1,720,976 research outputs found
Replication data for: Identifying Populist Paragraphs in Text: A Machine-Learning Approach
No full textThis dataset contains the code and the data used to train a machine-learning model to recognize populist paragraphs in text. This model can be used to scan large corpus of text to estimate the prevalence of populist content in the corpus. Authors developed this model to aid with large scale temporal or comparative analyses aimed to assess the dynamics of populism over time and between different parties
The image of a citizen in national branding campaigns of ethnically divided african countries.
No full textA growing enthusiasm about nation branding can be spotted in many African states. Kenya, Ghana, South Africa, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Botswana and many others have implemented nation branding techniques as part of their public policy. The image of the individual, the citizen is one of the most commonly used figures in African national branding campaigns. Moreover, vast ethnic diversity and multicultural community are pictured as very special and unique African features. However, many of African societies are suffering from ethnic conflicts while others are healing the wounds of struggles from the past. It is acknowledged that the nation brand has a reductionist effect on the reality it reflects: it is simply inable to mirror all complex features of the country and nation it speaks for. Nevertheless, as discussed above, the notion of the citizen is invoked as a fulcrum of nation branding campaigns in African countries. Therefore, this thesis („The image of the citizen in nation branding campaigns of ethnically diverse African countries“) is raising a question, what image of the citizen is being constructed in these campaigns and how it differs from the reality. This thesis focuses on the nation branding campaigns in two African states – Kenya and South Africa. It aims to describe the images of the citizen, constructed by nation branding initiatives in both countries and compare them. The thesis is divided into three parts, each of them represents certain goals. The first part intends to discuss the ideas of citizenship and nation branding in theory and create the foundation for a research model, whereas the section about current citizenship problems in South Africa and Kenya is designed to put the theoretical problem into a practical context, conceptualize it. The aim of the second, methodological part of the thesis is to create a model for the upcoming research. It discusses critical discourse analysis (the method used in this research), its nature, pros and cons and how the negative effects of the latter will be avoided. Then, based on the theoretical ideas discussed previously, a research model is constructed. Lastly, the research part. It aims to analyze the images of the citizen in South African and Kenyan nation branding campaigns; demonstrate their similarities and differences; explain how different historical experiences could have influenced them. The research is conducted using critical discourse analysis and invoking the previously constructed model. In total, six (three from each country) nation branding campaign examples are being interpreted. The conclusions draw attention to the fact, that the image of the citizen in national branding campaigns in both Kenya and South Africa is idealized: they picture an active, conscious citizen, able to identify himself with the state and enjoy equality – based citizen status. The images are similar in promulgating abstract values, but differs in the way of construction. In South Africa, history plays an important role, whereas in Kenya the citizen is described in a real time, without strong connections to the past. The connection with history makes South African citizen image look more realistic. Lastly, it is argued that not only different historical experiences, but also international community‘s familiarity with country‘s history/current issues may have caused differences between Kenyan and South African image of the citizen. This thesis is relevant because it widens a narrow niche of Africa – related publications and discusses current, up – to - date issues. It can also be significant for the nation branding studies, since it is stated that the topic of nation brand representation examples and capabilities is not extensively researched in the academic literature. Finally, the thesis suggest broadening the scope of research, using more quantitative methods and investigating citizens attitude towards the nation branding campaigns
Possibilities and challenges of social rehabilitation of offenders: case study of siauliai remand prison.
No full textThis work researches Lithuanian enforcement of sentences policy on offender’s social rehabilitation aspects. By analizing national legislation documents, academic publications and statistics investigating effectiveness of social rehabilitation of offenders and problematic aspects. In this work social rehabilitation covers: work of prisoners, opportunities to educate in prison, relations with outside world, inmates and personnel relations and integration programs. By doing empirical study of Šiauliai remand prison and looking from offender’s perspective trying to find out reasons for high recidivism, resocialization problems. In conclusion giving social rehabilitation of offender’s recomedations and proposals for regulatory implementation and improvements
Assessing the strength of parliamentary scrutiny of European affairs in the Baltic states
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mitteametlikud vastastikuse järelevalve mehhanismid koalitsioonivalitsustes: teoorialoomelised järeldused Balti riikide juhtumitest
Get PDFValitsuskoalitsioonide toimimine on keeruline. Koalitsioonid moodustatakse erinevatest, konkureerivate või koguni vastanduvate huvide ja eesmärkidega erakondadest. Ometi on pärast Teist maailmasõda koalitsioonivalitsused muutunud Euroopas üha sagedaminiesinevateks. Pealegi on sellised valitsused suutnud kõigile raskustele vaatamata riike tõhusalt juhtida ja seejuures stabiilselt koos püsida. Seda on tehtud teatud koalitsioonivalitsuste juurde loodud mitteametlike asutuste abil, mis võimaldavad koalitsioonipartneritel üksteise tegevusel „silma peal hoida“. Käesolevas väitekirjas on selliseid asutusi nimetatud mitteametlikeks vastastikuse järelevalve mehhanismideks (MVJM, ingl. IMOM) ja analüüsitud, kuidas neist neli – parlamendikomisjonide esimeeste ristmääramine, vähemoluliste ministrite ristmääramine, koalitsioonilepingute koostamine ning koalitsiooninõukogude loomine – toimivad Balti riikides.
