1,720,954 research outputs found
Land use history promotes shifts in composition and increases the functional vulnerability of urban forests
Get PDFUrbanisation is rapidly transforming our world and threatening the maintenance of ecosystem functions as biodiversity and primary production. This study aimed to understand how different land-use histories affect functional composition and diversity of urban forests and how functionally vulnerable are these forests to future disturbances. We used data from nine urban forests with different land-use histories (LUH) grouped in three intensity categories with three forests in each: soil denudation (high intensity LUH), cropland (medium intensity LUH) and without land use history (low intensity LUH) and from three non-urban mature forests (control), for comparison purposes, all situated in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. We addressed two questions: (i) to what extent do urban forests with different land-use histories differ in functional composition and diversity metrics?; and (ii) how functionally vulnerable are these forests to future disturbances? The first was answered from the species categorization into functional groups and by the functional richness and dispersion indices; and the second through a resistance analysis based on functional redundancy and a resilience analysis based on species response diversity. As we predict, urban forests showed differences in functional composition, regardless of the land use history. However, negative effects on the amount and diversity of functions were only related to the more intense previous land use (cropland and denudation LUH). Only urban forests with some land use history had significant reductions in functional redundancy and species response diversity. Surprisingly, urban forests without land use history are able to maintain high levels of functional diversity and safety, similar to those found in nonurban forests. We conclude that, although urban forests can still serve as reservoirs of functional diversity and may present some safety in the provision of their functions in the face of future disturbances, the intensity of land use history is determinant for the functional reduction, homogenization and vulnerability of these urban forests.A urbanização está transformando rapidamente nosso mundo e ameaçando a manutenção das funções do ecossistema, como biodiversidade e produção primária. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender como diferentes histórias de uso da terra afetam a composição funcional e a diversidade das florestas urbanas e quão funcionalmente vulneráveis são essas florestas a futuros distúrbios. Utilizamos dados de nove florestas urbanas com diferentes históricos de uso da terra (HUT), agrupadas em três categorias de intensidade com três florestas em cada: desnudamento do solo (alta intensidade de HUT), cultivo (intensidade média de HUT) e sem histórico de uso da terra (baixa intensidade de HUT) e de três florestas maduras não urbanas (controle), para fins de comparação, todas situadas na Floresta Atlântica Brasileira. Abordamos duas questões: (i) em que medida as florestas urbanas com diferentes históricos de uso da terra diferem na composição e diversidade funcional e (ii) qual é a consequência do histórico de uso da terra na resistência e resiliência funcional das florestas urbanas? A primeira pergunta foi respondida através da categorização de espécies em grupos funcionais e pelos índices de riqueza funcional e dispersão; e a segunda através de uma análise de resistência, baseada em redundância funcional, e uma análise de resiliência, baseada na diversidade de resposta de espécies. Como prevemos, as florestas urbanas mostraram alterações na composição funcional, independente do histórico de uso. No entanto, efeitos negativos sobre a quantidade e diversidade funcional foram apenas encontrados em florestas com uso prévio da terra mais intenso (desnudamento do solo e cultivo). Apenas as florestas urbanas com histórico de uso da terra tiveram reduções significativas na redundância funcional e na diversidade de respostas das espécies. Surpreendentemente, as florestas urbanas sem histórico de uso da terra são capazes de manter altos níveis de diversidade e segurança funcional, semelhantes aos encontrados nas florestas não urbanas. Concluímos que, embora as florestas urbanas ainda possam servir como reservatórios de diversidade funcional e apresentar alguma segurança no fornecimento de suas funções diante de futuros distúrbios, a intensidade o uso prévio da terra é determinante para a redução, homogeneização e vulnerabilidade funcional dessas florestas.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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