31 research outputs found
«The mission of the russian intelligentsia» in the works of Lev Tikhomirov
No full textThis paper is devoted to the work of political activist and writer Lev Alexandrovich Tikhomirov. Considered and reviewed diaries, memoirs and journalism Tikhomirov, reflecting the two periods of his life: while promoting the ideology of the party «People’s Freedom» («Narodnaya Volya») and service to the monarchical idea. The author shows that the main factor that influenced the development of creativity Lev Tikhomirov as a populist, and the monarchical period, was the conviction of the special mission of the Russian intelligentsia in Russian history
230303_JID_3708_FilippFV_02_high_resolution.jpg
No full textSpatial cancer systems biology resolves heterotypic interactions and identifies disruption of spatial hierarchy as a pathological driver event; Author; Fabian V Filipp;
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.006;
https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.01.530706; https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2303.00933; orcid.org/0000-0001-9889-5727; https://www.jidonline.org;
Figure Legend: WNT-ligand (WNT) and cognate frizzled (FZD) receptor gene expression network in skin cutaneous melanoma
(a) Disruption of heterotypic signaling in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) RNA-Seq gene expression and differential gene expression (ΔRNA-Seq) values in reads per kilobase million between metastatic tumor (TM) and primary tumor (TP) in patient biopsies of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Heterotypic signaling in tissue development includes interactions between different cell types. In disease, such interaction networks are rewired, resulting in heterotypic interactions between cancer cells and immune or stromal components. In addition, hyperplastic malignant cells may exhibit homotypic interactions, by expressing ligand and cognate receptor on the same cell type. (b) Heterotypic cell-cell communication in tissue organization such as planar cell polarity requires interaction of a specific WNT-ligand with their cognate frizzled (FZD) receptor. The sequence identity matrix highlights evolutionary conservation between homologs. An unsupervised clustering tree in combination with multiple sequence alignments across 19 WNT and 10 FZD protein isoforms identifies molecular specificity and redundancy in the heterotypic signaling network.</p
Representation of health as a subject of psychological researches
No full textIn this article the author describes a long-term comprehensive study of various forms of social and individual health representation in a youth (student) social group. A theoretical analysis of various approaches to understanding the phenomenon of health, developed in the framework of social medicine, clinical psychology, a psychosomatic school, behavioral and cognitive areas of psychology and psychotherapy, humanistic personality theories, is carried out. Different levels of conceptualization of the health phenomenon are considered (as a socio-cultural / semantic construct and as a significant aspect of an individual self-concept). The author analyzes the theoretical foundations and scientific specifics of the Health psychology, as an independent field of psychological knowledge. The author also analyzes the results of a comprehensive study of the “internal representation of health” that was formed among junior students of natural sciences and humanities departments at the Russian State University. Specific types of the internal representation of health are revealed and described
The Time and Reasons for Fyodor Kolychev’s Retreat to the Solovetsky Monastery
No full textThe article was submitted on 09.02.2021.Рассматривается первый этап жизни митрополита Филиппа (в миру – Федора Степановича Колычева, 1566–1568). Автор сосредотачивается на изучении мотивов и обстоятельств его ухода в Соловецкий монастырь. В работе оспаривается распространенная в литературе гипотеза о том, что уход Филиппа был напрямую связан с репрессиями против Колычевых после подавления Старицкого мятежа в 1537 г. Показано, что, во-первых, непосредственно семья Степана Колычева репрессиям не подверглась, во-вторых, уход Федора на Соловки состоялся до Старицкого мятежа – в первой половине 1534 г. К этому времени он уже был зрелым по меркам Средневековья 27-летним человеком. Автор приходит к выводу о добровольности и осознанности решения Федора об уходе в монастырь. Устанавливается, что причины этого шага следует искать не в политической сфере, а исключительно в сфере религиозного сознания. К моменту пострига нереализованных политический амбиций у Филиппа не осталось. Это отличало его от Вассиана (Патрикеева) и Филарета (Романова), вынужденно принявших постриг и порой рассматривавших церковную сферу как поле для удовлетворения своего честолюбия. «Социальный капитал», которым располагал Филипп к моменту пострига, мог сыграть важную роль в его избрании в игумены Соловецкого монастыря. Его иноки нуждались в относительно молодом и энергичном настоятеле, который располагал навыками и опытом управления крупным хозяйством. 