1,721,201 research outputs found
Invite comment on Pucciarelli and Spolverato: The fate of the rectum after organ sparing approach to rectal cancer
Full text linkASO Author Reflections: Local Excision Following Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer: A Compromise Between TME and Watch-and-Wait in Patients with Major Response
No full textQuality of life and functions after chemoradiation for rectal cancer: A review of recent publications
No full textWe have systematically reviewed studies published in the last three years on patients' self-reported evaluations of quality of life (QoL) and functions after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for rectal cancer. Overall, the findings from 13 studies confirmed that CRT negatively affect functions and, consequently, patients' QoL, especially for bowel, role, and social function. The studies' heterogeneity limited the possibility of comparison among findings. We discuss and comment on the ideal characteristics of studies assessing QoL and function. We emphasise how this type of evidence is relevant to decision-making at all levels of health-care practice. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Spotlight on circadian genes and colorectal cancer crosstalk
No full textMammalian physiology is regulated by circadian clock through oscillating feedback loops controlling cellular processes and behaviors. Recent findings have led to an interesting connection between circadian disruption and colorectal cancer progression and incidence through controlling the hallmarks of cancer, namely cell cycle, cell metabolism and cell death. Deeper understanding of the circadian mechanisms that define the colorectal cancer pathophysiology is the need of the hour to define a chronotherapy for improving colorectal cancer patient survival. This review identifies the key areas in which circadian genes interact with cellular pathways to modify the outcome with respect to colorectal cancer incidence and progression
A Loop Grammar to Understand the roles of miRNAs in the Tumor Cell
Full text linkA miRNA is a small non-coding RNA molecule that regulates gene expression. Current studies showed that miRNAs may function both as oncogenes and as tumor suppressors, but not revealed the precise conditions that cause miRNAs to alter gene expression of the cancer cells. In this study, we introduce a context-free grammar, Loop Grammar, that formalizes the primary and secondary structure as a composition of loops, corresponding to concatenation or nesting of hairpins. We also formalize the concatenation and nesting on fatgraphs, oriented surfaces with boundary, and we define a Surface Loop Grammar, whose algebraic expressions uniquely identify such surfaces associated to given RNA structures. The Loop Grammar has been used to model tumor and healthy miRNAs of the mir-515 family, and we observed that the mutations of elements of primary structure involved in loops formation changed the secondary structure of tumor miRNAs. The Surface Loop Grammar is useful to classify RNA structures in terms of loops and relations among them.
References:
1) Peng, Y., Croce, C. M. The role of MicroRNAs in human cancer. Signal transduction and targeted
therapy, 2016, 1, 15004.
2) Penner, R.C., Knudsen, M., Wiuf, C., Andersen, J.E., Fatgraph models of proteins. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, 2010, 63(10), 1249–1297
3) Quadrini, M., Culmone, R., Merelli, E.: Topological Classification of RNA Structures via Intersection Graph. In: International Conference on Theory and Practice of Natural Computing, Springer, 2017, 203–215
4) Quadrini, M., Merelli, E.: Loop-loop interaction metrics on RNA secondary structures with pseudoknotsth International Conference on Bioinformatics Models, Methods and Algorithms, Proceedings; Part of 11th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, BIOSTEC 2018 3, 2018
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Isoperistaltic jejunal loop interposition after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis
Full text linkGastric cancer is a rare condition affecting patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The mainstay of treatment is total gastrectomy. Since duodenal cancer is the most common cause of death after total colectomy in FAP, endoscopic surveillance for duodenal cancer is mandatory. Here, we describe the use of an isoperistaltic jejunal loop interposition technique to reconstruct the digestive tract after total gastrectomy in 2 patients with FAP. There were no early or late complications. Both patients are still alive and in good clinical condition. They did not experience weight loss or symptoms of dumping syndrome. Duodenal endoscopic surveillance after this technique was easier than after the classical Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Hence, regular follow-up was possible for both patients
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