992 research outputs found
Heat Shock Protein Expression and Implications in Spontaneous Animal Tumors: Veterinary and Comparative Aspects
No full textHeat shock proteins (HSP) play a fundamental role in the maintenance of
cellular homeostasis, under both physiological and stress conditions, by acting as
molecular chaperones in protein folding, intracellular transport and degradation.
HSP are also implicated in the hallmarks of cancer from proliferation, impaired
apoptosis and sustained angiogenesis to invasion and metastasis. Altered HSP levels
have been observed in a variety of human neoplasms and such abnormal expression
may contribute to poor prognosis and drug resistance. Therefore, these molecular
chaperones represent attractive targets for anti-cancer therapy. A growing number of
studies in veterinary medicine have also demonstrated the presence of altered HSP
expression in spontaneous animal tumors, especially canine cancer, and the study of
carcinogenesis and the role of HSP in animal models represent an additional source
of information for clinical cancer research. This chapter briefly reviews the current
knowledge on HSP expression and implications in spontaneous animal neoplasms,
and the advances in understanding of the therapeutic opportunities offered by HSP-based
anti-cancer therapies in veterinary and comparative oncology
Neuroplasticity-Based Technologies and Interventions for Restoring Motor Functions in Multiple Sclerosis
No full textMotor impairments are very common in multiple sclerosis (MS), leading to a reduced Quality of Life and active participation. In the past decades, new insights into the functional reorganization processes that occur after a brain injury have been introduced. Specifically, the motor practice seems to be determinant to induce neuroplastic changes and motor recovery. More recently, these findings have been extended to multiple sclerosis, in particular, it has been hypothesized that disease progression, functional reorganization and disability are mutually related. For this reason, neuroplasticity-based technologies and interventions have been rapidly introduced in MS rehabilitation. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), robotics and virtual reality training are new rehabilitative interventions that deliver an intensive e task-specific practice, which are two critical factors associated with functional improvements and cortical reorganization. Another promising strategy for enhancing neuroplastic changes is non-invasive brain stimulation that can be used with a priming effect on motor training. The aims of this chapter are to review the evidence of neuroplastic changes in multiple sclerosis and to present technologies and interventions that have been tested in clinical trials
Hsp60 involvement during carcinogenesis
No full textThe implication of Hsp60 in cancer development is due to its participation
in many metabolic and biomolecular mechanisms in cancer cells. Hsp60 interacts
with various molecules that are responsible of apoptosis, cell proliferation and
other mechanisms involved when a normal cell becomes malignant. Hsp60 expression
was found to be increased in many types of cancer but in same tumors of different
anatomical district was found decreased. The mechanism of action of Hsp60
is different depending on the type of tumor. Its involvement in the carcinogenetic
process of some tumors, such as large bowel carcinoma or cervical carcinoma,
seems to occur in the very early stages of disease. Hsp60 participates in the mechanism
of modulation of the immune response the cancer cells use to invade surrounding
tissues, and expand the tumor mass
Hsp60 Friend and Foe of the Nervous System
No full textHsp60 belongs to the subgroup of molecular chaperones named chaperonins and, typically, resides and functions in the mitochondria but it is also present in
extramitochondrial sites. It chaperones client peptides as they fold to achieve the
native conformation and also displays anti-stress roles by helping stress-damaged
proteins regain a functional shape. Thus, Hsp60 is central to the integrity and functionality of mitochondria and energy production. All cells in the nervous system
depend on Hsp60 so when the chaperonin malfunctions the consequences on nervous tissues are usually devastating, causing diverse diseases. These are the Hsp60
chaperonopathies, which can be genetic or acquired with the former caused by gene
variants and the latter by various post-transcriptional mechanisms. All forms of
chaperonopathies, i.e., by defect, by excess, and by mistake, associated with Hsp60
have been described, and some illustrative examples are discussed here. It is clear
that this chaperonin is key to neuromuscular physiology but, when qualitatively
and/or quantitatively abnormal causes diseases, often very serious
Dayal Kaur Khalsa: The art of remembering
No full textIn the space of three years in the late eighties, Dayal Kaur Khalsa wrote and illustrated a series of picture books that constitute a visual (auto)biography. In these books, Khalsa explores the meaning and reliability of memory, and the importance of family context in life history. By evoking popular culture and its artifacts in her illustrations, Khalsaprovides afully realised, time-specific world for her character May to inhabit. Furthermore, through the device of self- referential visual quotations, by means of which characters and settings reappear from book to book, Khalsa creates a form of "visual intertextuality" unique in the canon of Canadian picture books.Peer reviewedfinal article publishe
Rupi Kaur: Women’s Writing Tradition in Translation
No full textThis paper will present a brief background of the author, Rupi Kaur, and her artistic work, focusing in her poetry. The book approached is Honey and Milk, and it will be analysed though the feminist criticism theory of Elaine Showalter in order to discuss the poetry of Kaur in the context of the third phase of women’s writing. To achieve that, this paper will discuss some selected poetry and some details about the translation of the book to the Portuguese Brazilian language and the rewriting entailed in the process of translation
Molecular Chaperones and Protein Quality Control System in the Canine Model of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases
No full textAged dogs naturally develop cognitive dysfunction and represent a valuable
spontaneous animal model for studying normal aging and neurodegeneration.