37–38-летнего Филиппа отличала приобретенная в миру хозяйственная хватка, а иных иноков из среды служилых людей в этой обители в этот период было немного. Избрание Филиппа в игумены во многом предопределило расцвет вотчины Соловецкого монастыря в 1540–1560-е гг. В основу исследования положены летописные и актовые источники, записи на книгах, а также Житие митрополита Филиппа. Их изучение ведется с применением методов источниковедческого анализа, позволяющих из отрывочных и порой разноречивых показаний источников воссоздать картину прошлого. Особое внимание уделено анализу текста жития Филиппа, давшего возможность отделить представленные в нем ценные сведения о биографии митрополита от основного текста, написанного с обильным использованием агиографической топики.This article considers the first stage of the life of Metropolitan Filipp (lay name Fyodor Stepanovich Kolychev, 1566–1568). The author focuses on the motives and circumstances of his retreat to the Solovetsky monastery. The work calls into question the widespread hypothesis according to which his joining the monastery was closely connected with the repression against the Kolychevs after the suppression of the Staritsky mutiny in 1537. The author demonstrates that, firstly, Stepan Kolychev’s family was not persecuted and, secondly, that Fyodor had gone to the Solovetsky Islands before the Staritsky mutiny took place, i. e. in the first half of 1534. By that time, he was a mature twenty-seven- year-old (by the standards of the time). The author comes to conclusion that Fyodor decided to enter the monastery consciously and voluntarily. The reasons for his decision should not be sought in the political sphere but only in the sphere of religious consciousness. By the moment of taking his monastic vows, he had no unrealised political ambitions left. This fact distinguishes him from Vassian (Patrikeev) and Filaret (Romanov), who were forced to take monastic vows and regarded the Church as the sphere where they could realise their ambitions. Fyodor’s social skills may have played a very important role in him being elected abbot of the Solovetsky monastery. The monks needed a young and active abbot who would have the skills and experience to manage a large household. At 37–38 years of age, Filipp had business acumen, and not so many monks came from the service class. The election of Filipp contributed to the flourishing of the Solovetsky monastery’s patrimony in the 1540s–1560s. The research refers to chronicles, acts, colophons, and the Life of Metropolitan Filipp. These historical sources are analysed with the help of source study methods, which make it possible to reconstruct the past from contradictory and fragmentary evidence. The author pays much attention to the analysis of Filipp’s Life and tries to distinguish valuable facts of his biography from typical hagiographic motifs
Methoden zur Beschreibung von chemischen Strukturen beliebiger Dimensionalität mit der Dichtefunktionaltheorie unter periodischen Randbedingungen
No full textDie vorliegende Arbeit ist ein Beitrag auf dem Gebiet der theoretischen Chemie und beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung effizienter Berechnungsmethoden für die Elektronendichte und die Energie des Grundzustands molekularer und periodischer Systeme im Rahmen der Kohn-Sham-Dichtefunktionaltheorie (Kohn-Sham-DFT) und unter Verwendung von lokalen Basisfunktionen. Im Vordergrund steht dabei die einheitliche Beschreibung von Molekülen und ausgedehnten Systemen beliebiger Periodizität (zum Beispiel Volumenkristalle, dünne Filme und Polymere) mit einfachen Algorithmen bei einem hohen Maß an numerischer Genauigkeit und Recheneffizienz. Dafür hat der Verfasser bewährte molekulare Simulationsmethoden in neuartiger Form auf periodische Randbedingungen erweitert und zu einer vollständigen DFT-Methode vereint. Von diesen Methoden ist das völlig neue Konzept für die RI-Methode (resolution of identity, Zerlegung der Einheit), die auf den Coulomb-Term angewendet wird, die Schlüsseltechnologie in dieser Arbeit. Ein Merkmal der Methode ist, dass sie ausschließlich im direkten Raum arbeitet. Neben der RI-Methode wurden weitere methodische Ansätze entwickelt werden, um eine gute Speicher- und Zeiteffizienz der gesamten DFT-Methode zu gewährleisten. Dazu gehören die Komprimierung der speicherintensiven Dichte- und Kohn-Sham-Matrizes und die numerische Integration des Austausch-Korrelationsterms durch die Anwendung eines adaptiven, numerischen Integrationsschemas. Die vorgestellten Methoden werden zum Prototypen eines RI-DFT-Programms zusammengefügt. Dieses Programm ermöglicht die Berechnung von single point-Energien am Gamma-Punkt für Systeme mit abgeschlossenen Schalen. Anhand von Berechnungen werden die numerische Genauigkeit und Effizienz bewertet. Das Programm bildet die Basis für ein effizientes und leistungsfähiges DFT-Programm, das Moleküle und periodische Systeme methodisch einheitlich und numerisch genau behandelt.This work contributes to the field of theoretical chemistry and is aimed at the development of efficient methods for computation of the electron density and the energy belonging to the ground state of molecular and periodic systems. It is based on the use of Kohn Sham density functional theory (Kohn Sham DFT) and local basis functions. In this scope, the molecular and the periodic systems of any dimensionality (e.g., bulk crystals, thin films, and polymers) are treated on an equal footing using methods which are easy to implement, numerically accurate, and highly efficient. For this, the author has augmented established methods of molecular simulations for their use with periodic boundary conditions applying novel techniques. These methods have been combined to a complete DFT method. Among these methods, the innovative approach for the RI (resolution of identity) method applied to the Coulomb term represents the key technology of this work. As a striking feature, this approach operates exclusively in real space. Although the RI method is the chief ingredient, the development of further methods is required to achieve overall efficiency for the consumption of storage and time. One of these methods is used to compress the density and Kohn Sham matrices. Moreover, numerical integration of the exchange-correlation term has been improved applying an adaptive numerical integration scheme. The methods presented in this thesis are combined to the prototype of an RI-DFT program. Using this program single point energies on the gamma point can be calculated for systems with closed shells. Calculations have been performed and the results are used to assess the accuracy and efficiency achieved. This program forms the foundation of an efficient and competitive DFT code. It works numerically accurate and treats molecules and periodic systems on an equal footing
