1,721,047 research outputs found
Alginate: A Versatile Biopolymer for Functional Advanced Materials for Catalysis
No full textAlginates are natural polysaccharides extracted mainly from brown algae, constituted by sequences of uronic units. These renewable biopolymers, available in virtually unlimited amounts, can be subjected to different manipulations rendering tailored gel materials endowed with excellent properties for catalytic applications. This chapter collects and summarizes emerging catalytic uses of alginate materials, in their different formulations, as: (i) supports for organometallic catalysts, (ii) supports for metal ions, (iii) supports for nanoparticles, and (iv) heterogeneous Brønsted acid promoters. A broad range of chemical transformations can be promoted by these alginate-based catalytic systems, which are tolerant to different reaction media. Some of the reported examples show the importance of morphology and textural properties of the alginate materials on the catalytic activity. Their heterogeneous nature guarantees the easy recovery from the reaction mixtures, and, in some cases, their reuse in several reaction cycles
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Chitosan-functionalized porous silicon optical transducer for the detection of carboxylic acid-containing drugs in water
No full textA chitosan/porous silicon biosensing platform for the detection of carboxylic acid-containing drugs in water is prepared and characterized. Parasitic layer-free films of mesoporous silicon are electrochemically etched and functionalized by covalent attachment of chitosan oligomers. The presence of the chitosan species covering the inner and outer surface of the porous silicon films is confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption analysis. The obtained hybrid platform offers both an important porosity, with a higher surface area than the original porous silicon substrate, and an important surface charge, very suitable for sensing charged molecules. Ibuprofen is chosen as a drug model for the sensing experiments in water. Optical interferometry measurements are performed on the chitosan/porous silicon substrate exposed to ibuprofen solutions of various concentrations, and compared to the same experiments performed on a nonfunctionalized porous silicon surface. Results of the sensing experiments show that the presence of chitosan increases the sensitivity of the sensing porous film by more than one order of magnitude compared to the nonfunctionalized porous film. Detection in water of BHB, a model molecule for illicit rape drug GHB, is also demonstrated at concentrations compatible with forensic analysis, using the chitosan/porous silicon hybrid platform
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Alginic acid aerogel: A heterogeneous Brønsted acid promoter for the direct Mannich reaction
No full textWe demonstrate that highly dispersed alginic acid aerogel beads can
function as heterogeneous promoters for Brønsted acid catalyzed
reactions. The activity displayed by alginic acid, benchmarked in
the three-component direct Mannich reaction, depended on its
morphology, with the aerogel formulation providing distinct advantages
over other forms
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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