1,720,958 research outputs found
Real Numbers Equally Compressible in Every Base
Get PDFThis work solves an open question in finite-state compressibility posed by Lutz and Mayordomo [Lutz and Mayordomo, 2021] about compressibility of real numbers in different bases.
Finite-state compressibility, or equivalently, finite-state dimension, quantifies the asymptotic lower density of information in an infinite sequence.
Absolutely normal numbers, being finite-state incompressible in every base of expansion, are precisely those numbers which have finite-state dimension equal to 1 in every base. At the other extreme, for example, every rational number has finite-state dimension equal to 0 in every base.
Generalizing this, Lutz and Mayordomo in [Lutz and Mayordomo, 2021] (see also Lutz [Lutz, 2012]) posed the question: are there numbers which have absolute positive finite-state dimension strictly between 0 and 1 - equivalently, is there a real number ξ and a compressibility ratio s ∈ (0,1) such that for every base b, the compressibility ratio of the base-b expansion of ξ is precisely s? It is conceivable that there is no such number. Indeed, some works explore "zero-one" laws for other feasible dimensions [Fortnow et al., 2011] - i.e. sequences with certain properties either have feasible dimension 0 or 1, taking no value strictly in between.
However, we answer the question of Lutz and Mayordomo affirmatively by proving a more general result. We show that given any sequence of rational numbers ⟨q_b⟩_{b=2}^∞, we can explicitly construct a single number ξ such that for any base b, the finite-state dimension/compression ratio of ξ in base-b is q_b. As a special case, this result implies the existence of absolutely dimensioned numbers for any given rational dimension between 0 and 1, as posed by Lutz and Mayordomo.
In our construction, we combine ideas from Wolfgang Schmidt’s construction of absolutely normal numbers from [Schmidt, 1961], results regarding low discrepancy sequences and several new estimates related to exponential sums
Ergodic Theorems and Converses for PSPACE Functions
Get PDFWe initiate the study of effective pointwise ergodic theorems in resource-bounded settings. Classically, the convergence of the ergodic averages for integrable functions can be arbitrarily slow [Ulrich Krengel, 1978]. In contrast, we show that for a class of PSPACE L¹ functions, and a class of PSPACE computable measure-preserving ergodic transformations, the ergodic average exists and is equal to the space average on every EXP random. We establish a partial converse that PSPACE non-randomness can be characterized as non-convergence of ergodic averages. Further, we prove that there is a class of resource-bounded randoms, viz. SUBEXP-space randoms, on which the corresponding ergodic theorem has an exact converse - a point x is SUBEXP-space random if and only if the corresponding effective ergodic theorem holds for x
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Point-To-Set Principle and Constructive Dimension Faithfulness
Get PDFHausdorff Φ-dimension is a notion of Hausdorff dimension developed using a restricted class of coverings of a set. We introduce a constructive analogue of Φ-dimension using the notion of constructive Φ-s-supergales. We prove a Point-to-Set Principle for Φ-dimension, through which we get Point-to-Set Principles for Hausdorff dimension, continued-fraction dimension and dimension of Cantor coverings as special cases. We also provide a Kolmogorov complexity characterization of constructive Φ-dimension.
A class of covering sets Φ is said to be "faithful" to Hausdorff dimension if the Φ-dimension and Hausdorff dimension coincide for every set. Similarly, Φ is said to be "faithful" to constructive dimension if the constructive Φ-dimension and constructive dimension coincide for every set. Using the Point-to-Set Principle for Cantor coverings and a new technique for the construction of sequences satisfying a certain Kolmogorov complexity condition, we show that the notions of "faithfulness" of Cantor coverings at the Hausdorff and constructive levels are equivalent.
We adapt the result by Albeverio, Ivanenko, Lebid, and Torbin [Albeverio et al., 2020] to derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for the constructive dimension faithfulness of the coverings generated by the Cantor series expansion, based on the terms of the expansion
Finite-State Relative Dimension, dimensions of A. P. subsequences and a Finite-State van Lambalgen's theorem
Get PDFFinite-state dimension (Dai, Lathrop, Lutz, and Mayordomo (2004)) quantifies
the information rate in an infinite sequence as measured by finite-state
automata. In this paper, we define a relative version of finite-state
dimension. The finite-state relative dimension of a sequence
relative to is the finite-state dimension of measured using the
class of finite-state gamblers with an oracle access to . We show its
mathematical robustness by equivalently characterizing this notion using the
relative block entropy rate of conditioned on .
We derive inequalities relating the dimension of a sequence to the relative
dimension of its subsequences along any arithmetic progression (A.P.). These
enable us to obtain a strengthening of Wall's Theorem on the normality of A.P.
subsequences of a normal number, in terms of relative dimension. In contrast to
the original theorem, this stronger version has an exact converse yielding a
new characterization of normality.
We also obtain finite-state analogues of van Lambalgen's theorem on the
symmetry of relative normality
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