23 research outputs found
Adapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
Accounting Conservatism Analysis in Indonesia after Adoption of IFRS and Relation to the Characteristics of the Board As One of the Mechanism of Corporate Governance (Empirical Study on Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Stock Exchange)
No full textANALISIS KUALITAS LAYANAN PEMBAYARAN BIAYA PENDIDIKAN ONLINE (BRIVA) PADA BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA (BRI)TERHADAP KUALITAS LAYANAN. (Studi Kasus: Mahasiswa IIBI Darmajaya Lampung)
Full text linkIn general, there are three roles of banking, namely funding (collecting public funds), Lending (distribution of financial loans or credit), and other services (such as a place of payment or the need for trade transactions), Kasmir (2003). Besides being an institution that collects funds and distributes funds, banks must also improve their ability to collect funds from the public. Quality has a close relationship with consumers, quality provides an impetus to consumers to establish strong ties with the company. In this study, the data collection technique was carried out by distributing questionnaires and interviews to obtain primary data, and literature study to obtain secondary data. This research was conducted at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) which is used as a place of payment for IBI Darmajaya students, and especially the cash office of PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) Unit IBI Darmajaya Pringsewu Branch Jl. Z.A. Pagar Alam No 93 Bandar Lapung. The results of this study indicate that the quality of services provided by Bank BRI to IBI Darmajaya students in paying online tuition fees consisting of Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy and Tangible have contribution to IBI Darmajaya Student Satisfaction in online tuition payment services. Of the 5 variables that are used as benchmarks for student satisfaction in online tuition services, the responsiveness variable has a smaller perception than expectations, meaning that in these variables students are not satisfied with the services provided by Bank BRI Bank IBI Darmajaya cash office. Keywords: Service Qualit
An analytical study of the theatre of the Syrian playwright Saadallah Wannous, with particular emphasis on the plays written after the 1967 war
Full text linkThis study is an examination of the life and work of
the Syrian dramatist Saadallah Wannous (1941-1997). Wannous's name is virtually unknown in the West; only two academic studies of any significance have appeared in English on this eminent and challenging writer, who was honoured by UNESCO at the end of his life. Even in the Arab world his standing rests largely upon his celebrity as a cultural icon, since professional performances of his plays are rare due to the decline of the theatre in the region, and little attention has been devoted to theatre studies by Arab academics. The two studies in English do not attempt to be comprehensive but focus on particular stages of Wannous's career. This study is, therefore, the first to encompass the full range of Wannous's work. To do so it combines an account of his life which seeks to comprehend the various forces that shaped his thinking with an analysis of his dramatic works. The study concentrates on the plays written in the years following the trauma inflicted on the Arab world by the catastrophe of their
defeat in the Arab-Israeli war of June, 1967. Wannous's career can be divided into three phases: the immature plays of his young manhood which are influenced by European models and generally focus on the social condition of the individual; his middle period - the `theatre of politicisation', when his Marxist politics were the main
factor shaping his drama; and his late works, which are characterised by an extraordinary freedom of thought and expression. The introduction places Wannous in his historical and sociocultural context and provides a brief background explaining the literary and theatrical traditions of the Arab world that influenced his activity as a dramatist. Each phase is then examined in turn and the plays are analysed in accordance with the focus of the study. This means that emphasis is given to the middle period,
but no significant work is neglected. The study aims to trace the trajectory of Wannous's development using a
variety of sources: the plays themselves, Wannous's own journalism and critical writings, interviews with his widow, his friends and colleagues, and numerous
journals, books and articles, some of which contain
important interviews with Wannous that shed light on his thought and ways of working. Use is also made of the
two studies mentioned above. The study shows that Wannous's theatre was influenced by the key political, social and cultural developments of his time, and that he
constantly sought to find forms that would express those transformations in dramatic terms
Creativity in Philosophy: A Multifaceted Approach to Education with Mulla Sadra's Thinking
Full text linkSolving today's problems and preparing for future uncertainties requires creativity. Creativity has been placed as one of the main axes of educational reforms in many advanced educational systems of the world. The current research, which is of a fundamental type and descriptive-analytical method, seeks to explain the solid philosophical foundations for the multifaceted theory of educational creativity presented by the author of this article based on Mulla Sadra. Mulla Sadra is one of the great Muslim philosophers. According to the findings of the present research, the theory of multifaceted educational creativity, which has environmental-social, emotional-cognitive, intellectual, educational-teaching and physical dimensions for creativity, can be based on the anthropological philosophy of Mulla Sadra, which attributes "becoming" to human nature. In this article, several practical suggestions for teachers based on the theory of multifaceted educational creativity have been presented so that teachers can take more effective steps to foster students' creativity. Also, suggestions for future researches have been provided
THE OFFENSE OF SHARING ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT DISSEMINATING ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS CONTAINING DEFAMATORY INFORMATION
Full text linkThe rapid development of information technology has raised concerns about cybercrime and mayantara crime, which has an impact on various aspects of life. Therefore, people who communicate on social networks must have good ethics and interact well with others because their mistakes can result in criminal sanctions. This research aims to understand criminal offenses, sanctions, and legal considerations in the dissemination of defamatory electronic documents and information. Normative juridical is used by the author in this research which means using court decisions as the basis for solving problems. Secondary data is obtained from primary data used in this research. Data for this research was collected through literature research. Qualitative data was used for analysis. Dissemination of electronic information containing defamation or Article 27 paragraph (3) of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law regulates defamation. Defamation of private electronic information is a violation of the law. In Decision No. 978/Pid.Sus/2018/PT. MDN of the Medan High Court, the judge decided that the perpetrator of the criminal offence of disseminating electronic documents and information containing insults and defamation fulfilled the requirements of Articles 45 and 27 of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law, both including paragraph (3). This research concludes that the judge has applied the provisions of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law. Future research should conduct field research related to this field
