1,721,051 research outputs found
Dynamic Argument Structure
No full textThis paper presents a new classification of verbs of change and modification, proposing a dynamic interpretation of the lexical semantics of the predicate and its arguments. Adopting the model of dynamic event structure proposed in Pustejovsky (2013), and extending the model of dynamic selection outlined in Pustejovsky and Jezek (2011), we define a verb class in terms of its Dynamic Argument Structure (DAS), a representation which encodes how the participants involved in the change behave as the event unfolds. We address how the logical resources and results of change predicates are realized syntactically, if at all, as well as how the exploitation of the resource results in the initiation or termination of a new object, i.e. the result. We show how DAS can be associated with a dynamically encoded event structure representation, which measures the change making reference to a scalar component, modelled in terms of assignment and/or testing of values of attributes of participants
Dynamic Interpretation of Predicate-Argument Structure
Full text linkWe propose a new representation of predicate-argument structure, which encodes how the participants to the event expressed by the verb change as the event unfolds. This involves a dynamic interpretation of the predicate and their arguments, and the development of a new representation designed to encode such information, which we call dynamic predicate-argument structure. As a case study, we focus on verbs of creation and destruction, such as build and destroy. We refine and extend the proposal of dynamic typing presented in Jezek & Pustejovsky 2017, and provide an integrated account of the predicate-argument structures associated with these verbs and their classes. This account includes the specification of several pieces of information: the role and type of each argument; the predicates inherent in the verb semantics (called modes), which are responsible for the changes in the participants; the temporal/aspectual information that the verb encodes, ex-pressed in terms of assignment and test of values of attributes of the participants during the event. With this information, we are able to represent how, with creation and destruction predicates, the exploitation of the resource argument results in the initiation or termination of a new object, i.e. the result. Moreover, we address and solve one of the long standing problems of scalar approaches to verb classification, namely that of defining the exact contribution of each member of a linguistic expression to the measurement of the change. We do so by allowing compositional shifts in the scale of interpretation, a phenomenon we refer to as scale shifting
Scale shifting and compositionality
No full textIn this paper we extend the model developed for path and manner-of-motion constructions proposed in Pustejovsky and Moszkowicz 2011 to predicates denoting the creation of an object, whether syntactically realized or not. This model, Dynamic Interval Temporal Logic (DITL), exploits the formal distinctions available in the “events as programs” metaphor, to differentiate both lexical and compositional properties of telicity involved in scalar predication. Specifically, we distinguish between lexical and phrasal constructions which denote tests over their successful dynamic execution (test predicates), from expressions which denote the inherent assignment and re-assignment of a value to an attribute (assignment predicates). Tests denote telic, while iterated assignments correspond to atelic constructions. Following Pustejovsky and Moszkowicz 2011, and related to Levin and Rappaport Hovav’s 2010analysis, we use this distinction to characterize different subclasses of creation verbs, where the created objects play different roles in the calculation of telicity
Building a Semantic Lexicon: Structuring and Generating Concepts
No full textOne of the main challenges for computational lexical semantics is to bridge the gap between on the one hand theoretical research on the organization of the lexicon and on the formal representation of word meaning, and on the other hand the increasing request by natural language processing systems of accessing large repositories of lex- ical knowledge. Starting from some recent extensions of Generative Lexicon theory (Pustejovsky 1995, 1998) we present a general model for the development of a set of large-scale lexical resources developed in the context of the SIMPLE project.
We will argue that the principles of the Generative Lexicon provide a framework for structuring word meaning which allows for important synergies between research on conceptual structure and the design of formal architectures for the representation of lexical content. The model that we present, which is quite different from standard approaches to semantic classification, is largely motivated by the need to provide appropriate representations for lexical items that cannot be readily handled in existing frameworks
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
SemEval-2010 Task 7: Argument Selection and Coercion
No full textWe describe the Argument Selection and Coercion task for the SemEval-2010 evaluation exercise. This task involves characterizing the type of compositional operation that exists between a predicate and the arguments it selects. Specifically, the goal is to identify whether the type that a verb selects is satisfied directly by the argument, or whether the argument must change type to satisfy the verb typing. We discuss the problem in detail, describe the data preparation for the task, and analyze the results of the submissions
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