1,721,111 research outputs found
Amselek Paul (dir.), Théorie du droit et science, coll. « Léviathan », 1994
No full textPutman Emmanuel. Amselek Paul (dir.), Théorie du droit et science, coll. « Léviathan », 1994. In: Droit et société, n°28, 1994. Le sang : les veines du social. pp. 729-731
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sanctions in procedural law
No full textIrrecevabilité, nullités, caducité, péremption, radiations, etc. Les sanctions procédurales sont multiples. Elles menacent les acteurs du procès civil. Si ces menaces sont certaines, leurs contours le sont moins. Le Code de procédure civile paraît offrir un droit des sanctions ordonné dans lequel leur utilisation s’opère de manière harmonieuse. Malheureusement, cette affirmation ne résiste pas à l’épreuve de la pratique. Dans la détermination et le prononcé des sanctions, des imperfections techniques se révèlent. Cette étude a tenté d’en proposer un état des lieux. Au lieu de s’employer à effacer ces imperfections, le législateur et la jurisprudence se sont contentés d’utiliser les sanctions comme autant d’outils au service de la réalisation d’objectifs de politique judiciaire. En réalité, cette politique d’instrumentalisation des sanctions cache difficilement la véritable ambition de l’auteur de la norme : la réduction du contentieux. En cela, il contredit la conception de la procédure civile entendue comme un droit servant la réalisation des droits privés. Cette méthode dénoncée, il a fallu en proposer une nouvelle, plus respectueuse de l’œuvre de justice. Pour qu’elle puisse produire pleinement ses effets, il fallait l’accompagner d’une typologie repensée, typologie dans laquelle les imperfections constatées ont été, dans la mesure du possible, corrigées. Le problème de l’erreur de procédure est trop souvent réduit à la question de savoir comment elle doit être sanctionnée. Prononcer ou éviter la sanction telle est la question décisive. Pour y répondre, il a fallu reconsidérer les dispositions qui régissent l’application de la sanctionIrrecevabilité, nullités de forme et de fond, caducité, péremption, radiations, exception d’incompétence, etc… Many procedural sanctions can threaten the litigant during the trial. These threats are real, but their outlines are blurry. The code of civil procedure appears to contains a rigorous and harmonious sanction law. However, many technical imperfections are unveiled whenever a sanction is determined or pronounced. This study has attempted a comprehensive inventory of these imperfections. During the last decade, lawmakers have not tackled these technical flaws, and kept on using sanctions as tools to serve interests of judicial policy. In reality, this policy of using sanctions as legal instruments goes against the true spirit and ambitions of the author of the law reducing disputes at all cost. This policy goes against the very conception of the civil procedure as a servant of private rights. These flaws being exposed, we proposed a new method, being more respectful of justice. For this method to flourish, it had to come with a rethought typology of sanctions, which corrects these imperfections. Too often, procedural error is reduced to it sanction component. In fact, once the sanction has been identified, some questions remain unanswered, among which the most decisive one: pronounce or avoid the sanction. In order to answer this question, the rules governing the application of sanctions had to be reconsidere
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Inequalities between spouses in Iranian family law
No full textAu moment de l’élaboration du projet de la loi de la protection de la famille en 2007, il semblait exister un consensus général parmi les politiciens, les religieux, les universitaires et les activistes des droits de la femme, sur la nécessité de réformer les dispositions légales iraniennes concernant la famille. Pourtant, en dépit des attentes, la nouvelle L.P.F. a totalement maintenu la même structure de rapport entre les époux que celle qui avait été régie par les dispositions antérieures. Ces inégalités étant fondées sur le droit imamite, ont été justifiées depuis la fin des années 1960, par la théorie de non similitude exposée par Ayatollah Motahari. Selon la théorie de non similitude, du fait de leur différence de nature, l’homme et la femme ne peuvent pas avoir le même rôle : à la femme, le rôle de reproduction de la vie au sein de l’instance familiale, à l’homme la reproduction de la richesse afin de subvenir aux besoins de la famille. A travers l’étude des inégalités dans rapports personnels et patrimoniaux des époux, l’étude montre que cette division du travail n’assure pas une vie conjugale pacifique, digne et équilibrée. L’étude montre aussi que la protection matérielle de l’épouse dure uniquement durant la vie du mari. Par ailleurs, les mesures matérielles de protection théoriquement accordées à l’épouse, sont, en pratique, très difficiles à percevoir. En outre, cette compensation matérielle n’est pas suffisante pour réparer le dommage moral subi par celle-ciAt the time of drafting the family protection bill in 2007, there seemed to be a general consensus among politicians, religious, academics and women's rights activists on the need to revise the Iranian family law legislation. However, despite the anticipations, the new family protection law, has totally maintained the same structure of relation between the spouses as that which had been enacted in previous legislations. These inequalities, based on imamite law, have been justified since the end of the 1960s by the theory of non-similarity between man and woman, set forth by ayatollah Motahari. According to the theory of non-similarity, because of their difference in nature, men and women can not have the same tasks. To woman, the role of reproduction of life within the family; to man, the reproduction of wealth in order to provide for the needs of the family. But, the fact that several pecuniary relations between the spouses were affected by the new family protection law proves that from the point of view of the Iranian legislator, the balance which was supposed to dominate the relation between the spouses was disturbed. The study of inequalities in the personal and patrimonial relations of the spouses, the study shows that this division of task does not ensure a peaceful, dignified and balanced married life. The study also proves that the material protection of the wife lasts only during the life of the husband. On another note, the materiel protection measures that are theoretically granted to the wife, are practically very difficult to perceive. Furthermore, such material compensation is not sufficient to recompense for the non-pecuniary damage suffered by he
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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