1,720,969 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Manuscript illumination in Ottonian and early Salian St Gall: iconography, liturgy and devotion
Full text linkThis study explores the production of illuminated manuscripts in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Abbey of St Gall, Switzerland, in the period c. 975-1075. Although this monastic institution witnessed a celebrated era of cultural splendour in the ninth century as part of the Carolingian Renaissance, the subsequent Ottonian and early Salian periods represent today an overlooked phase of St Gall’shistory that nonetheless yielded a number of lavishly decorated liturgical manuscripts with full-page scenes, often displaying complex pictorial programmes and innovative iconographies. The first chapter analyses the creation of the Hartker Antiphonary, the oldest illuminated antiphonary with full-page scenes in medieval Europe, its authorship, iconographic particularities, and the impact of the challenging historical circumstances that surrounded the manuscript’s production around the year 1000. The second chapter is devoted to the Sigebert Sacramentary, a monumental and luxurious tool for the Mass, which, as part of the largest manuscript commission documented in Ottonian Germany,was created around the year 1025 for an external patron, the well-connected Bishop Sigebert of Minden. Four Eucharistic manuscripts, three sacramentaries and a gradual, are the subjects of the third chapter, which explores the contemporary manufacture, decoration, and subsequent ritual uses of these books in a monastic context such as St Gall around the year 1050. All three chapters also discuss the devotional inscriptions that accompanied many of these images, therefore permitting a glimpse into the perception of both books and scenes in the eleventh century. The regular liturgical practices of St Gall in this period and the study of important treatises on the liturgy and its symbolism provide a basis to understand the creation of these manuscripts and the meaning that these often innovative iconographies once had amongst an original audience. This latter task is also enhanced by the constant use of wider exegetical readings, paying special attention to authors documented in the collections of the abbey library and highly influential Carolingian scholarship
Holding Heaven in their hands: an examination of the functions, materials, and ornament of Insular house-shaped shrines
Full text linkSince the nineteenth century, the provenances, functions, and defining
characteristics of a group of Insular portable containers, commonly called house-,
tomb-, or church-shaped shrines, have been of interest to a number of disciplines
such as History of Art, Archaeology, and Museology. As nearly all Insular house-shaped
shrines were found empty or in fragmentary states, their original contents
are a continued point of scholarly debate. In response to these examinations and
based in part on the seventh-century riddle on the Chrismal found in the
Ænigmata of Aldhelm, bishop of Sherborne, this thesis proposes questions such
as: what type of container is best categorised as an Insular house-shaped shrine,
what were their original contents and functions, and do their forms and materials
communicate any specific cultural message(s)? By engaging with the two core
concepts of functionality and materiality, which are further informed through
direct object handlings of select Insular portable shrines, this thesis examines the
forms and materials used in their construction. Taking these questions and the
historical conversation into account, this thesis draws on the terminology
employed to denote sacral containers in Old Irish and Latin works, which include
hagiography and penitentials, discussions on the Temple of Jerusalem within early
medieval exegesis, depictions of Insular house-shaped shrines and analogous
forms in stonework and other mediums, and antiquarian, archaeological, and
anthropological accounts of the discovery of Insular house-shaped shrines to more
fully examine the functions of these enigmatic boxes. In doing so, the place of
Insular house-shaped shrines within early medieval art, both Continental and
Insular, will be more fully outlined. Additionally, a working definition of what
can constitute an Insular house-shaped shrine is developed by examining their
materiality, form, and prescribed functional terms, such as ‘reliquary’ and
‘chrismal’. Finally, this thesis shows that the functions of Insular house-shaped
shrines are best understood in an overlapping and pluralistic sense, namely, that
they were containers for a variety of forms of sacral matter and likely were
understood as relics themselves only in later periods, which modern antiquarians
later used as meaning-making devices in their writings on the spread of the early
medieval ‘Celtic’ Church
Humour in fifteenth-century France: a study of visual evidence
Full text linkHumour in Fifteenth-Century France: A Study of Visual Evidence is an investigation of the development of humour in late medieval France, as expressed in the visual arts. The research identifies and examines comic themes in Valois visual culture through analysis of three case studies. The first is the new iconography for the comedies of Terence, created in the early fifteenth century for the Duke of Berry and the Valois Princes (BnF Lat. 7907A and Arsenal Ms-664 réserve). The second is the manuscript of René d’Anjou’s Livre du Coeur d’Amour Épris (ÖNB Cod. Vind. 2597). The third is the only extant fifteenth-century illuminated manuscript of the Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles (GUL Ms Hunter 252 [U.4.10]).
The special emphasis on the arts of the book allows for a discussion of the illuminations in relation to the text they intend to illustrate. Each of these works offers a distinct contribution to the topic by presenting a rich variety of material and different shades, types and forms of humour expressed pictorially. Their nature as manuscripts involves a personal dimension, which narrows their intended audience to specific and well researched historic personalities, facilitating the reconstruction of their tastes, pleasures and sense of humour. Thus, these works permit insights into how humour was expressed, understood and appreciated, and they allow for a nuanced discussion on the comedic and the nature of visuality in late medieval France.
Each of the investigated manuscripts has been studied previously, yet their visual humour has not been addressed as an independent and intentional artistic creation with the specific function of provoking amusement and laughter. This thesis is the first such investigation of humour in visual culture for this period, addressing the lacuna in scholarship and showing that there is a rich diversity of visual material that merits analysis. It argues that pictorial expressions of humour became an important focus for leading creative artists in France through the course of the fifteenth century, and it contextualises this art historical phenomenon within the intellectual, social and political history that surrounded it. The reconstruction of the circumstances in which works of art were made, displayed and understood highlights the changes in the prospective audiences for these works, and the ways different viewers engaged and appreciated humour expressed visually. As well as providing new insights into the patrons, this thesis discusses the artists’ approach towards their text of reference, their inventions, innovations and creative impulses. In doing so, the investigation highlights a close connection with theatre and performance, and it identifies the printing industry as a contributing factor for the diffusion of comic iconography.
Studying humour is important because it determines social boundaries and functions as a barometer of social, political, sexual and ethical sensibilities. Humour in Fifteenth-Century France: A Study of Visual Evidence addresses a variety of media and permits a closer reading of the role of humour and its functions in Valois France and in Western Europe in the later Middle Ages, expanding our understanding of late medieval concepts of visuality and appreciation of the image
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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