Surface structure and physicomechanical properties of NiTi exposed to electron beam and ion-plasma treatment
No full textПерспективы развития праворадикального движения в Европе
No full textНа сегодняшний день праворадикальные лозунги слышатся все чаще и чаще, от туманного Альбиона до восточных границ Европы. Интерес к национальному государству постепенно возрождается, учитывая неиссякаемый поток проблем, с которыми сталкивается сегодняшняя Европа. Вопросы нации и национализма становятся одними из самых главных и значимых для многих европейских государств, в первую очередь – западных. Праворадикальные националисты занимают особое место в партийно-политическом спектре современных западноевропейских сообществ. Они принципиально отличаются от традиционных консервативных и неоконсервативных партий. Последние, даже разделяя ряд националистических постулатов, никогда не ставят под сомнение основополагающие ценности либеральной демократии. В настоящей статье автор анализирует феномен электоральной популярности праворадикальных партий в современной Европе, а также историю становления крайне правых партий как влиятельного актора политического процесса и особенности эволюции их идеологического дискурса. Кроме того, в совокупности будут приведены ключевые аспекты политических программ некоторых европейских праворадикальных партий, выявлены их сходные и различные парадигмы и аспекты.Today the right-wing slogans are heard more and more often, from Albion to the eastern borders of Europe. Interest in the nation-state is gradually being revived, given the endless stream of problems facing today's Europe. Questions of nation and nationalism are among the most important and relevant for many European countries, first of all - the Western. Right-wing nationalists have a special place in the party-political spectrum of modern Western societies. They are fundamentally different from the traditional conservative and neoconservative parties. They [neoconservative parties] even sharing a number of nationalist tenets, never questioned the fundamental values of liberal democracy. In this article the author analyzes the phenomenon of electoral popularity of radical right parties in modern Europe, as well as the history of the formation of far-right parties as an influential actor in the political process and the evolution of their ideological discourse. In addition, the aggregate will be given the key aspects of the political programs of some European right-wing parties, found their similar and different paradigms and aspects
Учение С. Н. Шпильрейн о деструкции: теоретические и психобиографические аспекты
No full textThe article contains the characteristic of the main work in S. Spielrein’s scientific heritage – “Destruction as the Cause of Coming into Being” (1912). This classic work is considered as a scientific alternative to S. Freud’s conception ofdeath instinct. Freud defined the death instinct / drive as a regression,“adesire to restore previous condition” or “the tendency to return to the in organic state”, “to rest of lifeless matter”. This is consistent with his idea of “the conservative nature of the libido”. According to S. N. Spielrein, destruction involves thedestructionof the previous condition for the emergence of a new, destruction, providing transformation, “resurrection” of the individual in a new form. S. Spielrein proposes to distinguish between two basic instincts: the instinct of self-preservation and the instinct of preservation of the species. Thefirst ofthem is simple in structure and conservative, because it aims to preserve the individual in the state ofavailablecash. The second aims to save the species by way of constants changes, regardless of the individual’s selfish desires and aspirations for sustainability. The instinct of preservation of the species has acomplex two-component structure, in which erotic attraction inseparable from destruction. Thus, this instinct has ambivalent nature and includes both negative and positive (for ego) components. S. N. Spielrein’s ideas of destruction are analyzed in the context of thedestructive events of her life. In the article the main stages of S. Spielrein’s life are described.The author discusses her contribution to the development ofpsychoanalysis. The author analyzes S. N. Spielrein’s conception of destruction as an original attempt to integrate the ideas of C. G. Jung and S. Freud on a new theoretical basis.В статье приводится характеристика центральной работы в научном наследии С. Н. Шпильрейн – «Деструкция как причина становления» (1912). Эта классическая работа одного из пионеров психоанализа рассматривается как научная альтернатива концепции З. Фрейда о влечении к смерти. З. Фрейд определял влечение к смерти как регресс, «стремление к восстановлению какого-либо прежнего состояния» или «тенденцию возврата к неорганическому состоянию», «к покою неживой материи». Это вполне соответствует его идее о «консервативной природе Либидо». Согласно С. Н. Шпильрейн, деструкция предполагает уничтожение прежнего состояния ради возникновения нового, разрушение, обеспечивающее трансформацию, «воскрешение» индивида в новой форме.
