1,720,990 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Recommended from our members
The Southern Hemisphere Climate and Its Response to Ozone Recovery
No full textThe Southern Hemisphere climate system is changing rapidly with anthropogenic climate change. The two external forces driving these changes are the greenhouse gas emissions and the stratospheric ozone levels. Previously, the combination of stratospheric ozone depletion over Antarctica and an increase in greenhouse gas emissions led to changes in the Southern Hemisphere climate, such as a poleward shift and intensification of the westerly jet, a poleward expansion of the Hadley cell, a poleward shift of the storm tracks, an increase in sea surface temperatures, and an increase in sea ice melting. With the implementation of the Montreal Protocol, however, the stratospheric ozone is expected to recover by mid-century. As the ozone recovers, the greenhouse gas and ozone forces will oppose each other and the changes observed previously will begin to weaken or reverse. How the Southern Hemisphere climate system then responds to the ozone recovery is the goal of this thesis. This thesis investigates the changes observed in both the atmosphere and ocean, and in turn, how these global changes affect the regional and local climate, such as changes in precipitation. Understanding what drives the changes seen in local precipitation in regions prone to flooding and droughts, such as South Africa, is important for agricultural areas and farming populations throughout the world. In this thesis, a new estimate of Agulhas leakage is calculated first, using observed and simulated Lagrangian drifters and floats. Then, the Southern Hemisphere climatic response to the ozone recovery in an ocean eddy-parameterizing coupled climate model is explored next. And lastly, to determine which of the external forces is more dominant in the Southern Hemisphere climate system, the role the greenhouse gases and the ozone recovery play in the Southern Hemisphere climate system is examined using CCSM4 coupled ocean eddy-parameterized and eddy-resolving simulations.</p
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Recommended from our members
Mesoscale coupled ocean-atmosphere feedbacks in boundary current systems
Full text linkThe focus of this dissertation is on studying ocean- atmosphere (OA) interactions in the Humboldt Current System (HCS) and Kuroshio Extension (KE) region using satellite observations and the Scripps Coupled Ocean- Atmosphere Regional (SCOAR) model. Within SCOAR, a new technique is introduced by implementing an interactive 2-D spatial smoother within the SST-flux coupler to remove the mesoscale SST field felt by the atmosphere. This procedure allows large-scale SST coupling to be preserved while extinguishing the mesoscale eddy impacts on the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). This technique provides insights to spatial-scale dependence of OA coupling, and the impact of mesoscale features on both the ABL and the surface ocean. For the HCS, the use of downscaled forcing from SCOAR, as compared to NCEP Reanalysis 2, proves to be more appropriate in quantifying wind-driven upwelling indices along the coast of Peru and Chile. The difference in their wind stress distribution has significant impact on the wind-driven upwelling processes and total upwelling transport along the coast. Although upwelling induced by coastal Ekman transport dominates the wind-driven upwelling along coastal areas, Ekman pumping can account for 30% of the wind-driven upwelling in several coastal locations. Control SCOAR shows significant SST-wind stress coupling during fall and winter, while Smoothed SCOAR shows insignificant coupling throughout, indicating the important role of ocean mesoscale eddies on air-sea coupling in HCS. The SST-wind stress coupling however, did not produce any rectified response on the ocean eddies. Coupling between SST, wind speed and latent heat flux is insignificant on large-scale coupling and full coupling mode. On the other hand, coupling between these three variables are significant on the mesoscale for most of the model run, which suggests that mesoscale SST affects latent heat through direct flux anomalies as well as indirectly through stability changes on the overlying atmosphere, which affects surface wind speeds and thus latent heat flux. In the KE region, differences in the strength of coupling between the Control and Smoothed SCOAR runs indicate how the spatial scale of SST fronts affects the OA coupling via two distinct mechanisms, the vertical mixing mechanism (VMM) and the pressure adjustment mechanism (PAM). Intuitively, one might expect that the VMM would be most active on the ocean mesoscale and less significant on the large scale. Instead, the model revealed that the VMM, expressed through the coupling between downwind SST gradient and wind stress divergence, acts strongly on both the large scale and mesoscale. In contrast, coupling between crosswind SST gradients and wind stress curl is seen on the mesoscale, but extinguished over large-scale SST gradients, revealing the vital role of ocean mesoscale. For PAM, one might expect the large-scale coupling to be dominant in establishing the PAM. Instead, model results suggest that in PAM, the coupling between the Laplacian of sea level pressure and surface wind convergence are active on both the mesoscale and the large scale, though the coupling strength nearly doubles with the inclusion of ocean mesoscale. Ocean mesoscale imprints are also seen on precipitation anomalies, for which their differences are more aligned with the differences in SST gradients and surface wind convergence rather than SST anomalie
Model simulation data for climate response to anthropogenic aerosol pattern of 1970s and 2000s
No full textWe provide model data from experiments with the coupled atmosphere-ocean climate model MPI-ESM1.2 of Fiedler and Putrasahan (accepted). These are processed data files in netCDF format used for figures shown in the manuscript:
SST_change_SP-75_minus_PI.nc - mean difference in sea-surface temperatures associated with the change in the anthropogenic aerosol pattern of 1975 relative to 1850 from 200-years of model output of MPI-ESM1.2 (Figure 1c, Fiedler and Putrasahan, 2021)
SST_change_SP-05_minus_SP-75.nc - mean difference in sea-surface temperatures associated with the change in the anthropogenic aerosol pattern of 2005 relative to 1975 from 200-years of model output of MPI-ESM1.2 (Figure 1d, Fiedler and Putrasahan, 2021)
UWIND_change_SP-75-ATF_minus_PI.nc - mean difference in zonal 10m-wind component associated with the change in the anthropogenic aerosol pattern of 1975 (enhanced anthropogenic aerosol optical depth) relative to 1850 from 200-years of model output of MPI-ESM1.2 (Figure 1e, Fiedler and Putrasahan, 2021)
MSLP_change_SP-75-ATF_minus_PI.nc - mean difference in the mean sea-level pressure associated with the change in the anthropogenic aerosol pattern of 1975 (enhanced anthropogenic aerosol optical depth) relative to 1850 from 200-years of model output of MPI-ESM1.2 (Figure 1f, Fiedler and Putrasahan, 2021)
AMOC_*.nc - mean North Atlantic overturning circulation at 1000 m below the sea surface in the (*) experiments with MPI-ESM1.2 (Figure 2a-b, Fiedler and Putrasahan, 2021)
NAHT_total_*.nc - mean total northward Atlantic heat transport in the experiments with MPI-ESM1.2 (Figure 2c-e, Fiedler and Putrasahan, 2021)
NAHT_gyre_*.nc - gyre component of the mean northward Atlantic heat transport in the experiments with MPI-ESM1.2 (Figure 2c-e, Fiedler and Putrasahan, 2021)
NAHT_moc_*.nc - overturning component of the mean northward Atlantic heat transport in the experiments with MPI-ESM1.2 (Figure 2c-e, Fiedler and Putrasahan, 2021)
We further provide primary data information in Fiedler_Putrasahan_primary-data-information.txt.
The model simulations were performed and analysed on the high-performance computer mistral of DKRZ. Our research was largely funded by the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology. Refer to Fiedler and Putrasahan (2021) for further information on the data and interpretation of the results.
Reference
Fiedler, S., and Putrasahan, D.: How does the North Atlantic SST pattern respond to anthropogenic aerosols in the 1970s and 2000s? Geophys. Res. Letters, accepte
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
