1,720,967 research outputs found
The scale-dependent effectiveness of wildlife management: A case study on British deer
No full textImpacts of herbivory by wild ungulates represent a significant issue world-wide. To be effective, management of populations and impacts needs to be coordinated above the site scale, yet little research has investigated the appropriate spatial scale over which management should be integrated to be fully effective. In consideration of reduction of impacts in deciduous or mixed woodland habitats, we tested scale-specific management effectiveness in a lowland area of UK where moderateto high-density populations of four deer species were the target of deliberate control programmes, and nonhuman predators were absent. We modelled the annual impact recorded between 2009 and 2015 in 98 woodlands as a function of cumulative culls of deer taken since the commencement of management. Analysis was repeated at different spatial scales by increasing the circular area around each focal woodland, from 2.5 km-radius up to 100 km-radius. Our findings suggest for the first time the geographical scale over which deer management needs to be coordinated for optimum effectiveness in decreasing their impact on woodland across relatively homogenous landscapes. For small bodied and relatively sedentary species (roe deer Capreolus capreolus; Reeves' muntjac Muntiacus reevesi), reductions in impacts within woodlands can be achieved by culling at the immediately local level, but some modest increase in effectiveness (probably relating to reductions in the degree of source-sink movement) may be expected with an increase in spatial scale of culling to around 30-70 km-radius. For larger-bodied, herding species with more extensive home ranges (fallow deer Dama dama; red deer Cervus elaphus) management for reduction of woodland impacts was only really effective when coordinated above the single woodland-scale, with marked increases shown again up to a scale of 100 km-radius. Whilst future studies for different landscape types are still needed, our work emphasises that the spatial scale at which control plans are conducted can determine the effectiveness of wildlife management, possibly providing an advance on how to manage wildlife populations more effectively
Figure 2 in Conservation genetics of native and European-introduced Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis)
No full textFigure 2. Location of sampling sites and distribution of Hydropotes inermis in its native and introduced habitat. A, the range in the UK according to Dolman et al. (2010) is shown in blue, but please see Supporting Information, Figure S1 for a more detailed account of range expansion following records from the British Deer Society. B, the range in China and South Korea according to the IUCN Red List is shown in purple (Harris & Duckworth, 2015). Maps were produced in QGIS (v.3.12).Published as part of Putman, Rory, Dunn, Nicholas, Zhang, Endi, Chen, Min, Miquel, Christian & Savolainen, Vincent, 2021, Conservation genetics of native and European-introduced Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis), pp. 1181-1191 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (4) on page 1183, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa076, http://zenodo.org/record/530052
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The influences of evolution, habitat and social organisation upon chemical signalling in deer
No full textThis thesis investigates the influences of evolution, social organisation and habitat preference upon social communication in animals. The deer species found in Britain (red, sika, fallow, roe, muntjac and Chinese water deer) represent a wide range from the family Cervidae in terms of evolutionary status, social organisation and habitat preference. The development and use of one mode of communication, olfaction, within these species were explored by (a) the determination of the potential information available from scent gland secretions, (b) the assessment of whether conspecifics use that information and (c) the assessment of the significance of olfaction in the overall framework of social interaction.The potential information content of secretions from one or more scent glands from each species was determined by capillary gas chromatography. The use of that potential information and significance of olfaction overall was examined by behavioural studies of fallow deer.Individually unique chemical signals were found in the pre-orbital gland secretions of muntjac, Chinese water deer and red deer, in the interdigital gland secretion of roe deer and in the metatarsal gland samples from fallow and sika deer. Distinctive secretions were also detected within species for animals of a particular character or class: muntjac pre-orbital glands differed consistently by population and sex; red deer pre-orbital glands by sex and age; roe deer metatarsal glands by sex and age. Possible classification of sika deer metatarsal glands by population or sex was confounded by sample bias. No potential information whatsoever was detected in the fallow deer pre-orbital glands whilst the metatarsal glands secretions were not distinctive according to any class of animal.</p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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