С. Шпильрейн предлагает различать два основных инстинкта: инстинкт самосохранения и инстинкт сохранения вида. Первый из них прост по структуре и консервативен, т. к. направлен на сохранение индивида в уже имеющемся наличном состоянии. Второй преследует цель сохранения рода путем постоянных изменений и новообразований, независимо от эгоистических желаний индивида и его стремления к устойчивости. Инстинкт сохранения рода имеет сложную двухкомпонентную структуру; эротическое влечение неотделимо в нем от деструкции. Таким образом, этот инстинкт амбивалентен по своей природе и включает в себя как отрицательные, так и положительные (с точки зрения Эго) компоненты.
Идеи С. Н. Шпильрейн о деструкции анализируются в контексте деструктивных событий ее жизни. В статье прослеживаются этапы жизни С. Н. Шпильрейн, обсуждается ее вклад в становление психоанализа. Автор анализирует концепцию деструкции С. Н. Шпильрейн как оригинальную попытку интегрировать идеи К. Г. Юнга и З. Фрейда на новой теоретической основе
Strategic Analysis of Gründer OÜ
No full textEesti turul on rehvide müügiga tegeletud pikaajaliselt. Gründer OÜ on tegelenud rehvide ja velgede jae- ja hulgimüügiga ligi 15 aastat. Ettevõte pakub suures valikus rehve ja velgi, kvaliteetset rehvivahetust ja velgede tasakaalustamist, erinevaid rehvitöid ning rehvide hoiustamist.
Vaatamata pikale tegevusajale pole seal varem läbi viidud analüüse, mis tooksid välja konkurendid, ettevõtte riskid, klientide vajadused ning nõudluse turul. Samuti pole hinnatud ettevõtte nõrkusi, tugevusi ja väliskeskkonnast tingitud võimalusi ning ohte. Samas on ettevõtte eesmärk olla konkurentsivõimeline, hallata suurt turuosa ja vähendada nõrkusi, ohte ning kasutada ära tugevusi ja võimalusi, mida väliskeskkond suudab pakkuda.
Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks on koostada ettevõttele Gründer OÜ strateegiline analüüs. Lähtuvalt sellest selgitatakse välja edasised tegevused konkurentsivõime säilitamiseks turul ning ettevõtte arenguvõimalused maksimaalse kasumlikkuse saavutamiseks.
Analüüside koostamiseks kasutatakse autori poolt läbiviidud intervjuu tulemusena saadud andmeid ning strateegilise analüüsi kirjeldavaid allikaid. Intervjuu toimus ettevõtte Gründer OÜ juhatajaga ning lao- ja rehvitehnikuga. Strateegilises analüüsis kasutavad meetodid on SWOT- analüüs, McKinsy maatriks, Porter 5 konkurentsijõud, Bostoni ja Ansoffi maatriks ning ettevõttega seotud riskide hindamine.
Analüüsi tulemusena selgus, et ettevõtte suurimateks tugevusteks on toodete lai valik, kvaliteetsete teenuste ja toodete pakkumine ning pikaajaline koostöö parteritega. Nõrkustena ilmnes, et puudu on kvalifitseeritud tööjõust ning turundusoskustest.
McKinsy maatriksi abil toodete ja teenuste positsioneerimise tõi välja, et paremal positsioonil on uute rehvide ja velgede müük. Kõige halvemal positsioonil on kasutatud rehvid ja veljed.
