1,721,001 research outputs found
The effect of nucleic acid extraction platforms and sample storage on the integrity of viral RNA for use in whole genome sequencing
No full text
Nitric oxide in chemostat-cultured Escherichia coli is sensed by Fnr and other global regulators: unaltered methionine biosynthesis indicates lack of S nitrosation
No full textWe previously elucidated the global transcriptional responses of Escherichia coli to the nitrosating agent S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in both aerobic and anaerobic chemostats, demonstrated the expression of nitric oxide (NO)-protective mechanisms, and obtained evidence of critical thiol nitrosation. The present study was the first to examine the transcriptome of NO-exposed E. coli in a chemostat. Using identical conditions, we compared the GSNO stimulon with the stimulon of NO released from two NO donor compounds {3-[2-hydroxy-1-(1-methyl-ethyl)-2-nitrosohydrazino]-1-propanamine (NOC-5) and 3-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-nitrosohydrazino)-N-methyl-1-propanamine (NOC-7)} simultaneously and demonstrated that there were marked differences in the transcriptional responses to these distinct nitrosative stresses. Exposure to NO did not induce met genes, suggesting that, unlike GSNO, NO does not elicit homocysteine S nitrosation and compensatory increases in methionine biosynthesis. After entry into cells, exogenous methionine provided protection from GSNO-mediated killing but not from NO-mediated killing. Anaerobic exposure to NO led to up-regulation of multiple Fnr-repressed genes and down-regulation of Fnr-activated genes, including nrfA, which encodes cytochrome c nitrite reductase, providing strong evidence that there is NO inactivation of Fnr. Other global regulators apparently affected by NO were IscR, Fur, SoxR, NsrR, and NorR. We tried to identify components of the NorR regulon by performing a microarray comparison of NO-exposed wild-type and norR mutant strains; only norVW, encoding the NO-detoxifying flavorubredoxin and its cognate reductase, were unambiguously identified. Mutation of norV or norR had no effect on E. coli survival in mouse macrophages. Thus, GSNO (a nitrosating agent) and NO have distinct cellular effects; NO more effectively interacts with global regulators that mediate adaptive responses to nitrosative stress but does not affect methionine requirements arising from homocysteine nitrosation.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
