1,720,965 research outputs found
Early identification of people at high risk of oral cancer—A review of existing risk prediction models
No full textPrediction plays a ubiquitous role in cancer care. At every stage of the illness, the patient, the physician, and the family must make numerous decisions. Utilizing epidemiological, clinical, biological, lifestyle, and genetic factors, a cancer-specific risk assessment model calculates the likelihood of developing cancer. In India, oral cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer, affecting nearly 3,000,00 individuals annually. Because it is in the premalignant stage, oral cancer is easily detectable in the oral cavity. Prompt identification of this lesion can result in better outcomes and a higher standard of living. Advanced statistical techniques have been used to develop prediction algorithms or risk scores that identify individuals with a high risk of developing oral cancer. With the aid of these risk assessment models, specific individuals can be screened to aid in the early detection of the disease, which may result in better outcomes and lifestyle modifications. Finding the best model among the current risk models for oral cancer may be aided by a thorough examination of all these models. Finding and assessing the risk model that primary care physicians can use and easily apply in clinical practice will be made easier with a succinct and straightforward comparison of the models. This review compares the current models to determine which has the best performance metrics, which could lead to a better understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of various risk prediction models of oral cancer
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Assessment of implementation of COTPA-2003 in Bengaluru city, India: A cross-sectional study
No full textIntroduction: Tobacco as a slow and modern epidemic remains a serious public health problem for the country. Despite the existence of a comprehensive law to reduce tobacco burden, India still faces the uphill task of its acceptance and successful implementation. Aim: To assess the implementation of Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act 2003 (COTPA)-2003 (Section 4, 6b, and 7) in public places of Bengaluru city and to assess the awareness of the head of these institutions/offices regarding COTPA-2003 and its enforcement in their premises. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 175 public places selected as sources of data using cluster random sampling. The tool in the form of a checklist was prepared based on the sections of COTPA-2003 (Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products' Act), and data were recorded through direct observation. A structured interview was conducted of the institutional heads regarding the implementation of COTPA-2003 in their premises. Informed consent was obtained from the institutional heads or in-charges of the public places. Results: Section 4 (Prohibition of smoking in public places) was not complied by 58%. Only 16.7% educational institutions complied with the Section 6b (Prohibition of sale of tobacco products near educational institutions). More than 50% of the head of the institutions were unaware of their role in the implementation of this law. Conclusion: Although the law has been drafted comprehensively, it is implemented only to a certain extent. Hence, all concerned departments and ministries responsible for meeting the framework convention on tobacco control objectives and enforcing COTPA, at central and state levels, should act urgently and in coordination
Diagnosis and treatment option for dental caries using photographs a study among undergraduate students
No full textBackground: Visual examination is the basis for diagnosing the carious lesions in clinical and field setting. Aims and Objectives: To determine the accuracy of identifying the carious lesions at different stages and their treatment options using photographs by dental undergraduates. Materials and Method: A total of 83 undergraduates (3rd year, 4th year and interns) participated in the study. A proforma with criteria for identifying the lesion and the treatment modalities were given. The photographs of lesions in different stages as diagnosed by experts were projected on the screen for 60 seconds during which the students were asked to identify the lesion and suggest the treatment option in the given proforma. Results: There were 23 (28%) 3rd year students, 38 (47%) 4th year students and 22 (25%) interns in the present study. Most of the times dentinal caries was identified and suggested for restorative treatment correctly by undergraduates than enamel and initial caries. The difference in identifying the lesions among them was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Diagnosis of cavitated lesions and their treatment plan was more accurate than for the initial lesions by undergraduates when photographs were used. This finding suggests the use of photographs beneficial as a training aid and also calls for continuous training and retraining sessions for all students to diagnose dental caries in various stages and appropriate treatment plan
Association between Lifestyle Factors and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders among People of Bangalore: A Case-control Study
No full textIntroduction: The increase in prevalence of oral premalignant
lesions and oral cancer in India is due to cultural, ethnic,
geographic factors and varying lifestyle factors like consumption
of tobacco, alcohol and standard of living. Some of the risk
factors are modifiable and emphasises the need for detailed
assessment of these modifiable risk factors and increasing
awareness among general public and policy makers.
Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the association
between lifestyle factors and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
(OPMDs).
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted
where 154 cases and controls were selected from MS Ramaiah
Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore and peripheral
outreach centers of MS Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital,
Bangalore. Cases diagnosed as oral leukoplakia, erythroplakia
and Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) based on the World
Health Organisation (WHO) criteria (1980) were included
in the study group. Age and sex (1:1) matched controls
without OPMDs were included in control group. The data was
collected regarding socio-demographic factors, blood group
and lifestyle factors using specially designed proforma. Chisquare test and odds ratio were utilised to association and
strength of association between various lifestyle factors and
development of OPMDs. Univariate logistic regression test was
done followed by multiple logistic regression for identifying the
risk factors. The p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically
significant. SPSS version 11.0 was used for data analysis.
Results: Out of 154 cases, 84 (54.5%) cases were leukoplakia,
2 (1.3%), cases were erythroplakia, 53 (34.4%) cases were
OSMF and 15 (9.7%) cases were with multiple potentially
malignant disorders (leukoplakia+OSMF). In univariate analysis,
OR for tobacco smoking in individuals who smoked more than
20 times a day was 2.56 (95% CL 1.19-5.5) compared to nonsmokers, tobacco chewing who chewed more than 10 times
a day was 43.03 (95% CL-17.2-107) in comparison to nonchewers and alcohol consumption who consumed alcohol daily
was 3.2 (95% CL 0.6-16.3) in comparison to non-alcoholics.
Following multiple logistic regression analysis occupation,
smoking, chewing tobacco and vegetable intake was found to
be statistically significant as independent risk factors p<0.05.
Conclusion: Occupation, smoking, chewing tobacco and
vegetable consumption were identified as independent risk
factors for the development of OPMDs. Identifying the risk
factors and OPMD at an early stage is important for prevention
of oral cancer
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Prevalence of maxillofacial injuries by motorized two wheeler road traffic accidents in Bangalore city
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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