Gründer OÜ konkurentsipositsioonis võrreldes peamiste konkurentidega on kriitiliseks teguriks turundus- ja edasimüüjatevõrk. Konkurentidega võrreldes on suurimateks tugevusteks aga mitmekülgsete ja kvaliteetsete teenuste pakkumine ning arvestatav turuosa.
Ettevõtte riskide hindamisel selgus, et kõige suurem risk avaldub oskus-tööliste puudumises. Samuti on suur tõenäosus uute konkurentide tekkimiseks.
Seega arendamist väärivad valdkonnad ettevõttes on turunduskanalid, spetsialiseeritud tööjõu otsimine ja laienemine uutele turgudele. Nii suudab ettevõte areneda ja saavutada maksimaalseid eesmärke. Ettevõttesiseselt peaks regulaarselt läbi viima strateegilist analüüsi, vaid nõnda saab tervikliku ettekujutuse ettevõtte hetkeseisust ning planeerida edasisi tegevusi.In Estonian market sales of tyres has been dealt in the long-term. Gründer OÜ has been dealing with tyres and rims retail and wholesaling roughly 15 years. The company offers a wide range of tyres and rims, high quality tire change and balancing wheels, and also storage of tires.
Despite of long time in business there have never performed analyses that would point out competitors, business risks, customer needs and demand of market. Also there have never assessed weaknesses or strengths of the company and opportunities or risks of external environment. Despite of that companies purpose is to be competitive, manage a large market share and reduce weaknesses, dangers and use strengths and opportunities what external environment offers.
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to prepare strategic analyse for the company Gründer OÜ. Based on this will be identified further activities to maintain competitive ability in the market and companies development possibilities for the maximum profitability.
The results of the data, received during the interview, carried out by the author, and strategic analysis of descriptive sources have used to preform the analyses. The interview took place with the company Gründer OÜ manager and with the technician of tyre change and warehouse. Methods used in the analyse are SWOT-analyse, McKinsy matrix, Porter 5 Forces, Boston and Ansoff matrix and risks related with the business.
Result of the analysis turned out that the biggest strengths of the company are wide assortment of products, high quality service and products, and long-term cooperation with partners. Weaknesses revealed that there is lack of qualified workforce and marketing skills.
McKinsy's matrix products and services positioning brought out that in the better position are new tires and rims sale. In the worst position are used tires and rims.
Critical factor in competitive position of Gründer OÜ compared to the main competitors are marketing- and resellers network. Compared to the competitors the biggest strengths are versatile and high qualities services and significant market share.
From companies risks evaluations turned out that biggest risk manifests lack of skilled workers and also high probability of the new competitors.
Therefor worthy areas to develop are marketing channels, specialized workforce and expansion into new markets. Thus, the company is able to evolve and to achieve maximum goals. Internally, should be regularly carried out a strategic analysis of the way with a comprehensive picture of the current state of business and to plan further activities
On the Question of the Localization of Goretovaya and Gorki Kolomna Districts in the 14th Century
No full textThe article deals with the question of the location of the Kolomna districts (counties) Goretovaya and Gorky. The author doubts the possibility of finding ones on the right bank of the Oka river. The article touches upon the time of the genesis of the border along Oka river between Moscow and Ryazan principalities. The author analyzes the wills of Moscow princes and agreements between Moscow and Ryazan principalities. The author of the article examined the first capitation charter of Ivan Kalita in 1336, the second capitation charter of Ivan Kalita in 1339, two capitation charters of Ivan Ivanovich in 1359, an agreement between Moscow and Ryazan principalities in 1381 and the second capitation charter of Dmitry Ivanovich in 1389. This makes possible to come to the conclusion about the location of townships on the left bank of the Oka River. The author concludes on the location of the Gorky district (county) on the lands of the Gorskaya palace district (county) of Kolomna district. The author of the article attempts to localize the Gorskaya palace district. The author engages the sources of the 16-18th centuries (Land records - “pistsovye knigi” and maps). The territory of Gorskaya palace district (county) was mapped. Location of Goretovaya district is unknown. Goretovaya can possibly correspond to Goretov stan (county) of Kolomna district. The Goretovskoe village is mentioned in Theodosia capitation charter of 1404. Theodosia was the widow of Metropolitan Cyprian “stolnik” Filipp Nikitich. The issue of compliance of the Goretovskoye village capitation charter of 1404 and Goretovaya capitation charters of Moscow princes remains unresolved
