1,721,145 research outputs found
Mortalità e morbilità cardiovascolare nella popolazione diabetica
No full textrelazioni tra iperglicemia e mortalità nel diabete tipo
An overview of pancreatic beta-cell defects in human type 2 diabetes: implications for treatment
No full textType 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes in humans. It results from a combination of factors that impair beta-cell function and tissue insulin sensitivity. However, growing evidence is showing that the beta-cell is central to the development and progression of this form of diabetes. Reduced islet and/or insulin-containing cell mass or volume in Type 2 diabetes has been reported by several authors. Furthermore, studies with isolated Type 2 diabetic islets have consistently shown both quantitative and qualitative defects of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The impact of genotype in affecting beta-cell function and survival is a very fast growing field or research, and several gene polymorphisms have been associated with this form of diabetes. Among acquired factors, glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and altered IAPP processing are likely to play an important role. Interestingly, however, pharmacological intervention can improve several defects of Type 2 diabetes islet cells in vitro, suggesting that progression of the disease might not be relentless
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Impact of western and mediterranean diets and vitamin D on muscle fibers of sedentary rats
Full text linkBackground: The metabolic syndrome is associated with sarcopenia. Decreased serum levels of Vitamin D (VitD) and insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1 and their mutual relationship were also reported. We aimed to evaluate whether different dietary profiles, containing or not VitD, may exert different effects on muscle molecular morphology. Methods: Twenty‐eight male rats were fed for 10 weeks in order to detect early defects induced by different dietary regimens: regular diet (R); regular diet with vitamin D supplementation (R‐DS) and regular diet with vitamin D restriction (R‐DR); high‐fat butter‐based diets (HFB‐DS and HFB‐DR) with 41% energy from fat; high‐fat extra‐virgin olive oil‐based diets (HFEVO‐DS and HFEVO‐DR) with 41% energy from fat. IL‐1β, insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)1, Dickkopf‐1 (DKK‐1), and VitD‐receptor (VDR) expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Muscle fiber perimeter was measured by histology and morphometric analysis. Results: The muscle fibers of the HEVO‐DS rats were hypertrophic, comparable to those of the R‐DS rats. An inverse correlation existed between the dietary fat content and the perimeter of the muscle fibers (p < 0.01). In the HFB‐DR rats, the muscle fibers appeared hypotrophic with an increase of IL‐1β and a dramatic decrease of IGF‐1 expression. Conclusions: High‐fat western diet could impair muscle metabolism and lay the ground for subsequent muscle damage. VitD associated with a Mediterranean diet showed trophic action on the muscle fibers
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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