Balti riigid valiti käesolevas töös uurimisobjektiks, sest sarnaselt Lääne-Euroopa riikidele on neis suur osatähtsus koalitsioonivalitsustel, mis on võrdlemisi stabiilsed ja toimivad edukalt. Samas on nende riikide vastavad ajaloolised arengud olnud märgatavalt erinevad ja tunduvalt kiiremad. Seega pakuvad Balti riigid ainulaadset võimalust uurida selliste MVJMide arengut aja jooksul ja kuulda tähelepanekuid inimestelt, kes on ise mänginud olulisi rolle selliste asutuste loomisel.
Käesolev väitekiri jõuab järeldusele, et MVJMide kasutamist Baltimaades suunasid üldjoontes samasugused põhjused nagu Lääne-Euroopas ja sealseid MVJMe kasutatakse sarnasel moel. Samas on Balti riigid seoses oma teistsuguse ajalooga kasutanud teatud MVJMe nagu näiteks parlamendikomisjonide esimeeste ristmääramist suuremas ulatuses kui Lääne-Euroopa riikides, aga mõned Lääne-Euroopas populaarsed MVJMid nagu näiteks vähemoluliste ministrite ristmääramine pole Balti riikides kunagi populaarsust võitnud.
Samuti näitab käesolev väitekiri, et MVJMe on parem käsitleda kui ühtset järelevalvesüsteemi, mitte kui eraldiseisvaid instrumente. MVJMide kasutamine sõltub kahest tegurirühmast: tegurid, mis on seotud järelevalve alase vajadusega koalitsioonivalitsuses ja MVJMide kasutamisega seonduvad kulud. Väitekirja üheks peamiseks panuseks on suurema tähelepanu pööramine järelevalvega seonduvatele kuludele, mida seni on uuritud võrdlemisi vähe.Making governmental coalitions work is difficult. After all, they are composed of different parties, which have competing (if not conflicting) interests and different goals. However, since the end of WWII, coalition cabinets became ever more frequent in European democracies and, even more importantly, they managed to govern effectively and achieve cabinet stability against all difficulties. This was done by creating certain informal institutions in the coalition cabinets which help coalition partners to “keep-tabs” on each other. This dissertation calls these institutions Informal Mutual Oversight Mechanisms (IMOMs) and analyses how four of them: cross-appointments of parliamentary committee chairs, cross-appointments of junior ministers, drafting coalition agreements, and creating coalition committees function in the Baltic states.
Baltic states were chosen for this work because they, just like the Western European countries, have a high share of coalition cabinets which are quite stable and function well. However, at the same time, their historical development was quite different and much faster. Therefore, the Baltic states offer a unique opportunity to study the development of these IMOMs over time and to gain insights from the people who personally played a major role in creating these institutions.
This dissertation finds that the use of IMOMs in the Baltic states was driven largely by same reasons as in Western Europe and that IMOMs there are used in very similar manner. However, due to their different histories, Baltic states have made use of certain IMOMs, like cross-appointing parliamentary committee chairs, to a larger extent then in the Western European countries, while some IMOMs which have been popular in the Western Europe, like cross appointing junior ministers, never gained popularity in the Baltic states.
Finally, this dissertation demonstrates that IMOMs are best understood not as separate instruments but rather as a single system of oversight. How these IMOMs are used depends on two factor groups: factors related to the demand for oversight in the coalition cabinet and the costs associated with using these IMOMs. One of the main contributions of the dissertation is bringing more attention to the factors related with the costs of oversight, which have been understudied before
EUROPEANIZATION OF THE BALTIC PARLIAMENTS: EXPECTATIONS AND AGENDA FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
Get PDFThe three Baltic states have joined the European Union almost a decade ago, but as of yet no research has been carried out von how the membership in the EU has affected the national political systems of these countries. This article overviews the literature on how EU membership affects the relationship between legislative and executive branches of government and summarizes what expectations could be drawn as to the character and degree of Europeanization of Baltic parliaments, based on the research. It also calls for an empirical study of this matter to measure these expectations against the reality and gives recommendations how it should be carried out
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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