THE OFFENSE OF SHARING ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT DISSEMINATING ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS CONTAINING DEFAMATORY INFORMATION
No full textThe rapid development of information technology has raised concerns about cybercrime and mayantara crime, which has an impact on various aspects of life. Therefore, people who communicate on social networks must have good ethics and interact well with others because their mistakes can result in criminal sanctions. This research aims to understand criminal offenses, sanctions, and legal considerations in the dissemination of defamatory electronic documents and information. Normative juridical is used by the author in this research which means using court decisions as the basis for solving problems. Secondary data is obtained from primary data used in this research. Data for this research was collected through literature research. Qualitative data was used for analysis. Dissemination of electronic information containing defamation or Article 27 paragraph (3) of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law regulates defamation. Defamation of private electronic information is a violation of the law. In Decision No. 978/Pid.Sus/2018/PT. MDN of the Medan High Court, the judge decided that the perpetrator of the criminal offence of disseminating electronic documents and information containing insults and defamation fulfilled the requirements of Articles 45 and 27 of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law, both including paragraph (3). This research concludes that the judge has applied the provisions of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law. Future research should conduct field research related to this field
Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Konsentrasi Kepemilikan, Reputasi Auditor, Dewan Komisaris, dan Komite Manajemen Risiko terhadap Pengungkapan Enterprise Risk Management
Full text linkPerusahaan diharapkan mampu mengurangi dampak risiko yang dihadapinya, dan salah satu aspeknya adalah manajemen risiko, namun pada kenyataannya masih banyak perusahaan yang belum mengungkapkan manajemen risikonya dalam laporan tahunannya, termasuk salah satunya perusahaan keuangan. Perusahaan keuangan diwajibkan oleh pemerintah untuk melaporkan pengungkapan risiko dalam laporan keuangannya, namun pada prakteknya masih banyak perusahaan keuangan yang mengungkapkan risiko secara sukarela. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai ukuran perusahaan, konsentrasi kepemilikan, reputasi auditor, dewan direksi, komite manajemen risiko terhadap pengungkapan enterprise management. Data yang digunakan adalah data yang diperoleh dari website. www.idx.co.id .Lima puluh perusahaan dipilih dengan menggunakan metode target sampling. Survei ini dilakukan dari tahun 2017 hingga 2020, sehingga volume data untuk survei ini adalah 200 data. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda dengan menggunakan alat bantu SPSS versi 20, dan penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dewan direksi dan komite manajemen risiko memiliki pengaruh terhadap pengungkapan manajemen risiko perusahaan. Ukuran perusahaan, konsentrasi kepemilikan, dan reputasi audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan manajemen risiko perusahaan
Non-equilibrium phase and entanglement entropy in 2D holographic superconductors via Gauge-String duality
Full text linkAn alternative method of developing the theory of non-equilibrium two-dimensional holographic superconductor is to start from the definition of a time-dependent AdS3 background. As originally proposed, many of these formulae were cast in exponential form, but the adoption of the numeric method of expression throughout the bulk serves to show more clearly the relationship between the various parameters. The time dependence behavior of the scalar condensation and Maxwell fields are fitted numerically. A usual value for Maxwell field on AdS horizon is exp(–bt), and the exponential log ratio is therefore 10−8 s−1. The coefficient b of the time in the exponential term exp(–bt) can be interpreted as a tool to measure the degree of dynamical instability; its reciprocal 1/b is the time in which the disturbance is multiplied in the ratio. A discussion of some of the exponential formulae is given by the scalar field ψ(z, t) near the AdS boundary. It may be possible that a long interval would elapse in the system, which tends to the equilibrium state, where the normal mass and conformal dimensions emerged. A somewhat curious calculation has been made to illustrate the holographic entanglement entropy for this system. The foundation of all this calculation is, of course, a knowledge of multiple (connected and disconnected) extremal surfaces. There are several cases in which exact and approximate solutions are jointly used; a variable numerical quantity is represented by a graph, and the principles of approximation are then applied to determine related numerical quantities. In the case of the disconnected phase with a finite extremal area, we find a discontinuity in the first derivative of the entanglement entropy as the conserved charge J is increased.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
Muslim-Christian relations in Palestine during the British mandate period
No full textMy dissertation
examines
Muslim-Christian
relations
in Palestine during the British
mandate period, specifically, around the question of what constituted
Palestinian-Arab identity. More broadly
speaking, the dissertation
addresses the topic within the
context of the larger debate
concerning the role of material
factors (those
related to
specific
historical developments
and circumstances) versus that of
ideological
ones. in
determining
national
identities. At the beginning
of the twentieth, century, two models
of
Arab
nationalism were proposed-a more secular one emphasising a shared
language
and culture
(and thus, relatively
inclusive
of non-Muslims) and one wherein
Arab identity
was seen as essentially an extension of the Islamic
religious
community, or umma.
While
many
historians dealing
with
Arab
nationalism
have
tended to focus
on the role of
language (likewise, the role of
Christian Arab
intellectuals), I
would maintain that
it is the latter
model that proved
determinative
of
how
most
Muslim Arabs
came to conceive of their identity
as Arabs. Both
models
were essentially
intellectual
constructs; that the latter
prevailed
in the end reflects the
predominance of material
factors
over
ideological
ones.
Specifically, I
consider the
impact
of social, political and economic changes related to the Tanzimat
reforms and
European
economic penetration of the nineteenth century; the role of proto-nationalist
models of communal
identification-particularly
those related to religion; and
finally,
the role played
by
political actors seeking to gain or consolidate authority through the
manipulation of proto-nationalist symbols