Elderly canines also share neuropathological hallmarks similar to those observed
in humans, especially Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology or amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis. In addition, pet dogs share similar living conditions and
diets to humans. Increasing oxidative damage, as well as alterations of the
intracellular protein quality control system, including ubiquitin-proteasome
system (UPS) and Heat shock proteins (Hsp), have been observed in the brain
of aged dogs. Thus, future researches carried out on the canine spontaneous
model may be useful to define the involvement of age-related alterations in
Hsp expression and UPS activity in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative
diseases, as well as to perform translational antioxidant treatment/prevention
studies. The possibility to design novel therapeutic approaches, including Hspbased
therapies, may help to increase chaperone protection against proteotoxic
stress occurring in human and canine brain during aging
Determination and potential importance of diterpene (kaur-16-ene) emitted from dominant coniferous trees in Japan
No full textReactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known to affect atmospheric chemistry. Biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) have a significant impact on regional air quality due to their large emission rates and high reactivities. Diterpenes (most particularly, kaur-16-ene) were detected in all of the 205 enclosure air samples collected over multiple seasons at two different sites from Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa trees, the dominant coniferous trees in Japan,. The emission rate of kaur-16-ene, was determined to be from 0.01 to 7.1 μg dwg^[-1] h^[-1] (average: 0.61 μg dwg^[-1] h^[-1]) employing branch enclosure measurements using adsorbent sampling followed by solid phase-liquid extraction techniques. The emission rate was comparable to that of monoterpenes, which is known major BVOC emissions, collected from the same branches. In addition, total emission of kaur-16-ene at 30℃ was estimated to exceed that of total anthropogenic VOC emissions
The Molecular Virology of Coronaviruses with Special Reference to SARS-CoV-2
No full textIntroduction: Coronaviruses (CoVs) are large, enveloped and positive-sense RNA viruses which are responsible for a range of upper respiratory and digestive tract infections. Interest in coronaviruses has recently escalated due to the identification of a newly emerged coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this chapter, we summarise molecular virological features of coronaviruses and understand their molecular mechanisms of replication in guiding the control of the global COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We applied a holistic and comparative approach to assess the current understanding of coronavirus molecular virology and identify research gaps among different human coronaviruses.Results: Coronaviruses can utilise unique strategies that aid in their pathogenicity, replication and survival in multiple hosts. Replication of coronaviruses involves novel mechanisms such as ribosomal frameshifting and the synthesis of both genomic and sub-genomic RNAs. We summarised the key components in coronavirus molecular biology and molecular determinants of pathogenesis. Focusing largely on SARS-CoV-2 due to its current importance, this review explores the virology of recently emerged coronaviruses to gain an in-depth understanding of these infectious diseases.Conclusions: The presented information provides fundamental bottlenecks to devise future disease control and management strategies to curtail the impact of coronaviruses in human populations
A randomized control study comparing outcomes in student nurses who utilize video during simulation debriefing as compared to those who utilize traditional debriefing
No full textClinical placement sites for nursing students have become limited around the country. An alternative teaching strategy must be employed to allow for students to gain valuable knowledge and skills. High fidelity human patient simulation is one such strategy that allows students to safely practice nursing interventions in a controlled environment using a scenario. Students participate in groups and may be video recorded for replay during the debriefing session, the most essential learning element of the simulation session. Students watching a video recording of their participation in the scenario allow them to reflect on their own actions to identify their own strengths and weaknesses. The research question for this study was the following: what are the effects of video assisted debriefing as compared to traditional oral debriefing on student outcomes (clinical judgment, self-confidence, learner satisfaction scores with simulation and learner satisfaction scores with the simulation facilitator) of associate degree nursing students in their second year of nursing school? A randomized control design was employed to test the research question using a sample of 74 students. Students were randomized into either a video assisted debriefing group and an oral assisted debriefing group. The debriefing sessions were structured for each group with the only difference being the video assisted debriefing group watched the recording of their videotaped simulation session. Results included higher self-reported clinical judgment, learner satisfaction scores with the simulation, and learner satisfaction with the debriefing facilitator. Findings from this study support the use of video assisted debriefing as compared to traditional oral assisted debriefing after a simulation session. Debriefing should be a highly structured part of simulation allowing for students to learn and develop important cognitive and behavioral skills. Video debriefing is an important component of simulation that allows for improved student outcomes.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Tresa Kaur Dusa
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