1,721,003 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Alleviating Heat Strain During Exercise: Hand Cooling and Thermoregulation
Full text linkExercise capacity and performance are impaired in hot and humid environments, principally due to an increased body temperature and cardiovascular strain. Strategies that alleviate heat strain and improve exercise capability are therefore meaningful from a safety and performance perspective. These strategies are often assessed using core body temperature as a primary outcome, usually derived from inside the rectum, but increasingly from the intestinal tract using gastrointestinal telemetry pill systems. The reliability of intestinal temperature, however, was unclear. Therefore, the purpose of study 1 was to investigate the inter-day reliability of intestinal temperature during an exercise-heat challenge. Gastrointestinal temperature demonstrated good reliability but researchers and practitioners should be aware of potential heteroscedasticity as the magnitude of error increases with temperature. This information is useful when examining the effectiveness of strategies to alleviate heat strain and improve performance. Indeed, there are many interventions designed for this purpose, however, few are practical enough to be used during continuous exercise in hot environments. The objective of study 2 was to systematically identify and meta-analyse the effect of practical cooling strategies applied during exercise in hot environments. Cooling during fixed-intensity exercise before a self-paced performance trial improves endurance performance in the heat. These improvements are most likely mediated by an improved rating of perceived exertion and heat strain but not by attenuating an increase in body temperature. A potentially effective site for limiting increases in body temperature during exercise is the hands. Therefore, the purpose of study 3 was to quantify the physiological and perceptual responses to hand immersion in water during recumbent cycling in a hot environment. Hand immersion in cold water attenuated an increase in body temperature compared to a thermoneutral control and elicited beneficial effects on heart rate, skin temperature and skin blood flow. The aim of study 4 was to extend these findings to investigate the effects of prototype cooling gloves worn during exercise in a hot environment. The cooling gloves decreased indices of intestinal and skin temperature as well as heart rate. Beneficial effects were also observed for rating of perceived exertion, thermal comfort and thermal sensation. The findings from these studies have practical implications for assessments of interventions using gastrointestinal temperature, the choice of practical cooling strategy used during exercise in the heat and the application of hand cooling strategies. Future research should aim to improve the ergonomics of the cooling gloves designed in study 4 and investigate their impact on exercise capability in hot environments
Coaches’ acquisition of sport science knowledge and the role of education providers
Full text linkThe aims of this thesis were to better understand how coaches perceived and accessed sport science knowledge and to determine the role of National Governing Bodies (NGBs) and further and higher education (FHE) in facilitating coach training and education in sport science. Additionally, studies sought to identify any barriers to more effective access and implementation to such knowledge within this population. Firstly, adopting a loosely structured interview approach, eight expert sport coaches were interviewed about their perceptions of sport science knowledge and practice. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed three first-order themes; knowledge acquisition (KA), knowledge translation (KT), and qualities of practitioners and coaches (QPC). Formal methods of KA included Higher Education and National Governing Body (NGB) training, whilst blind faith and mentoring were both revealed to be sources of informal KA. Conceding advantage and complexity of language (de-jargonising) were both revealed to be barriers to KT, whilst the use of virtual learning environments and traditional workshops were both favoured as means to disseminate and translate knowledge. Opportunity, research lag and accessibility, and casual employment were all identified as barriers to successful KT. The most valued QPC in practitioners were expertise, knowledge of the sport, building rapport and humility, whilst an open mindset and clarity of performance objectives were identified for coaches. Much of the findings from the first study corroborate previous research examining coach training and education and the salient characteristics of sport science practitioners that support successful translation of knowledge into sport coaching practice. In addition, these expert coaches displayed features of adaptive expertise in their decision-making and approaches to sourcing new knowledge. To understand these results in the professional domain, a larger sample of sport coaches was surveyed on the location of sport science topics and disciplines in coach training and education, actual and preferred sources of knowledge, and the role and function of FHE, NGBs and Continued Professional Development (CPD) in coach development. A mixture of mostly non-formal, online methods were identified as popular actual sources of sport science knowledge, whilst informal methods were the most popular preferred source. This may be in part owing to COVID-19 restrictions, but also substantiates previous research investigating learning in sport coaching. Sport psychology and skill acquisition were rated the most important sport science disciplines, with a number of statistical differences observed between routine (Level 1 and 2) and adaptive (Level 3 and 4) experts in the level of importance placed on key sport science topics. No differences were observed between expertise level and location of these topics in the coaching curriculum. A number of recommendations are made in accordance with recent policy initiatives to re-evaluate and professionalise sport coaching in the UK
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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