~6% of suspected cases by microbiological culture. It was found that the risk of cholera was higher among suspected cases aged 5-45 years compared to those <5 years of age. In addition, seasonality, profession, level of education, and a history of diarrhoea among neighbours were found to be risk factors for cholera. The displaced Rohingya people, termed as "Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals" (FDMNs), fled to Cox's Bazar, south east of Bangladesh due to their internal conflict in late 2017. A total of 11 sentinel surveillance sites were established around the makeshift camps. The proportion of V. cholerae positivity was 0.7% and 1.2% among the FDMNs and host community respectively. Vaccination is one of the important public health tools to combat epidemics of cholera. Vaccine co-administration has numerous advantages, such as a reduction in delivery costs and likely a reduction in the number of visits in routine immunisation schedules. An open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial was conducted in Dhaka city, Bangladesh to examine the safety and immunogenicity of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) and bivalent oral poliovirus vaccines (bOPV) co-administration. The trial revealed that co-administration of bOPV and OCV is safe and immunogenic in children aged 1-3 years, which should be considered by policymakers. The Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) has launched a strategy, entitled 'Ending Cholera: A Global Roadmap to 2030', with the ambitious goal of reducing mortality by 90% and eliminating cholera in 20 countries. It is understood that vaccination alone will not lead to elimination and that a multi-sectorial approach is required. Therefore, the national governments of these cholera-prone countries, along with their technical partners, and local donors need to use the best available evidence in a strategic and coordinated way at national, regional, and local levels to achieve this 2030 target. The package should include rapid diagnostics, real-time reporting, prompt home treatment of mild to moderate cases, and referral to local hospitals for severe cases. Different tiers of developing countries should have different control strategies based upon the endemicity and risk of disease. A blueprint for this control plan will be a helpful guide to consider the specific implementation plans.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School of Pharmacy & Med SciGriffith HealthFull Tex
Study of patients with acute typhoid fever, asymptomatic carriers and vaccinees: analysis of risk factors, disease burden and induced immune responses
No full textSalmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi) is the causative agent of typhoid fever, a serious public health concern in resource-poor countries. Numerous data gaps exist concerning the epidemiology of S. Typhi. The burden of S. Typhi shedding in stool and its contribution to transmission are also unknown in endemic settings. To prevent transmission of the organism in the community and to develop effective preventive strategies, it is necessary to learn about the risk factors associated with typhoid fever and to generate evidence about the effectiveness of available vaccines against clinical typhoid in such settings. The main aim of this research was to measure the prevalence of asymptomatic typhoid carriers in an urban area of Dhaka city, Bangladesh, and antibody responses induced after vaccination with the WHO-prequalified Vi-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (Vi-TT) in children aged 9 months to <16 years. The burden of typhoid fever, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolated S. Typhi from enrolled patients, and the risk factors of typhoid fever were also determined in this dissertation. [...]Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School of Pharmacy & Med SciGriffith HealthFull Tex
Toxin profile of ETEC strains isolated from diarrheal patients in Bangladesh during two study periods.
No full text<p>*: Qadri <i>et.al</i> 2000.</p><p>NS: Not significant.</p
Toward Typhoid Fever Elimination
No full textSalmonella enterica serotype Typhi ( S Typhi) causes typhoid fever and is responsible for an estimated 9 million cases and 110,000 deaths globally per annum. Typhoid fever is endemic in areas where water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) infrastructure is poor. Serious complications develop in approximately 10%-15% of patients if left untreated, and this is driven by inadequate diagnostic methods and the high burden of antibiotic-resistant strains, complicating clinical management and ultimately prognosis. Asymptomatic chronic carriers, in addition to acutely infected patients, contribute to continued transmission through the shedding of the organism in the feces. The high morbidity and mortality of typhoid fever in low- and middle-income countries reinforce the need for an integrated control approach, which may ultimately lead to elimination of the disease in the 21 st century. Here we discuss the challenges faced in pursuit of typhoid fever elimination.Full Tex
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